From the Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood
Institute, Framingham, Mass (P.W.F.W., D.L.); Boston University Mathematics
Department, Boston, Mass (R.B.D., A.M.B., H.S.); and Framingham Heart Study,
Boston University School of Medicine, Framingham, Mass (W.B.K.).
Background—The objective of this
study was to examine the association of Joint National Committee
(JNC-V) blood pressure and National Cholesterol Education
Program (NCEP) cholesterol categories with coronary
heart disease (CHD) risk, to incorporate them into coronary
prediction algorithms, and to compare the discrimination properties of
this approach with other noncategorical prediction functions.
Methods and Results—This work was designed as a prospective,
single-center study in the setting of a community-based cohort. The
patients were 2489 men and 2856 women 30 to 74 years old at baseline
with 12 years of follow-up. During the 12 years of follow-up, a total
of 383 men and 227 women developed CHD, which was significantly
associated with categories of blood pressure, total
cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL
cholesterol (all P<.001). Sex-specific
prediction equations were formulated to predict CHD risk according to
age, diabetes, smoking, JNC-V blood pressure categories, and NCEP total
cholesterol and LDL cholesterol categories. The
accuracy of this categorical approach was found to be comparable to CHD
prediction when the continuous variables themselves were used.
After adjustment for other factors,
Conclusions—Recommended guidelines of blood pressure, total
cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol effectively
predict CHD risk in a middle-aged white population sample. A simple
coronary disease prediction algorithm was developed using
categorical variables, which allows physicians to predict
multivariate CHD risk in patients without overt CHD.
© 1998 American Heart Association, Inc.
Special Reports
Prediction of Coronary Heart Disease Using Risk Factor Categories
28% of CHD events in men and
29% in women were attributable to blood pressure levels that exceeded
high normal (
130/85). The corresponding multivariable-adjusted
attributable risk percent associated with elevated total
cholesterol (200 mg/dL) was 27% in men and 34% in
women.
Key Words: coronary disease • prediction • hypertension • cholesterol
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  J. Ma, K. Berra, W. L. Haskell, L. Klieman, S. Hyde, M. W. Smith, L. Xiao, and R. S. Stafford Case Management to Reduce Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in a County Health Care System Arch Intern Med, November 23, 2009; 169(21): 1988 - 1995. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Ayer, J. Chhatwal, O. Alagoz, C. E. Kahn Jr, R. W. Woods, and E. S. Burnside Comparison of Logistic Regression and Artificial Neural Network Models in Breast Cancer Risk Estimation RadioGraphics, November 18, 2009; (2009) rg.301095057v2. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Steenland, S. Tinker, S. Frisbee, A. Ducatman, and V. Vaccarino Association of Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate With Serum Lipids Among Adults Living Near a Chemical Plant Am. J. Epidemiol., November 15, 2009; 170(10): 1268 - 1278. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. M. Chang, F. Nabi, J. Xu, L. E. Peterson, A. Achari, C. M. Pratt, and J. J. Mahmarian The coronary artery calcium score and stress myocardial perfusion imaging provide independent and complementary prediction of cardiac risk. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 10, 2009; 54(20): 1872 - 1882. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. B. Chen, R. S. Punglia, K. M. Kuntz, P. M. Mauch, and A. K. Ng Cost Effectiveness and Screening Interval of Lipid Screening in Hodgkin's Lymphoma Survivors J. Clin. Oncol., November 10, 2009; 27(32): 5383 - 5389. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Rubinshtein, E. H. Yang, C. S. Rihal, A. Prasad, R. J. Lennon, P. J. Best, L. O. Lerman, and A. Lerman Coronary microcirculatory vasodilator function in relation to risk factors among patients without obstructive coronary disease and low to intermediate Framingham score Eur. Heart J., November 5, 2009; (2009) ehp459v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Stolzmann, C. Phan, L. Desbiolles, M. Lachat, T. Pfammatter, B. Marincek, M. Prokop, and H. Alkadhi The heart of patients with aortic aneurysms: evidence from cardiac computed tomography Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery, November 1, 2009; 9(5): 769 - 773. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. J. Lehman, C. L. Schlett, F. Bamberg, H. Lee, P. Donnelly, L. Shturman, M. F. Kriegel, T. J. Brady, and U. Hoffmann Assessment of Coronary Plaque Progression in Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography Using a Semiquantitative Score J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. Img., November 1, 2009; 2(11): 1262 - 1270. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Suarthana, E. Meijer, D. E Grobbee, and D. Heederik Predicting occupational diseases Occup. Environ. Med., November 1, 2009; 66(11): 713 - 714. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P.K. Curiati, J.H. Tamashiro, P. Squarzoni, F.L.S. Duran, L.C. Santos, M. Wajngarten, C.C. Leite, H. Vallada, P.R. Menezes, M. Scazufca, et al. Brain Structural Variability due to Aging and Gender in Cognitively Healthy Elders: Results from the Sao Paulo Ageing and Health Study AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., November 1, 2009; 30(10): 1850 - 1856. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. E. Alvarado, S. Harper, R. W. Platt, G. D. Smith, and J. Lynch Would Achieving Healthy People 2010's Targets Reduce Both Population Levels and Social Disparities in Heart Disease? Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes, November 1, 2009; 2(6): 598 - 606. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. A.W.A. van der Heijden, M. M. Ortegon, L. W. Niessen, G. Nijpels, and J. M. Dekker Prediction of Coronary Heart Disease Risk in a General, Pre-Diabetic, and Diabetic Population During 10 Years of Follow-up: Accuracy of the Framingham, SCORE, and UKPDS Risk Functions: The Hoorn Study Diabetes Care, November 1, 2009; 32(11): 2094 - 2098. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Towfighi, L. Zheng, and B. Ovbiagele Sex-Specific Trends in Midlife Coronary Heart Disease Risk and Prevalence Arch Intern Med, October 26, 2009; 169(19): 1762 - 1766. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. V. Mohan, C. P. Mohan, and R. Balaban Responses to USPSTF Guideline on Aspirin for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Ann Intern Med, October 20, 2009; 151(8): 587 - 588. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. J. Castaldi, D. L. DeMeo, D. M. Kent, E. J. Campbell, A. F. Barker, M. L. Brantly, E. Eden, N. G. McElvaney, S. I. Rennard, J. M. Stocks, et al. Development of Predictive Models for Airflow Obstruction in Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Deficiency Am. J. Epidemiol., October 15, 2009; 170(8): 1005 - 1013. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A Pepe, V Positano, M Capra, A Maggio, C L Pinto, A Spasiano, G Forni, G Derchi, B Favilli, G Rossi, et al. Myocardial scarring by delayed enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance in thalassaemia major Heart, October 15, 2009; 95(20): 1688 - 1693. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J S Rana, M Cote, J-P Despres, M S Sandhu, P J Talmud, E Ninio, N J Wareham, J J P Kastelein, A H Zwinderman, K-T Khaw, et al. Inflammatory biomarkers and the prediction of coronary events among people at intermediate risk: the EPIC-Norfolk prospective population study Heart, October 15, 2009; 95(20): 1682 - 1687. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Vaccarino, J. Votaw, T. Faber, E. Veledar, N. V. Murrah, L. R. Jones, J. Zhao, S. Su, J. Goldberg, J. P. Raggi, et al. Major Depression and Coronary Flow Reserve Detected by Positron Emission Tomography Arch Intern Med, October 12, 2009; 169(18): 1668 - 1676. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. I. Buckley, R. Fu, M. Freeman, K. Rogers, and M. Helfand C-Reactive Protein as a Risk Factor for Coronary Heart Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Ann Intern Med, October 6, 2009; 151(7): 483 - 495. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Helfand, D. I. Buckley, M. Freeman, R. Fu, K. Rogers, C. Fleming, and L. L. Humphrey Emerging Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease: A Summary of Systematic Reviews Conducted for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Ann Intern Med, October 6, 2009; 151(7): 496 - 507. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. A. I. Mirza, T. Hansen, L. Johansson, H. Ahlstrom, A. Larsson, L. Lind, and T. E. Larsson Relationship between circulating FGF23 and total body atherosclerosis in the community Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., October 1, 2009; 24(10): 3125 - 3131. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Chia Yook Chin and S. Pengal Cardiovascular Disease Risk in a Semirural Community in Malaysia Asia Pac J Public Health, October 1, 2009; 21(4): 410 - 420. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Ovbiagele, D. S. Liebeskind, D. Kim, L. K. Ali, S. Pineda, and J. L. Saver Optimizing Screening and Management of Asymptomatic Coronary Artery Disease in Patients With Stroke and Patients With Transient Ischemic Attack Stroke, October 1, 2009; 40(10): 3407 - 3409. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. E. Crary and G. R. Buchanan Vascular complications after splenectomy for hematologic disorders Blood, October 1, 2009; 114(14): 2861 - 2868. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. T. Cooney, A. L. Dudina, and I. M. Graham Value and limitations of existing scores for the assessment of cardiovascular risk: a review for clinicians. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 29, 2009; 54(14): 1209 - 1227. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. J. Shaw, J. K. Min, M. Budoff, H. Gransar, A. Rozanski, S. W. Hayes, J. D. Friedman, R. Miranda, N. D. Wong, and D. S. Berman Induced cardiovascular procedural costs and resource consumption patterns after coronary artery calcium screening: results from the EISNER (Early Identification of Subclinical Atherosclerosis by Noninvasive Imaging Research) study. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 29, 2009; 54(14): 1258 - 1267. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. F. Redberg, E. J. Benjamin, V. Bittner, L. T. Braun, D. C. Goff Jr, S. Havas, D. R. Labarthe, M. C. Limacher, D. M. Lloyd-Jones, S. Mora, et al. ACCF/AHA 2009 performance measures for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Performance Measures (Writing Committee to Develop Performance Measures for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease) developed in collaboration with the American Academy of Family Physicians; American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation; and Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association Endorsed by the American College of Preventive Medicine, American College of Sports Medicine, and Society for Women's Health Research. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 29, 2009; 54(14): 1364 - 1405. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 WRITING COMMITTEE MEMBERS, R. F. Redberg, E. J. Benjamin, V. Bittner, L. T. Braun, D. C. Goff Jr, S. Havas, D. R. Labarthe, M. C. Limacher, D. M. Lloyd-Jones, et al. ACCF/AHA 2009 Performance Measures for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Performance Measures (Writing Committee to Develop Performance Measures for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease): Developed in Collaboration With the American Academy of Family Physicians; American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation; and Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association: Endorsed by the American College of Preventive Medicine, American College of Sports Medicine, and Society for Women's Health Research Circulation, September 29, 2009; 120(13): 1296 - 1336. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. McGeechan, G. Liew, P. Macaskill, L. Irwig, R. Klein, B. E.K. Klein, J. J. Wang, P. Mitchell, J. R. Vingerling, P. T.V.M. deJong, et al. Meta-analysis: Retinal Vessel Caliber and Risk for Coronary Heart Disease Ann Intern Med, September 15, 2009; 151(6): 404 - 413. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Tung and C. D. Swerdlow Refining Patient Selection for Primary Prevention Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Therapy: Reeling in a Net Cast Too Widely Circulation, September 8, 2009; 120(10): 825 - 827. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Azabdaftari, R. Amani, and M. Taha Jalali Biochemical and nutritional indices as cardiovascular risk factors among Iranian firefighters Ann Clin Biochem, September 1, 2009; 46(5): 385 - 389. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. G. Biesecker, J. C. Mullikin, F. M. Facio, C. Turner, P. F. Cherukuri, R. W. Blakesley, G. G. Bouffard, P. S. Chines, P. Cruz, N. F. Hansen, et al. The ClinSeq Project: Piloting large-scale genome sequencing for research in genomic medicine Genome Res., September 1, 2009; 19(9): 1665 - 1674. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Lopez-Jimenez, J. A. Batsis, V. L. Roger, L. Brekke, H. H. Ting, and V. K. Somers Trends in 10-Year Predicted Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in the United States, 1976 to 2004 Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes, September 1, 2009; 2(5): 443 - 450. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Shimbo, W. Chaplin, S. Kuruvilla, L. T. Wasson, D. Abraham, and M. M. Burg Hostility and Platelet Reactivity in Individuals Without a History of Cardiovascular Disease Events Psychosom Med, September 1, 2009; 71(7): 741 - 747. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. W. Lyerly, X. Sui, C. J. Lavie, T. S. Church, G. A. Hand, and S. N. Blair The Association Between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Risk of All-Cause Mortality Among Women With Impaired Fasting Glucose or Undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus Mayo Clin. Proc., September 1, 2009; 84(9): 780 - 786. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. R. Cook and M. A. Albert Regarding REGARDS: Does Inflammation Explain Racial and Regional Differences in Cardiovascular Disease Risk? Clin. Chem., September 1, 2009; 55(9): 1603 - 1605. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Cushman, L. A. McClure, V. J. Howard, N. S. Jenny, S. G. Lakoski, and G. Howard Implications of Increased C-Reactive Protein for Cardiovascular Risk Stratification in Black and White Men and Women in the US Clin. Chem., September 1, 2009; 55(9): 1627 - 1636. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. A. Tindle, Y.-F. Chang, L. H. Kuller, J. E. Manson, J. G. Robinson, M. C. Rosal, G. J. Siegle, and K. A. Matthews Optimism, Cynical Hostility, and Incident Coronary Heart Disease and Mortality in the Women's Health Initiative Circulation, August 25, 2009; 120(8): 656 - 662. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. K. Marma and D. M. Lloyd-Jones Systematic Examination of the Updated Framingham Heart Study General Cardiovascular Risk Profile Circulation, August 4, 2009; 120(5): 384 - 390. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Bang, M. Mazumdar, G. Newman, A. S. Bomback, C. M. Ballantyne, A. S. Jaffe, P. A. August, and A. V. Kshirsagar Screening for kidney disease in vascular patients: SCreening for Occult REnal Disease (SCORED) experience Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., August 1, 2009; 24(8): 2452 - 2457. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. S. Martin, A. N. Qasim, N. N. Mehta, M. Wolfe, K. Terembula, S. Schwartz, N. Iqbal, M. Schutta, R. Bagheri, and M. P. Reilly Apolipoprotein B but not LDL Cholesterol Is Associated With Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 2 Diabetic Whites Diabetes, August 1, 2009; 58(8): 1887 - 1892. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Maas, V. Xanthakis, J. F. Polak, E. Schwedhelm, L. M. Sullivan, R. Benndorf, F. Schulze, R. S. Vasan, P. A. Wolf, R. H. Boger, et al. Association of the Endogenous Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor ADMA With Carotid Artery Intimal Media Thickness in the Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort Stroke, August 1, 2009; 40(8): 2715 - 2719. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. E. Barnes, K. E. Covinsky, R. A. Whitmer, L. H. Kuller, O. L. Lopez, and K. Yaffe Predicting risk of dementia in older adults: The late-life dementia risk index Neurology, July 21, 2009; 73(3): 173 - 179. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Rassi Jr Prognostic Utility of Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography: Are We Looking at the Correct Outcomes and Making Appropriate Comparisons? J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. Img., July 1, 2009; 2(7): 914 - 914. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Hadamitzky Reply J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. Img., July 1, 2009; 2(7): 915 - 915. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. D Brinkworth, M. Noakes, J. D Buckley, J. B Keogh, and P. M Clifton Long-term effects of a very-low-carbohydrate weight loss diet compared with an isocaloric low-fat diet after 12 mo Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, July 1, 2009; 90(1): 23 - 32. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. M. Tavakol, F. G. Vincenti, H. Assadi, M. J. Frederick, S. J. Tomlanovich, J. P. Roberts, and A. M. Posselt Long-Term Renal Function and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Obese Kidney Donors Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., July 1, 2009; 4(7): 1230 - 1238. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J M Wilson Diagnosis and treatment of acquired coronary artery disease in adults Postgrad. Med. J., July 1, 2009; 85(1005): 364 - 365. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. M. Nilsson, P. Boutouyrie, and S. Laurent Vascular Aging: A Tale of EVA and ADAM in Cardiovascular Risk Assessment and Prevention Hypertension, July 1, 2009; 54(1): 3 - 10. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Motoyama, M. Sarai, H. Harigaya, H. Anno, K. Inoue, T. Hara, H. Naruse, J. Ishii, H. Hishida, N. D. Wong, et al. Computed tomographic angiography characteristics of atherosclerotic plaques subsequently resulting in acute coronary syndrome. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 30, 2009; 54(1): 49 - 57. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Braunwald Noninvasive detection of vulnerable coronary plaques locking the barn door before the horse is stolen. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 30, 2009; 54(1): 58 - 59. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. Pencina, R. B. D'Agostino Sr, M. G. Larson, J. M. Massaro, and R. S. Vasan Predicting the 30-Year Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: The Framingham Heart Study Circulation, June 23, 2009; 119(24): 3078 - 3084. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. A. Golomb Metabolic syndrome: intima-media thickness and beyond. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 16, 2009; 53(24): 2280 - 2282. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Blaha, M. J. Budoff, L. J. Shaw, F. Khosa, J. A. Rumberger, D. Berman, T. Callister, P. Raggi, R. S. Blumenthal, and K. Nasir Absence of Coronary Artery Calcification and All-Cause Mortality J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. Img., June 1, 2009; 2(6): 692 - 700. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Pignone Screening for Asymptomatic Coronary Artery Disease With Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Does Not Reduce Cardiovascular Events in Middle-Aged and Older Patients With Diabetes Clin. Diabetes, June 1, 2009; 27(3): 113 - 114. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. H. Hennekens, W. R. Schneider, E. J. Barice, and P. R. Hebert Modest Dietary Reductions in Blood Cholesterol Have Important Public Health Benefits Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, June 1, 2009; 14(2): 85 - 88. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Brautbar, C. M. Ballantyne, K. Lawson, V. Nambi, L. Chambless, A. R. Folsom, J. T. Willerson, and E. Boerwinkle Impact of Adding a Single Allele in the 9p21 Locus to Traditional Risk Factors on Reclassification of Coronary Heart Disease Risk and Implications for Lipid-Modifying Therapy in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study Circ Cardiovasc Genet, June 1, 2009; 2(3): 279 - 285. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. W. Vernooij, M. D. M. Haag, A. van der Lugt, A. Hofman, G. P. Krestin, B. H. Stricker, and M. M. B. Breteler Use of Antithrombotic Drugs and the Presence of Cerebral Microbleeds: The Rotterdam Scan Study Arch Neurol, June 1, 2009; 66(6): 714 - 720. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Kodama, K. Saito, S. Tanaka, M. Maki, Y. Yachi, M. Asumi, A. Sugawara, K. Totsuka, H. Shimano, Y. Ohashi, et al. Cardiorespiratory Fitness as a Quantitative Predictor of All-Cause Mortality and Cardiovascular Events in Healthy Men and Women: A Meta-analysis JAMA, May 20, 2009; 301(19): 2024 - 2035. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Prabhakaran, P. Jeemon, S. Goenka, R. Lakshmy, K.R. Thankappan, F. Ahmed, P. P. Joshi, B.V. M. Mohan, R. Meera, M. S. Das, et al. Impact of a worksite intervention program on cardiovascular risk factors: a demonstration project in an Indian industrial population. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 5, 2009; 53(18): 1718 - 1728. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Masuda, K.