Circulation, Vol 73, 452-459, Copyright © 1986 by American Heart Association
WA Zoghbi, KL Farmer, JG Soto, JG Nelson and MA Quinones
Laminar flow through a conduit is equal to the mean velocity times the
cross-sectional area of the orifice. Therefore, volume is equal to the
time-velocity integral multiplied by the cross-sectional area. In aortic
stenosis, flow in the stenotic jet is laminar and the aortic valve area
should be equal to the volume of blood ejected through the valve divided by
the time-velocity integral of the aortic jet velocity recorded by
continuous-wave Doppler echocardiography. To test whether this concept can
be used to accurately determine aortic valve area noninvasively by the
Doppler method, 39 patients (age 35 to 82 years, mean 63) underwent pulsed
Doppler combined with two-dimensional echocardiography for measurement of
stroke volume at the aortic, pulmonic, and mitral anulus as well as
continuous-wave Doppler recording of the aortic jet. Aortic valve area
determined at cardiac catheterization by the Gorlin equation ranged between
0.4 and 2.07 cm2 (mean 0.89 +/- 0.45). Doppler-derived valve area,
determined with the stroke volume value from either the aortic, pulmonic,
or mitral anulus, correlated well with the area determined at cardiac
catheterization (r = .95, .97, and .96, respectively). A simplified method
for measuring aortic valve area derived as the cross-sectional area of the
aortic anulus times peak velocity just proximal to the aortic valve divided
by peak aortic jet velocity correlated well with measurements obtained at
cardiac catheterization (r = .94). An excellent separation between critical
and noncritical aortic stenosis was seen using either one of the Doppler
methods.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
ARTICLES
Accurate noninvasive quantification of stenotic aortic valve area by Doppler echocardiography
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  J. L. Gutierrez-Chico, J. L. Zamorano, E. Prieto-Moriche, R. A. Hernandez-Antolin, M. Bravo-Amaro, L. Perez de Isla, M. Sanmartin-Fernandez, J. A. Baz-Alonso, and A. Iniguez-Romo Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography in aortic stenosis: a novel, simple, and reliable method to improve accuracy in area calculation Eur. Heart J., May 2, 2008; 29(10): 1296 - 1306. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. K. Poh, R. A. Levine, J. Solis, L. Shen, M. Flaherty, Y.-J. Kang, J. L. Guerrero, and J. Hung Assessing aortic valve area in aortic stenosis by continuity equation: a novel approach using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography Eur. Heart J., February 9, 2008; (2008) ehn022v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A.-C. Pouleur, J.-B. le Polain de Waroux, A. Pasquet, J.-L. J. Vanoverschelde, and B. L. Gerber Aortic Valve Area Assessment: Multidetector CT Compared with Cine MR Imaging and Transthoracic and Transesophageal Echocardiography Radiology, September 1, 2007; 244(3): 745 - 754. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. H Little, K.-L. Chan, and I. G Burwash Impact of blood pressure on the Doppler echocardiographic assessment of severity of aortic stenosis Heart, July 1, 2007; 93(7): 848 - 855. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Goland, A. Trento, K. Iida, L. S C Czer, M. De Robertis, T. Z Naqvi, K. Tolstrup, T. Akima, H. Luo, and R. J Siegel Assessment of aortic stenosis by three-dimensional echocardiography: an accurate and novel approach Heart, July 1, 2007; 93(7): 801 - 807. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. H. Ix, G. M. Chertow, M. G. Shlipak, V. M. Brandenburg, M. Ketteler, and M. A. Whooley Association of Fetuin-A With Mitral Annular Calcification and Aortic Stenosis Among Persons With Coronary Heart Disease: Data From the Heart and Soul Study Circulation, May 15, 2007; 115(19): 2533 - 2539. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Alkadhi, S. Wildermuth, A. Plass, D. Bettex, B. Baumert, S. Leschka, L. M. Desbiolles, B. Marincek, and T. Boehm Aortic Stenosis: Comparative Evaluation of 16-Detector Row CT and Echocardiography Radiology, July 1, 2006; 240(1): 47 - 55. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. A. Cuniberti, P. G. Stutzbach, E. Guevara, G. G. Yannarelli, R. P. Laguens, and R. R. Favaloro Development of Mild Aortic Valve Stenosis in a Rabbit Model of Hypertension J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 6, 2006; 47(11): 2303 - 2309. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C Kupfahl, M Honold, G Meinhardt, H Vogelsberg, A Wagner, H Mahrholdt, and U Sechtem Evaluation of aortic stenosis by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging: comparison with established routine clinical techniques Heart, August 1, 2004; 90(8): 893 - 901. