(Circulation. 1996;94:3246-3250.)
© 1996 American Heart Association, Inc.
Articles |
Birth Weight and Adult Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, and Obesity in US Men
the Departments of Nutrition (G.C.C., W.C.W., E.B.R., A.L.A., M.J.S.), Epidemiology (G.C.C., W.C.W., E.B.R., D.S., A.L.A., M.J.S.), and Biostatistics (D.S.), Harvard School of Public Health; the Channing Laboratory (G.C.C., W.C.W., E.B.R., M.J.S.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Renal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital (G.C.C.); and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
Correspondence to Gary C. Curhan, MD, Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115. E-mail gary.curhan@channing.harvard.edu.
Background Low birth weight has been associated with several chronic diseases in adults, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obesity. Further study of these diseases in a large cohort with information on a wide variety of risk factors is essential to determine more precisely the risks associated with birth weight.
Methods and Results We examined the relation between birth weight and cumulative incidence of adult hypertension, incidence of non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and prevalence of obesity in a cohort of 22 846 US men (Health Professionals Follow-up Study). Birth weights, medical histories, family histories, and other factors were collected by biennial mailed questionnaires. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between birth weight and these chronic adult diseases. Low birth weight was associated with an increased risk of hypertension and diabetes; high birth weight was associated with an increased risk of obesity. Compared with men in the referent birth weight category (7.0 to 8.4 lb), men who weighed <5.5 lb had an age-adjusted odds ratio for hypertension of 1.26 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11 to 1.44) and for diabetes mellitus of 1.75 (95% CI, 1.21 to 2.54). There was no material change after controlling for adult body mass index and parental histories of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Compared with men in the referent group, the age-adjusted odds ratio of being in the highest versus the lowest quintile of adult body mass index for men with birth weight 
10.0 lb was 2.08 (95% CI, 1.73 to 2.50).
Conclusions These findings support the hypothesis that early life exposures, for which birth weight is a marker, are associated with several chronic diseases in adulthood.
Key Words: hypertension • diabetes mellitus • birth weight • obesity • epidemiology
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M. W. Gillman, S. Rifas-Shiman, C. S. Berkey, A. E. Field, and G. A. Colditz Maternal Gestational Diabetes, Birth Weight, and Adolescent Obesity Pediatrics, March 1, 2003; 111(3): e221 - 226. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J.-N. Wei, F.-C. Sung, C.-Y. Li, C.-H. Chang, R.-S. Lin, C.-C. Lin, C.-C. Chiang, and L.-M. Chuang Low Birth Weight and High Birth Weight Infants Are Both at an Increased Risk to Have Type 2 Diabetes Among Schoolchildren in Taiwan Diabetes Care, February 1, 2003; 26(2): 343 - 348. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. A. Veening, M. M. van Weissenbruch, and H. A. Delemarre-van de Waal Glucose Tolerance, Insulin Sensitivity, and Insulin Secretion in Children Born Small for Gestational Age J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2002; 87(10): 4657 - 4661. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. X. Davey Birthweight and Risk for Diabetes Diabetes Care, October 1, 2002; 25(10): 1886 - 1886. [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Zhao, X. O. Shu, F. Jin, G. Yang, H.-L. Li, D.-K. Liu, W. Wen, Y.-T. Gao, and W. Zheng Birthweight, childhood growth and hypertension in adulthood Int. J. Epidemiol., October 1, 2002; 31(5): 1043 - 1051. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. Bertin, M.-N. Gangnerau, G. Bellon, D. Bailbe, A. Arbelot De Vacqueur, and B. Portha Development of beta -cell mass in fetuses of rats deprived of protein and/or energy in last trimester of pregnancy Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, September 1, 2002; 283(3): R623 - R630. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. D. Stein, A. Conlisk, B. Torun, D. G. Schroeder, R. Grajeda, and R. Martorell Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Are Related to Adult Adiposity but Not Birth Weight in Young Guatemalan Adults J. Nutr., August 1, 2002; 132(8): 2208 - 2214. