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(Circulation. 1999;99:1284-1289.)
© 1999 American Heart Association, Inc.
Clinical Investigation and Reports |
Tenascin-C Is Expressed in Macrophage-Rich Human Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque
From the Atherosclerosis Research Center, Divisions of Cardiology and of Anatomic Pathology (M.C.F.), and Burns and Allen Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, and UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, Calif.
Correspondence to Behrooz G. Sharifi, PhD, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Davis Bldg, No. 1016, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048. E-mail Sharifi{at}CSMC.edu
Background—Tenascin is a large extracellular matrix glycoprotein generally found in adult tissues undergoing active remodeling such as healing wounds and tumors. To determine the potential role of tenascin-C (TN-C) in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, we investigated the pattern of expression of TN-C in human coronary atherosclerotic plaques.
Methods and Results—Immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization demonstrated minimal and random expression of TN-C in fibrotic but lipid-poor atherosclerotic plaques. In contrast, all plaques with an organized lipid core or ruptured intimal surface strongly expressed TN-C, which was preferentially concentrated around the lipid core, shoulder regions, and ruptured area of the plaques but not in the fibrous cap. TN-C was not detected in normal arterial tissue. To identify the cellular source of TN-C, the plaques were stained with smooth muscle cell– and macrophage-specific antibodies. TN-C expression correlated with the infiltration of macrophages. Northern blot and immunoprecipitation analysis showed that macrophages expressed 7.0-kb TN-C mRNA and 220-kDa protein. Reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction of total RNA derived from macrophages showed that they express the small isoform of TN-C. Zymogram analysis revealed that macrophages markedly increased MMP-9 expression.
Conclusions—This study demonstrates that the level of TN-C expression correlates with the degree of inflammation present, not with plaque size. In addition, cultured macrophages have the capacity to express the TN-C gene. These findings suggest the significance of macrophages in the remodeling of atherosclerotic plaque matrix composition.
Key Words: atherosclerosis • remodeling • stenosis
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