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(Circulation. 1999;99:2434-2439.)
© 1999 American Heart Association, Inc.

Clinical Investigation and Reports

Impact of Aortic Stiffness on Survival in End-Stage Renal Disease

Jacques Blacher, MD; Alain P. Guerin, MD; Bruno Pannier, MD; Sylvain J. Marchais, MD; Michel E. Safar, MD; Gérard M. London, MD

From the Service de Médecine, Hôpital Broussais, Paris (J.B., M.E.S.), and the Hôpital F.H. Manhès, Fleury-Mérogis (A.P.G., B.P., S.J.M., G.M.L.), France.

Correspondence to Dr Gérard London, CH Manhès, 8, Grande Rue, Fleury-Mérogis, 91712 Ste/Geneviève des Bois, France.

Background—Damage to large arteries is a major factor in the high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Increased arterial stiffness and intima-media thickness, together with increased pulse pressure, are the principal arterial alterations. Whether increased aortic pulse-wave velocity (PWV), a classic marker of increased arterial stiffness, may predict all-cause and/or cardiovascular mortality has never been investigated.

Methods and Results—A cohort of 241 patients with ESRD undergoing hemodialysis was studied between April 1987 and April 1998. The mean duration of follow-up was 72±41 months (mean±SD). Mean age at entry was 51.5±16.3 years. Seventy-three deaths occurred, including 48 cardiovascular and 25 noncardiovascular fatal events. At entry, together with standard clinical and biochemical analyses, patients underwent echocardiography and aortic PWV measured by Doppler ultrasonography. On the basis of Cox analyses, 2 factors emerged as predictors of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: age and aortic PWV. Hemoglobin and low diastolic pressure interfered to a smaller extent. After adjustment for all the confounding factors, an OR for PWV >12.0 versus <9.4 m/s was 5.4 (95% CI, 2.4 to 11.9) for all-cause mortality and 5.9 (95% CI, 2.3 to 15.5) for cardiovascular mortality. For each PWV increase of 1 m/s in our study population, all-cause mortality–adjusted OR was 1.39 (95% CI, 1.19 to 1.62).

Conclusions—These results provide the first direct evidence that in patients with ESRD, increased aortic stiffness determined by measurement of aortic PWV is a strong independent predictor of all-cause and mainly cardiovascular mortality.

Key Words: aorta • survival • kidney

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				N. Dhaun, J. Goddard, and DavidJ. Webb The Endothelin System and Its Antagonism in Chronic Kidney Disease J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., April 1, 2006; 17(4): 943 - 955. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. M. Dart, C. D. Gatzka, B. A. Kingwell, K. Willson, J. D. Cameron, Y.-L. Liang, K. L. Berry, L. M.H. Wing, C. M. Reid, P. Ryan, et al. Brachial Blood Pressure But Not Carotid Arterial Waveforms Predict Cardiovascular Events in Elderly Female Hypertensives Hypertension, April 1, 2006; 47(4): 785 - 790. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Covic, N. Mardare, P. Gusbeth-Tatomir, O. Brumaru, C. Gavrilovici, M. Munteanu, O. Prisada, and D. J. A. Goldsmith Increased arterial stiffness in children on haemodialysis Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., March 1, 2006; 21(3): 729 - 735. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Sigrist, P. Bungay, M. W. Taal, and C. W. McIntyre Vascular calcification and cardiovascular function in chronic kidney disease Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., March 1, 2006; 21(3): 707 - 714. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Paini, P. Boutouyrie, D. Calvet, A.-I. Tropeano, B. Laloux, and S. Laurent Carotid and Aortic Stiffness: Determinants of Discrepancies Hypertension, March 1, 2006; 47(3): 371 - 376. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Willum Hansen, J. A. Staessen, C. Torp-Pedersen, S. Rasmussen, L. Thijs, H. Ibsen, and J. Jeppesen Prognostic Value of Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity as Index of Arterial Stiffness in the General Population Circulation, February 7, 2006; 113(5): 664 - 670. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. K. Naka, A. C. Tweddel, S. N. Doshi, J. Goodfellow, and A. H. Henderson Flow-mediated changes in pulse wave velocity: a new clinical measure of endothelial function Eur. Heart J., February 1, 2006; 27(3): 302 - 309. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A P Patrianakos, D N Karakitsos, E de Groot, F I Parthenakis, E K Daphnis, and P E Vardas Alteration of proximal aorta biophysical properties in patients with end stage renal disease Heart, February 1, 2006; 92(2): 228 - 232. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]