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Manning, K. Beutler, M. A. Knepper, and V. M. Vehaskari Upregulation of renal BSC1 and TSC in prenatally programmed hypertension Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, July 1, 2002; 283(1): F202 - F206. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Singhal, I S. Farooqi, S. O'Rahilly, T. J Cole, M. Fewtrell, and A. Lucas Early nutrition and leptin concentrations in later life Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, June 1, 2002; 75(6): 993 - 999. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. J. Loos, G. Beunen, R. Fagard, C. Derom, and R. Vlietinck Birth weight and body composition in young women: a prospective twin study Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, April 1, 2002; 75(4): 676 - 682. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. van der Meulen Commentary: Maternal smoking during pregnancy and obesity in the offspring Int. J. Epidemiol., April 1, 2002; 31(2): 420 - 421. [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. B. Jensen, H. Storgaard, F. Dela, J. J. Holst, S. Madsbad, and A. A. Vaag Early Differential Defects of Insulin Secretion and Action in 19-Year-Old Caucasian Men Who Had Low Birth Weight Diabetes, April 1, 2002; 51(4): 1271 - 1280. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 D. S. Allen, G. T. H. Ellison, I. dos Santos Silva, B. L. De Stavola, and I. S. Fentiman Determinants of the Availability and Accuracy of Self-reported Birth Weight in Middle-aged and Elderly Women Am. J. Epidemiol., February 15, 2002; 155(4): 379 - 384. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 T. J Parsons, C. Power, and O. Manor Fetal and early life growth and body mass index from birth to early adulthood in 1958 British cohort: longitudinal study BMJ, December 8, 2001; 323(7325): 1331 - 1335. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 C N. Hales and D. J P Barker The thrifty phenotype hypothesis: Type 2 diabetes Br. Med. Bull., November 1, 2001; 60(1): 5 - 20. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. M. Paris, S. A. Bedno, M. R. Krauss, L. W. Keep, and M. V. Rubertone Weighing in on Type 2 Diabetes in the Military: Characteristics of U.S. military personnel at entry who develop type 2 diabetes Diabetes Care, November 1, 2001; 24(11): 1894 - 1898. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. L. Woods, D. A. Weeks, and R. Rasch Hypertension After Neonatal Uninephrectomy in Rats Precedes Glomerular Damage Hypertension, September 1, 2001; 38(3): 337 - 342. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. H. Pietilainen, J. Kaprio, M. Rasanen, T. Winter, A. Rissanen, and R. J. Rose Tracking of Body Size from Birth to Late Adolescence: Contributions of Birth Length, Birth Weight, Duration of Gestation, Parents' Body Size, and Twinship Am. J. Epidemiol., July 1, 2001; 154(1): 21 - 29. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. L. Goh, A. C. Shore, M. Quinn, and J. E. Tooke Impaired Microvascular Vasodilatory Function in 3-Month-Old Infants of Low Birth Weight Diabetes Care, June 1, 2001; 24(6): 1102 - 1107. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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K. Miura, H. Nakagawa, M. Tabata, Y. Morikawa, M. Nishijo, and S. Kagamimori Birth Weight, Childhood Growth, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Japanese Aged 20 Years Am. J. Epidemiol., April 15, 2001; 153(8): 783 - 789. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. Martorell, A. D. Stein, and D. G. Schroeder Early Nutrition and Later Adiposity J. Nutr., March 1, 2001; 131(3): 874S - 880. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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C. Law, P Egger, O Dada, H Delgado, E Kylberg, P Lavin, G-H Tang, H von Hertzen, A. Shiell, and D. Barker Body size at birth and blood pressure among children in developing countries Int. J. Epidemiol., February 1, 2001; 30(1): 52 - 57. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. G. IJzerman, C. D. A. Stehouwer, and D. I. Boomsma Evidence for Genetic Factors Explaining the Birth Weight-Blood Pressure Relation : Analysis in Twins Hypertension, December 1, 2000; 36(6): 1008 - 1012. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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