(Circulation. 1996;94:3090-3097.)
© 1996 American Heart Association, Inc.
Articles |
Macrophages, Smooth Muscle Cells, and Tissue Factor in Unstable Angina
Implications for Cell-Mediated Thrombogenicity in Acute Coronary Syndromes
the Cardiac Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, and the Cardiovascular Institute (R.M., S.K.S., Y.N., V.F., J.T.F.), Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY.
Correspondence to Pedro R. Moreno, MD, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115. E-mail prmoreno@bics.bwh.harvard.edu.
Background Macrophage expression of tissue factor may be responsible for coronary thrombogenicity in patients with plaque rupture. In patients without plaque rupture, smooth muscle cells may be the thrombogenic substrate. This study was designed to identify the cellular correlations of tissue factor in patients with unstable angina.
Methods and Results Tissue from 50 coronary specimens (1560 pieces) from patients with unstable angina and 15 specimens from patients with stable angina were analyzed. Total and segmental areas (in square millimeters) were identified with trichrome staining. Macrophages, smooth muscle cells, and tissue factor were identified by immunostaining. Tissue factor content was larger in unstable angina (42±3%) than in stable angina (18±4%) (P=.0001). Macrophage content was also larger in unstable angina (16±2%) than in stable angina (5±2%) (P=.002). The percentage of tissue factor located in cellular areas was larger in coronary samples from patients with unstable angina (67±8%) than in samples from patients with stable angina (40±5%) (P=.00007). Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that coronary tissue factor content correlated significantly (r=.83, P<.0001) with macrophage and smooth muscle cell areas only in tissue from patients with unstable angina, with a strong relationship between tissue factor content and macrophages in the atheromatous gruel (r=.98, P<.0001).
Conclusions Tissue factor content is increased in unstable angina and correlates with areas of macrophages and smooth muscle cells, suggesting a cell-mediated thrombogenicity in patients with acute coronary syndromes.
Key Words: atherosclerosis • coronary disease • thrombosis • leukocytes
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  A. Kumar and C. P. Cannon Acute Coronary Syndromes: Diagnosis and Management, Part I Mayo Clin. Proc., October 1, 2009; 84(10): 917 - 938. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Tanaka, T. Imanishi, H. Kitabata, T. Kubo, S. Takarada, T. Tanimoto, A. Kuroi, H. Tsujioka, H. Ikejima, K. Komukai, et al. Lipid-rich plaque and myocardial perfusion after successful stenting in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome: an optical coherence tomography study Eur. Heart J., June 1, 2009; 30(11): 1348 - 1355. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. M. Biasucci, M. Leo, and G. L. De Maria Local and Systemic Mechanisms of Plaque Rupture Angiology, August 1, 2008; 59(2_suppl): 73S - 76S. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Camino-Lopez, V. Llorente-Cortes, J. Sendra, and L. Badimon Tissue factor induction by aggregated LDL depends on LDL receptor-related protein expression (LRP1) and Rho A translocation in human vascular smooth muscle cells Cardiovasc Res, January 1, 2007; 73(1): 208 - 216. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Dai, K. Viswanathan, Y. M. Sun, X. Li, L. Y. Liu, B. Togonu-Bickersteth, J. Richardson, C. Macaulay, P. Nash, P. Turner, et al. Identification of Myxomaviral Serpin Reactive Site Loop Sequences That Regulate Innate Immune Responses J. Biol. Chem., March 24, 2006; 281(12): 8041 - 8050. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M Meuwissen, A C van der Wal, H W M Niessen, K T Koch, R J de Winter, C M van der Loos, S Z H Rittersma, S A J Chamuleau, J G P Tijssen, A E Becker, et al. Colocalisation of intraplaque C reactive protein, complement, oxidised low density lipoprotein, and macrophages in stable and unstable angina and acute myocardial infarction J. Clin. Pathol., February 1, 2006; 59(2): 196 - 201. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 V. C. Mehra, V. S. Ramgolam, and J. R. Bender Cytokines and cardiovascular disease J. Leukoc. Biol., October 1, 2005; 78(4): 805 - 818. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 V. Fuster, P. R. Moreno, Z. A. Fayad, R. Corti, and J. J. Badimon Atherothrombosis and High-Risk Plaque: Part I: Evolving Concepts J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 20, 2005; 46(6): 937 - 954. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. A. Morrow, S. A. Murphy, C. H. McCabe, N. Mackman, H. C. Wong, E. M. Antman, and on behalf of the PROXIMATE-TIMI 27 Investigators Potent inhibition of thrombin with a monoclonal antibody against tissue factor (Sunol-cH36): results of the PROXIMATE-TIMI 27 trial Eur. Heart J., April 1, 2005; 26(7): 682 - 688. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 V. Llorente-Cortes and L. Badimon LDL Receptor-Related Protein and the Vascular Wall: Implications for Atherothrombosis Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, March 1, 2005; 25(3): 497 - 504. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 V. Llorente-Cortes, M. Otero-Vinas, S. Camino-Lopez, O. Llampayas, and L. Badimon Aggregated Low-Density Lipoprotein Uptake Induces Membrane Tissue Factor Procoagulant Activity and Microparticle Release in Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Circulation, July 27, 2004; 110(4): 452 - 459. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. D. Schecter, A. B. Berman, L. Yi, H. Ma, C. M. Daly, K. Soejima, B. J. Rollins, I. F. Charo, and M. B. Taubman MCP-1-dependent signaling in CCR2-/- aortic smooth muscle cells J. Leukoc. Biol., June 1, 2004; 75(6): 1079 - 1085. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Hutter, C. Valdiviezo, B. V. Sauter, M. Savontaus, I. Chereshnev, F. E. Carrick, G. Bauriedel, B. Luderitz, J. T. Fallon, V. Fuster, et al. Caspase-3 and Tissue Factor Expression in Lipid-Rich Plaque Macrophages: Evidence for Apoptosis as Link Between Inflammation and Atherothrombosis Circulation, April 27, 2004; 109(16): 2001 - 2008. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. J. Kereiakes Adjunctive Pharmacotherapy before Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Non-ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes: The Role of Modulating Inflammation Circulation, October 21, 2003; 108(90161): III-22 - 27. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 O. D. Suleymanov, J. A. Szalony, A. K. Salyers, R. M. LaChance, J. J. Parlow, M. S. South, R. S. Wood, and N. S. Nicholson Pharmacological Interruption of Acute Thrombus Formation with Minimal Hemorrhagic Complications by a Small Molecule Tissue Factor/Factor VIIa Inhibitor: Comparison to Factor Xa and Thrombin Inhibition in a Nonhuman Primate Thrombosis Model J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., September 1, 2003; 306(3): 1115 - 1121. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. D'Andrea, M. Ravera, P. Golino, A. Rosica, M. De Felice, M. Ragni, P. Cirillo, F. Vigorito, N. Corcione, P. Tommasini, et al. Induction of Tissue Factor in the Arterial Wall During Recurrent Thrombus Formation Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, September 1, 2003; 23(9): 1684 - 1689. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. D. MacNeill, H. C. Lowe, M. Takano, V. Fuster, and I.-K. Jang Intravascular Modalities for Detection of Vulnerable Plaque: Current Status Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, August 1, 2003; 23(8): 1333 - 1342. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. P. Burke, R. Virmani, Z. Galis, C. C. Haudenschild, and J. E. Muller Task force #2--what is the pathologic basis for new atherosclerosis imaging techniques? J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 4, 2003; 41(11): 1874 - 1886. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Sambola, J. Osende, J. Hathcock, M. Degen, Y. Nemerson, V. Fuster, J. Crandall, and J. J. Badimon Role of Risk Factors in the Modulation of Tissue Factor Activity and Blood Thrombogenicity Circulation, February 25, 2003; 107(7): 973 - 977. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Corti, V. Fuster, and J. J. Badimon Pathogenetic concepts of acute coronary syndromes J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., February 19, 2003; 41(4_Suppl_S): 7S - 14S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. K. Shah Mechanisms of plaque vulnerability and rupture J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., February 19, 2003; 41(4_Suppl_S): 15S - 22S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M.-Z. Cui, G. Zhao, A. L. Winokur, E. Laag, J. R. Bydash, M. S. Penn, G. M. Chisolm, and X. Xu Lysophosphatidic Acid Induction of Tissue Factor Expression in Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, February 1, 2003; 23(2): 224 - 230. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P J Sheridan and D C Crossman Critical review of unstable angina and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction Postgrad. Med. J., December 1, 2002; 78(926): 717 - 726. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F.-J. Neumann and N. Jander How to best counteract the enemies? By ensuring adequate oxygen delivery Eur. Heart J. Suppl., November 1, 2002; 4(suppl_G): G35 - G42. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Henriques de Gouveia, A.C. van der Wal, C.M. van der Loos, and A.E. Becker Sudden unexpected death in young adults. Discrepancies between initiation of acute plaque complications and the onset of acute coronary death Eur. Heart J., September 2, 2002; 23(18): 1433 - 1440. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. K. Sukhova, J. K. Williams, and P. Libby Statins Reduce Inflammation in Atheroma of Nonhuman Primates Independent of Effects on Serum Cholesterol Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, September 1, 2002; 22(9): 1452 - 1458. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. M. Ananyeva, D. V. Kouiavskaia, M. Shima, and E. L. Saenko Intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation contributes to thrombogenicity of atherosclerotic plaque Blood, May 29, 2002; 99(12): 4475 - 4485. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Baetta, M. Camera, C. Comparato, C. Altana, M. D. Ezekowitz, and E. Tremoli Fluvastatin Reduces Tissue Factor Expression and Macrophage Accumulation in Carotid Lesions of Cholesterol-Fed Rabbits in the Absence of Lipid Lowering Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, April 1, 2002; 22(4): 692 - 698. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. H.M Moons, M. Levi, and R. J.G Peters Tissue factor and coronary artery disease Cardiovasc Res, February 1, 2002; 53(2): 313 - 325. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Ott, V. Malcouvier, A. Schomig, and F.-J. Neumann Proteolysis of Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor-1 by Thrombolysis in Acute Myocardial Infarction Circulation, January 22, 2002; 105(3): 279 - 281. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. V. Zalai, M. D. Kolodziejczyk, L. Pilarski, A. Christov, P. N. Nation, M. Lundstrom-Hobman, W. Tymchak, V. Dzavik, D. P. Humen, W. J. Kostuk, et al. Increased circulating monocyte activation in patients with unstable coronary syndromes J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 1, 2001; 38(5): 1340 - 1347. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Yuan, L. M. Mitsumori, M. S. Ferguson, N. L. Polissar, D. Echelard, G. Ortiz, R. Small, J. W. Davies, W. S. Kerwin, and T. S. Hatsukami In Vivo Accuracy of Multispectral Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Identifying Lipid-Rich Necrotic Cores and Intraplaque Hemorrhage in Advanced Human Carotid Plaques Circulation, October 23, 2001; 104(17): 2051 - 2056. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Monaco, F. Crea, G. Niccoli, F. Summaria, D. Cianflone, R. Bordone, G. Bellomo, and A. Maseri Autoantibodies against oxidized low density lipoproteins in patients with stable angina, unstable angina or peripheral vascular disease; pathophysiological implications Eur. Heart J., September 1, 2001; 22(17): 1572 - 1577. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Badimon, G. Vilahur, S. Sanchez, and X. Duran Atheromatous plaque formation and thrombogenesis: formation, risk factors and therapeutic approaches Eur. Heart J. Suppl., August 1, 2001; 3(suppl_I): I16 - I22. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. von Kanel, P. J. Mills, C. Fainman, and J. E. Dimsdale Effects of Psychological Stress and Psychiatric Disorders on Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis: A Biobehavioral Pathway to Coronary Artery Disease? Psychosom Med, July 1, 2001; 63(4): 531 - 544. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Aikawa and P. Libby Vascular inflammation and activation: new targets for lipid lowering Eur. Heart J. Suppl., May 1, 2001; 3(suppl_B): B3 - B11. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Jander, M. Sitzer, A. Wendt, M. Schroeter, M. Buchkremer, M. Siebler, W. Muller, W. Sandmann, and G. Stoll Expression of Tissue Factor in High-Grade Carotid Artery Stenosis : Association With Plaque Destabilization Stroke, April 1, 2001; 32(4): 850 - 854. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R.R Azar, S Rinfret, P Theroux, P.H Stone, R Dakshinamurthy, Y.-J Feng, A.H.B Wu, G Range, and D.D Waters A randomized placebo-controlled trial to assess the efficacy of antiinflammatory therapy with methylprednisolone in unstable angina (MUNA trial) Eur. Heart J., December 2, 2000; 21(24): 2026 - 2032. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. S. Penn, M.-Z. Cui, A. L. Winokur, J. Bethea, T. A. Hamilton, P. E. DiCorleto, and G. M. Chisolm Smooth muscle cell surface tissue factor pathway activation by oxidized low-density lipoprotein requires cellular lipid peroxidation Blood, November 1, 2000; 96(9): 3056 - 3063. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. R. Moreno, A. M. Murcia, I. F. Palacios, M. N. Leon, V. H. Bernardi, V. Fuster, and J. T. Fallon Coronary Composition and Macrophage Infiltration in Atherectomy Specimens From Patients With Diabetes Mellitus Circulation, October 31, 2000; 102(18): 2180 - 2184. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F.B Smith, F.G.R Fowkes, A Rumley, A.J Lee, G.D.O Lowe, and C.M Hau Tissue plasminogen activator and leucocyte elastase as predictors of cardiovascular events in subjects with angina pectoris: Edinburgh Artery Study Eur. Heart J., October 1, 2000; 21(19): 1607 - 1613. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Doi, K. Kugiyama, H. Oka, S. Sugiyama, N. Ogata, S.-i. Koide, S.-i. Nakamura, and H. Yasue Remnant Lipoproteins Induce Proatherothrombogenic Molecules in Endothelial Cells Through a Redox-Sensitive Mechanism Circulation, August 8, 2000; 102(6): 670 - 676. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Ferro, S. Parrotto, S. Basili, C. Alessandri, and F. Violi Simvastatin inhibits the monocyte expression of proinflammatory cytokines in patients with hypercholesterolemia J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 1, 2000; 36(2): 427 - 431. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Niinobu, K. Fukuo, O. Yasuda, M. Tsubakimoto, M. Mogi, H. Nishimaki, S. Morimoto, and T. Ogihara Negative feedback regulation of activated macrophages via Fas-mediated apoptosis Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, August 1, 2000; 279(2): C504 - C509. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Tedgui and Z. Mallat Smooth Muscle Cells : Another Source of Tissue Factor-Containing Microparticles in Atherothrombosis? Circ. Res., July 21, 2000; 87(2): 81 - 82. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. D. Schecter, B. Spirn, M. Rossikhina, P. L. A. Giesen, V. Bogdanov, J. T. Fallon, E. A. Fisher, L. M. Schnapp, Y. Nemerson, and M. B. Taubman Release of Active Tissue Factor by Human Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells Circ. Res., July 21, 2000; 87(2): 126 - 132. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. W. Hamm and E. Braunwald A Classification of Unstable Angina Revisited Circulation, July 4, 2000; 102(1): 118 - 122. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Altman, J. Rouvier, and A. Scazziota State-of-the-Art Review : Secondary Prevention of Myocardial Infarction: Beneficial Effect of Combining Oral Anticoagulant Plus Aspirin: Therapy Based on Evidence Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis, July 1, 2000; 6(3): 126 - 134. [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Liuzzo, J. J. Goronzy, H. Yang, S. L. Kopecky, D. R. Holmes, R. L. Frye, and C. M. Weyand Monoclonal T-Cell Proliferation and Plaque Instability in Acute Coronary Syndromes Circulation, June 27, 2000; 101(25): 2883 - 2888. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Crawley, F. Lupu, A. D. Westmuckett, N. J. Severs, V. V. Kakkar, and C. Lupu Expression, Localization, and Activity of Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor in Normal and Atherosclerotic Human Vessels Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, May 1, 2000; 20(5): 1362 - 1373. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Nakagomi, S. B. Freedman, and C. L. Geczy Interferon-{gamma} and Lipopolysaccharide Potentiate Monocyte Tissue Factor Induction by C-Reactive Protein : Relationship With Age, Sex, and Hormone Replacement Treatment Circulation, April 18, 2000; 101(15): 1785 - 1791. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. R. Moreno and I. F. Palacios Cytomegalovirus and Restenosis After Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty Circulation, April 11, 2000; 101 (14): e163 - e163. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. J. Piek, A. C. Van Der Wal, M. Meuwissen, K. T. Koch, S. A. J. Chamuleau, P. Teeling, C. M. Van Der Loos, and A. E. Becker Plaque inflammation in restenotic coronary lesions of patients with stable or unstable angina J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 15, 2000; 35(4): 963 - 967. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Saitoh, H. Kishida, Y. Tsukada, Y. Fukuma, J. Sano, M. Yasutake, N. Fukuma, Y. Kusama, and H. Hayakawa Clinical significance of increased plasma concentration of macrophage colony-stimulating factor in patients with angina pectoris J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 1, 2000; 35(3): 655 - 665. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Arnaud, V. Barbalat, V. Nicaud, F. Cambien, A. Evans, C. Morrison, D. Arveiler, G. Luc, J.-B. Ruidavets, J. Emmerich, et al. Polymorphisms in the 5' Regulatory Region of the Tissue Factor Gene and the Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Venous Thromboembolism : The ECTIM and PATHROS Studies Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, March 1, 2000; 20(3): 892 - 898. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. D. Schecter, T. M. Calderon, A. B. Berman, C. M. McManus, J. T. Fallon, M. Rossikhina, W. Zhao, G. Christ, J. W. Berman, and M. B. Taubman Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Possess Functional CCR5 J. Biol. Chem., February 25, 2000; 275(8): 5466 - 5471. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Yeghiazarians, J. B. Braunstein, A. Askari, and P. H. Stone Unstable Angina Pectoris N. Engl. J. Med., January 13, 2000; 342(2): 101 - 114. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. A. Ambrose and G. Dangas Unstable Angina: Current Concepts of Pathogenesis and Treatment Arch Intern Med, January 10, 2000; 160(1): 25 - 37. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S Kojima, H Nonogi, Y Miyao, S Miyazaki, Y Goto, A Itoh, S Daikoku, T Matsumoto, I Morii, and C Yutani Is preinfarction angina related to the presence or absence of coronary plaque rupture? Heart, January 1, 2000; 83(1): 64 - 68. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 U. Schonbeck, F. Mach, G. K. Sukhova, M. Herman, P. Graber, M. R. Kehry, and P. Libby CD40 Ligation Induces Tissue Factor Expression in Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Am. J. Pathol., January 1, 2000; 156(1): 7 - 14. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Oldgren, R. Linder, L. Grip, A. Siegbahn, and L. Wallentin Activated partial thromboplastin time and clinical outcome after thrombin inhibition in unstable coronary artery disease Eur. Heart J., November 2, 1999; 20(22): 1657 - 1666. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Shinnar, J. T. Fallon, S. Wehrli, M. Levin, D. Dalmacy, Z. A. Fayad, J. J. Badimon, M. Harrington, E. Harrington, and V. Fuster The Diagnostic Accuracy of Ex Vivo MRI for Human Atherosclerotic Plaque Characterization Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, November 1, 1999; 19(11): 2756 - 2761. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. R. Moreno, J. T. Fallon, A. M. Murcia, M. N. Leon, H. Simosa, V. Fuster, and I. F. Palacios Tissue characteristics of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in diabetic patients J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 1, 1999; 34(4): 1045 - 1049. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Aikawa, S. J. Voglic, S. Sugiyama, E. Rabkin, M. B. Taubman, J. T. Fallon, and P. Libby Dietary Lipid Lowering Reduces Tissue Factor Expression in Rabbit Atheroma Circulation, September 14, 1999; 100(11): 1215 - 1222. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. W. H. M. Verheggen, M. P. M. de Maat, V. M. Cats, F. Haverkate, A. H. Zwinderman, C. Kluft, and A. V. G. Bruschke Inflammatory status as a main determinant of outcome in patients with unstable angina, independent of coagulation activation and endothelial cell function Eur. Heart J., April 2, 1999; 20(8): 567 - 574. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. M. E. D. van den Eijnden, J. T. van Noort, L. Hollaar, A. van der Laarse, and R. M. Bertina Cholesterol or Triglyceride Loading of Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages by Incubation With Modified Lipoproteins Does Not Induce Tissue Factor Expression Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, February 1, 1999; 19(2): 384 - 392. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. E. Gutstein and V. Fuster Pathophysiology and clinical significance of atherosclerotic plaque rupture Cardiovasc Res, February 1, 1999; 41(2): 323 - 333. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. C. van der Wal and A. E. Becker Atherosclerotic plaque rupture - pathologic basis of plaque stability and instability Cardiovasc Res, February 1, 1999; 41(2): 334 - 344. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Depre, X. Havaux, J. Renkin, J. L. J. Vanoverschelde, and W. Wijns Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in human coronary atherosclerotic plaque Cardiovasc Res, February 1, 1999; 41(2): 465 - 472. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Z. Mallat, B. Hugel, J. Ohan, G. Leseche, J.-M. Freyssinet, and A. Tedgui Shed Membrane Microparticles With Procoagulant Potential in Human Atherosclerotic Plaques : A Role for Apoptosis in Plaque Thrombogenicity Circulation, January 26, 1999; 99(3): 348 - 353. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Engelmann, S. Zieseniss, K. Brand, S. Page, A. Lentschat, A. J. Ulmer, and E. Gerlach Tissue Factor Expression of Human Monocytes Is Suppressed by Lysophosphatidylcholine Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, January 1, 1999; 19(1): 47 - 53. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Dangas, R. Mehran, P. C. Harpel, S. K. Sharma, S. M. Marcovina, G. Dube, J. A. Ambrose, and J. T. Fallon Lipoprotein(a) and inflammation in human coronary atheroma: association with the severity of clinical presentation J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., December 1, 1998; 32(7): 2035 - 2042. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Marx, F.-J. Neumann, D. Zohlnhofer, T. Dickfeld, A. Fischer, S. Heimerl, and A. Schomig Enhancement of Monocyte Procoagulant Activity by Adhesion on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1–Transfected Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells Circulation, September 1, 1998; 98(9): 906 - 911. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. D. Gertz, J. T. Fallon, R. Gallo, M. B. Taubman, S. Banai, W. L. Barry, L. W. Gimple, Y. Nemerson, S. Thiruvikraman, S. S. Naidu, et al. Hirudin Reduces Tissue Factor Expression in Neointima After Balloon Injury in Rabbit Femoral and Porcine Coronary Arteries Circulation, August 11, 1998; 98(6): 580 - 587. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. V Tisi and C. P Shearman Biochemical and inflammatory changes in the exercising claudicant Vascular Medicine, August 1, 1998; 3(3): 189 - 198. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. K Shah Role of inflammation and metalloproteinases in plaque disruption and thrombosis Vascular Medicine, August 1, 1998; 3(3): 199 - 206. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Libby The interface of atherosclerosis and thrombosis: basic mechanisms Vascular Medicine, August 1, 1998; 3(3): 225 - 229. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Fuster, J. J. Badimon, and J. H Chesebro Atherothrombosis: mechanisms and clinical therapeutic approaches Vascular Medicine, August 1, 1998; 3(3): 231 - 239. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Jander, M. Sitzer, R. Schumann, M. Schroeter, M. Siebler, H. Steinmetz, and G. Stoll Inflammation in High-Grade Carotid Stenosis : A Possible Role for Macrophages and T Cells in Plaque Destabilization Stroke, August 1, 1998; 29(8): 1625 - 1630. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Theroux and V. Fuster Acute Coronary Syndromes : Unstable Angina and Non–Q-Wave Myocardial Infarction Circulation, March 31, 1998; 97(12): 1195 - 1206. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. S. Patel, R. Thiagarajan, J. T. Willerson, and E. T. H. Yeh Inhibition of {alpha}4 Integrin and ICAM-1 Markedly Attenuate Macrophage Homing to Atherosclerotic Plaques in ApoE-Deficient Mice Circulation, January 13, 1998; 97(1): 75 - 81. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. D. Schecter, B. J. Rollins, Y. J. Zhang, I. F. Charo, J. T. Fallon, M. Rossikhina, P. L. A. Giesen, Y. Nemerson, and M. B. Taubman Tissue Factor Is Induced by Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 in Human Aortic Smooth Muscle and THP-1 Cells J. Biol. Chem., November 7, 1997; 272(45): 28568 - 28573. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Mach, U. Schonbeck, J.-Y. Bonnefoy, J. S. Pober, and P. Libby Activation of Monocyte/Macrophage Functions Related to Acute Atheroma Complication by Ligation of CD40 : Induction of Collagenase, Stromelysin, and Tissue Factor Circulation, July 15, 1997; 96(2): 396 - 399. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. R. Moreno, V. H. Bernardi, J. Lopez-Cuellar, J. B. Newell, C. McMellon, H. K. Gold, I. F. Palacios, V. Fuster, and J. T. Fallon Macrophage Infiltration Predicts Restenosis After Coronary Intervention in Patients With Unstable Angina Circulation, December 15, 1996; 94(12): 3098 - 3102. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. a. Belaaouaj, A. Li, T.-C. Wun, H. G. Welgus, and S. D. Shapiro Matrix Metalloproteinases Cleave Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor. EFFECTS ON COAGULATION J. Biol. Chem., August 25, 2000; 275(35): 27123 - 27128. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. R. Moreno, R. A. Lodder, K. R. Purushothaman, W. E. Charash, W. N. O'Connor, and J. E. Muller Detection of Lipid Pool, Thin Fibrous Cap, and Inflammatory Cells in Human Aortic Atherosclerotic Plaques by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Circulation, February 26, 2002; 105(8): 923 - 927. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Baetta, M. Camera, C. Comparato, C. Altana, M. D. Ezekowitz, and E. Tremoli Fluvastatin Reduces Tissue Factor Expression and Macrophage Accumulation in Carotid Lesions of Cholesterol-Fed Rabbits in the Absence of Lipid Lowering Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, April 1, 2002; 22(4): 692 - 698. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|