Published Online
on March 27, 2006

A more recent version of this article appeared on April 4, 2006

This Article Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 113/13/1675    most recent CIRCULATIONAHA.105.588327v1 Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager patientINFORMation Request Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by He, K. Articles by Savage, P. J. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by He, K. Articles by Savage, P. J. Related Collections Nutrition Epidemiology Risk Factors

Submitted on September 12, 2005
Revised on January 31, 2006
Accepted on February 2, 2006

Magnesium Intake and Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome Among Young Adults

Ka He MD, ScD^*, Kiang Liu PhD, Martha L. Daviglus MD, PhD, Steven J. Morris PhD, Catherine M. Loria PhD, Linda Van Horn PhD, David R. Jacobs Jr PhD, and Peter J. Savage MD

From Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (K.H., K.L., M.L.D., L.V.H.); University of Missouri-Columbia Research Reactor Center (S.J.M.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, Bethesda, Md (C.M.L., P.J.S.); University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, Minneapolis (D.R.J.); and Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (D.R.J.).

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: kahe{at}northwestern.edu.

Background--Studies suggest that magnesium intake may be inversely related to risk of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus and that higher intake of magnesium may decrease blood triglycerides and increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. However, the longitudinal association of magnesium intake and incidence of metabolic syndrome has not been investigated.

Methods and Results--We prospectively examined the relations between magnesium intake and incident metabolic syndrome and its components among 4637 Americans, aged 18 to 30 years, who were free from metabolic syndrome and diabetes at baseline. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed according to the National Cholesterol Education Program/Adult Treatment Panel III definition. Diet was assessed by an interviewer-administered quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and magnesium intake was derived from the nutrient database developed by the Minnesota Nutrition Coordinating Center. During the 15 years of follow-up, 608 incident cases of the metabolic syndrome were identified. Magnesium intake was inversely associated with incidence of metabolic syndrome after adjustment for major lifestyle and dietary variables and baseline status of each component of the metabolic syndrome. Compared with those in the lowest quartile of magnesium intake, multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio of metabolic syndrome for participants in the highest quartile was 0.69 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52 to 0.91; P for trend <0.01). The inverse associations were not materially modified by gender and race. Magnesium intake was also inversely related to individual component of the metabolic syndrome and fasting insulin levels.

Conclusions--Our findings suggest that young adults with higher magnesium intake have lower risk of development of metabolic syndrome.

Key words: follow-up studies • magnesium • nutrition • risk factors • syndrome X

Find additional patient-related information at:

http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=3039230

Dietary Magnesium Reduces Chance of Disease

This article has been cited by other articles:

				M. A Beydoun, T. L Gary, B. H Caballero, R. S Lawrence, L. J Cheskin, and Y. Wang Ethnic differences in dairy and related nutrient consumption among US adults and their association with obesity, central obesity, and the metabolic syndrome Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, June 1, 2008; 87(6): 1914 - 1925. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. M. Champagne Magnesium in Hypertension, Cardiovascular Disease, Metabolic Syndrome, and Other Conditions: A Review Nutr Clin Pract, April 1, 2008; 23(2): 142 - 151. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. J. Melanson Nutrition Review: Diet and Metabolic Syndrome American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, April 1, 2008; 2(2): 113 - 117. [Abstract] [PDF]

				M. C. Cave, R. T. Hurt, T. H. Frazier, P. J. Matheson, R. N. Garrison, C. J. McClain, and S. A. McClave Obesity, Inflammation, and the Potential Application of Pharmaconutrition Nutr Clin Pract, February 1, 2008; 23(1): 16 - 34. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Song, T. Y Li, R. M van Dam, J. E Manson, and F. B Hu Magnesium intake and plasma concentrations of markers of systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in women Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, April 1, 2007; 85(4): 1068 - 1074. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Esmaillzadeh, M. Kimiagar, Y. Mehrabi, L. Azadbakht, F. B Hu, and W. C Willett Dietary patterns, insulin resistance, and prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in women Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, March 1, 2007; 85(3): 910 - 918. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. N. Ames Low micronutrient intake may accelerate the degenerative diseases of aging through allocation of scarce micronutrients by triage PNAS, November 21, 2006; 103(47): 17589 - 17594. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]