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. A. Zoghbi, M. Enriquez-Sarano, E. Foster, P. A. Grayburn, C. D. Kraft, R. A. Levine, P. Nihoyannopoulos, C. M. Otto, M. A. Quinones, H. Rakowski, et al. American Society of Echocardiography: recommendations for evaluation of the severity of native valvular regurgitation with two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography : A report from the American Society of Echocardiography's Nomenclature and Standards Committee and The Task Force on Valvular Regurgitation, developed in conjunction with the American College of Cardiology Echocardiography Committee, The Cardiac Imaging Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology, The American Heart Association, and the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Echocardiography, represented by: Eur J Echocardiogr, December 1, 2003; 4(4): 237 - 261. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. D. Caruthers, S. J. Lin, P. Brown, M. P. Watkins, T. A. Williams, K. A. Lehr, and S. A. Wickline Practical Value of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Clinical Quantification of Aortic Valve Stenosis: Comparison With Echocardiography Circulation, November 4, 2003; 108(18): 2236 - 2243. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. Antonini-Canterin, G. Huang, E. Cervesato, P. Faggiano, D. Pavan, R. Piazza, and G. L. Nicolosi Symptomatic Aortic Stenosis: Does Systemic Hypertension Play an Additional Role? Hypertension, June 1, 2003; 41(6): 1268 - 1272. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Palka, S. Harrocks, A. Lange, D. J. Burstow, and M. F. O'Brien Primary Aortic Valve Replacement With Cryopreserved Aortic Allograft: An Echocardiographic Follow-Up Study of 570 Patients Circulation, January 1, 2002; 105(1): 61 - 66. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.-L. Monin, M. Monchi, V. Gest, A.-M. Duval-Moulin, J.-L. Dubois-Rande, and P. Gueret Aortic stenosis with severe left ventricular dysfunction and low transvalvular pressure gradients: Risk stratification by low-dose dobutamine echocardiography J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 15, 2001; 37(8): 2101 - 2107. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. S. Khan, R. J. Siegel, M. A. DeRobertis, C. E. Blanche, R. M. Kass, W. Cheng, G. P. Fontana, and A. Trento Regression of hypertrophy after Carpentier-Edwards pericardial aortic valve replacement Ann. Thorac. Surg., February 1, 2000; 69(2): 531 - 535. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W.A. Schobel, W. Voelker, K.K. Haase, and K.-R. Karsch Extent, determinants and clinical importance of pressure recovery in patients with aortic valve stenosis Eur. Heart J., September 2, 1999; 20(18): 1355 - 1363. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J R Gonzalez-Juanatey, M V Fernandez, F G Sampedro, J M Garcia-Acuna, J B Garcia-Bengoechea, A A Cendon, and M G de la Pena Haemodynamic performance of aortic pericardial bioprostheses and bileaflet prostheses at rest and during exercise: implications for the surgical management of patients with small aortic roots Heart, August 1, 1999; 82(2): 149 - 155. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Arsenault, N. Masani, G. Magni, J. Yao, L. Deras, and N. Pandian Variation of anatomic valve area during ejection in patients with valvular aortic stenosis evaluated by two-dimensional echocardiographic planimetry: comparison with traditional Doppler data J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., December 1, 1998; 32(7): 1931 - 1937. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Cam, H. Gercekoglu, S. Celik, M. Gursurer, G. Tayyareci, H. Karabulut, A. Narin, T. Tezel, and B. Yigiter Dobutamine Stress Test to Evaluate Different Sizes of Prosthetic Aortic Valves Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann, September 1, 1998; 6(3): 166 - 173. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K Dennig, H J Nesser, D Hall, H U Haase, and A Schömig Determination of prestenotic flow volume using an automated method based on colour Doppler imaging for evaluating orifice area by the continuity equation: validation in a pulsatile flow model Heart, April 1, 1998; 79(4): 324 - 330. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. M. Otto, I. G. Burwash, M. E. Legget, B. I. Munt, M. Fujioka, N. L. Healy, C. D. Kraft, C. Y. Miyake-Hull, and R. G. Schwaegler Prospective Study of Asymptomatic Valvular Aortic Stenosis : Clinical, Echocardiographic, and Exercise Predictors of Outcome Circulation, May 6, 1997; 95(9): 2262 - 2270. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. R. Gonzalez-Juanatey, J. M. Garca-Acuna, M. V. Fernandez, A. A. Cendon, V. C. Fuentes, J. B. Garcia-Bengoechea, and M. G. de la Pena INFLUENCE OF THE SIZE OF AORTIC VALVE PROSTHESES ON HEMODYNAMICS AND CHANGE IN LEFT VENTRICULAR MASS: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF AORTIC STENOSIS J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., August 1, 1996; 112(2): 273 - 280. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. D. Waggoner, B. Barzilai, and J. E. Perez Two-Dimensional Doppler Echocardiographic Derived Aortic Valve Area in Aortic Stenosis Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography, March 1, 1991; 7(2): 64 - 72. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Veyrat, D. S. Beuve, Cl. Gourtchiglouian, S. Legeais, and D. Kalmanson Quantification of Left-Sided Valvular Stenoses by Color Doppler Imaging of Jets Angiology, May 1, 1990; 41(5): 352 - 364. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|