(Circulation. 1997;95:2262-2270.)
© 1997 American Heart Association, Inc.
Articles |
Prospective Study of Asymptomatic Valvular Aortic Stenosis
Clinical, Echocardiographic, and Exercise Predictors of Outcome
From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle.
Correspondence to Catherine M. Otto, MD, Division of Cardiology, Box 356422, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98115. E-mail cmotto{at}u.washington.edu
Background Only limited data on the rate of hemodynamic progression and predictors of outcome in asymptomatic patients with valvular aortic stenosis (AS) are available.
Methods and Results In 123 adults (mean age, 63±16 years)
with asymptomatic AS, annual clinical,
echocardiographic, and exercise data were obtained
prospectively (mean follow-up of 2.5±1.4 years). Aortic jet velocity
increased by 0.32±0.34 m/s per year and mean gradient by 7±7
mm Hg per year; valve area decreased by 0.12±0.19 cm2 per
year. Kaplan-Meier event-free survival, with end points defined as
death (n=8) or aortic valve surgery (n=48), was 93±5% at 1 year,
62±8% at 3 years, and 26±10% at 5 years. Univariate
predictors of outcome included baseline jet velocity, mean gradient,
valve area, and the rate of increase in jet velocity (all
P
.001) but not age, sex, or cause of AS. Those with an end
point had a smaller exercise increase in valve area, blood pressure,
and cardiac output and a greater exercise decrease in stroke volume.
Multivariate predictors of outcome were jet velocity at
baseline (P<.0001), the rate of change in jet velocity
(P<.0001), and functional status score (P=.002).
The likelihood of remaining alive without valve replacement at 2 years
was only 21±18% for a jet velocity at entry >4.0 m/s, compared with
66±13% for a velocity of 3.0 to 4.0 m/s and 84±16% for a jet
velocity <3.0 m/s (P<.0001).
Conclusions In adults with asymptomatic AS, the rate of hemodynamic progression and clinical outcome are predicted by jet velocity, the rate of change in jet velocity, and functional status.
Key Words: stenosis • aorta • valves • exercise
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