-i. Hirano, H. Oku, J. C. Sandoval, R. Kawase, M. Yuasa-Kawase, Y. Yamashita, M. Takada, K. Tsubakio-Yamamoto, Y. Tochino, et al. Chylomicron remnants are increased in the postprandial state in CD36 deficiency J. Lipid Res., May 1, 2009; 50(5): 999 - 1011. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C K Chow, R Joshi, D S Celermajer, A Patel, and B C Neal Recalibration of a Framingham risk equation for a rural population in India J Epidemiol Community Health, May 1, 2009; 63(5): 379 - 385. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. K. J. Han, W. M. P. Klein, T. C. Lehman, H. Massett, S. C. Lee, and A. N. Freedman Laypersons' Responses to the Communication of Uncertainty Regarding Cancer Risk Estimates Med Decis Making, May 1, 2009; 29(3): 391 - 403. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. A. Everson-Rose, T. T. Lewis, K. Karavolos, S. A. Dugan, D. Wesley, and L. H. Powell Depressive Symptoms and Increased Visceral Fat in Middle-Aged Women Psychosom Med, May 1, 2009; 71(4): 410 - 416. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. G. O'Neill, J. M. Pego-Reigosa, A. D. Hingorani, R. Bessant, D. A. Isenberg, and A. Rahman Use of a strategy based on calculated risk scores in managing cardiovascular risk factors in a large British cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus Rheumatology, May 1, 2009; 48(5): 573 - 575. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. M. Maruthur, N.-Y. Wang, and L. J. Appel Lifestyle Interventions Reduce Coronary Heart Disease Risk: Results From the PREMIER Trial Circulation, April 21, 2009; 119(15): 2026 - 2031. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. G. Bertoni, D. E. Bonds, H. Chen, P. Hogan, L. Crago, E. Rosenberger, A. H. Barham, C. R. Clinch, and D. C. Goff Jr Impact of a Multifaceted Intervention on Cholesterol Management in Primary Care Practices: Guideline Adherence for Heart Health Randomized Trial Arch Intern Med, April 13, 2009; 169(7): 678 - 686. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Hadamitzky, B. Freissmuth, T. Meyer, F. Hein, A. Kastrati, S. Martinoff, A. Schomig, and J. Hausleiter Prognostic Value of Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography for Prediction of Cardiac Events in Patients With Suspected Coronary Artery Disease J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. Img., April 1, 2009; 2(4): 404 - 411. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. R. Skilton, A. Serusclat, L. M. Begg, P. Moulin, and F. Bonnet Parity and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Men and Women: Insights Into the Roles of Childbearing and Child-Rearing Stroke, April 1, 2009; 40(4): 1152 - 1157. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Aspirin for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement Ann Intern Med, March 17, 2009; 150(6): 396 - 404. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. V Jelinek Exercise: the neglected risk factor and the neglected treatment Heart, March 15, 2009; 95(6): 441 - 441. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. S. Frankel, R. S. Vasan, R. B. D'Agostino Sr, E. J. Benjamin, D. Levy, T. J. Wang, and J. B. Meigs Resistin, Adiponectin, and Risk of Heart Failure: The Framingham Offspring Study J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 3, 2009; 53(9): 754 - 762. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. Lekander, F. Borgstrom, O. Strom, N. Zethraeus, and J. A Kanis Cost-effectiveness of hormone replacement therapy for menopausal symptoms in the UK Menopause Int, March 1, 2009; 15(1): 19 - 25. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. E. Hampson, L. R. Goldberg, T. M. Vogt, T. A. Hillier, and J. P. Dubanoski Using Physiological Dysregulation to Assess Global Health Status: Associations with Self-rated Health and Health Behaviors J Health Psychol, March 1, 2009; 14(2): 232 - 241. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F Cacciapaglia, E. Zardi, G Coppolino, F Buzzulini, D Margiotta, L Arcarese, M Vadacca, A Amoroso, and A Afeltra Stiffness parameters, intima-media thickness and early atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus patients Lupus, March 1, 2009; 18(3): 249 - 256. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Hopkins and M. Limacher The Role of Aspirin in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Women American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, March 1, 2009; 3(2): 123 - 134. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Stirrup, K. Wechalekar, A. Maenhout, and C. Anagnostopoulos Cardiac radionuclide imaging in stable coronary artery disease and acute coronary syndromes Br. Med. Bull., March 1, 2009; 89(1): 63 - 78. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Adolphe, L. S. Cook, and X. Huang A Cross-sectional Study of Intima-Media Thickness, Ethnicity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Cardiovascular Risk in 2268 Study Participants Mayo Clin. Proc., March 1, 2009; 84(3): 221 - 228. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. J. Lester, M. F. Eleid, B. K. Khandheria, and R. T. Hurst Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Coronary Artery Calcium Score as Indications of Subclinical Atherosclerosis Mayo Clin. Proc., March 1, 2009; 84(3): 229 - 233. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. F. Engberink, J. M. Geleijnse, N. de Jong, H. A. Smit, F. J. Kok, and W. M. M. Verschuren Dairy Intake, Blood Pressure, and Incident Hypertension in a General Dutch Population J. Nutr., March 1, 2009; 139(3): 582 - 587. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Kuczynski, W. Jagust, H. C. Chui, and B. Reed An inverse association of cardiovascular risk and frontal lobe glucose metabolism Neurology, February 24, 2009; 72(8): 738 - 743. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. A. Mullen, D. E. Crompton, P. W. Carney, I. Helbig, and S. F. Berkovic A neurologist's guide to genome-wide association studies Neurology, February 10, 2009; 72(6): 558 - 565. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. M. Kulminski, K. G. Arbeev, I. V. Culminskaya, S. V. Ukraintseva, K. Christensen, and A. I. Yashin Health-Related Phenotypes and Longevity in Danish Twins J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, February 10, 2009; (2009) gln051v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. L. Warner Risk Prediction Versus Diagnosis: Preserving Clinical Nuance in a Binary World Ann Intern Med, February 3, 2009; 150(3): 222 - 222. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Silbernagel, G. Fauler, W. Renner, E. M. Landl, M. M. Hoffmann, B. R. Winkelmann, B. O. Boehm, and W. Marz The relationships of cholesterol metabolism and plasma plant sterols with the severity of coronary artery disease J. Lipid Res., February 1, 2009; 50(2): 334 - 341. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. P. van der Zwan, T. Teerlink, J. M. Dekker, R. M. A. Henry, C. D. A. Stehouwer, C. Jakobs, R. J. Heine, and P. G. Scheffer Circulating oxidized LDL: determinants and association with brachial flow-mediated dilation J. Lipid Res., February 1, 2009; 50(2): 342 - 349. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. P.A. Ioannidis Prediction of Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes and Established Cardiovascular Risk Factors by Genome-Wide Association Markers Circ Cardiovasc Genet, February 1, 2009; 2(1): 7 - 15. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. NIKPOUR, D. D. GLADMAN, D. IBANEZ, I. N. BRUCE, R. J. BURNS, and M. B. UROWITZ Myocardial Perfusion Imaging in Assessing Risk of Coronary Events in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus J Rheumatol, February 1, 2009; 36(2): 288 - 294. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Shah, J. P Casas, J. A Cooper, I. Tzoulaki, R. Sofat, V. McCormack, L. Smeeth, J. E Deanfield, G. D Lowe, A. Rumley, et al. Critical appraisal of CRP measurement for the prediction of coronary heart disease events: new data and systematic review of 31 prospective cohorts Int. J. Epidemiol., February 1, 2009; 38(1): 217 - 231. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
NACB LMPG Committee Members, G. L. Myers, R. H.M. Christenson, M. Cushman, C. M. Ballantyne, G. R. Cooper, C. M. Pfeiffer, S. M. Grundy, D. R. Labarthe, D. Levy, et al. National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory Medicine Practice Guidelines: Emerging Biomarkers for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Clin. Chem., February 1, 2009; 55(2): 378 - 384. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. D. Hingorani, T. Shah, J. P. Casas, S. E. Humphries, and P. J. Talmud C-Reactive Protein and Coronary Heart Disease: Predictive Test or Therapeutic Target? Clin. Chem., February 1, 2009; 55(2): 239 - 255. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|