(Circulation. 1996;94:2953-2960.)
© 1996 American Heart Association, Inc.
Articles |
Pacing-Induced Chronic Atrial Fibrillation Impairs Sinus Node Function in Dogs
Electrophysiological Remodeling
the Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, and the Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis.
Correspondence to Douglas P. Zipes, MD, Krannert Institute of Cardiology, 1111 W 10th St, Indianapolis, IN 46202-4800.
Background We assessed the effects of pacing-induced chronic atrial fibrillation (AF) on sinus node function, intra-atrial conduction, and atrial refractoriness.
Methods and Results In 15 mongrel dogs (20 to 30 kg), AV nodal block was produced by radiofrequency catheter ablation, and a ventricular-inhibited (VVI) pacemaker (Minix 8330, Medtronic) was implanted and programmed to pace at 80 pulses per minute. In 11 of these dogs, right atrial endocardial pacing leads were connected to a pulse generator (Itrel 7432, Medtronic) and set at a rate of 20 Hz to induce AF. Corrected sinus node recovery time, P-wave duration, 24-hour Holter ECG to assess AF duration, maximal heart rate in response to isoproterenol (10 µg/min), intrinsic heart rate after administration of atropine (0.04 mg/kg) and propranolol (0.1 mg/kg), and atrial effective refractory periods (ERPs) were obtained at baseline (EPS-1) and after 2 to 6 weeks (EPS-2) of VVI pacing alone (n=4) or VVI pacing and rapid atrial pacing (n=11). At EPS-2, corrected sinus node recovery time and P-wave duration were prolonged, maximal heart rate and intrinsic heart rate were decreased, atrial ERPs were shortened, and the duration of AF was increased significantly compared with EPS-1. These changes partially reversed toward baseline 1 week after conversion to sinus rhythm. Sinus node function and AF inducibility observed in the control dogs that underwent ventricular pacing alone (n=4) did not change.
Conclusions Pacing-induced chronic AF induces sinus node dysfunction, prolongs intra-atrial conduction time, shortens atrial refractoriness, and perpetuates AF, changes that reverse gradually after termination of AF.
Key Words: fibrillation • remodeling • electrophysiology • pacing
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  S.-M. Chaldoupi, P. Loh, R. N.W. Hauer, J. M.T. de Bakker, and H. V.M. van Rijen The role of connexin40 in atrial fibrillation Cardiovasc Res, October 1, 2009; 84(1): 15 - 23. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 V. V. Fedorov, R. B. Schuessler, M. Hemphill, C. M. Ambrosi, R. Chang, A. S. Voloshina, K. Brown, W. J. Hucker, and I. R. Efimov Structural and Functional Evidence for Discrete Exit Pathways That Connect the Canine Sinoatrial Node and Atria Circ. Res., April 10, 2009; 104(7): 915 - 923. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. K. Stiles, B. John, C. X. Wong, P. Kuklik, A. G. Brooks, D. H. Lau, H. Dimitri, K. C. Roberts-Thomson, L. Wilson, P. De Sciscio, et al. Paroxysmal lone atrial fibrillation is associated with an abnormal atrial substrate characterizing the "second factor". J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 7, 2009; 53(14): 1182 - 1191. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Dobrev Ion Channel Portrait of the Human Sinus Node: Useful for a Better Understanding of Sinus Node Function and Dysfunction in Humans? Circulation, March 31, 2009; 119(12): 1556 - 1558. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y.-H. Yeh, B. Burstein, X. Y. Qi, M. Sakabe, D. Chartier, P. Comtois, Z. Wang, C.-T. Kuo, and S. Nattel Funny Current Downregulation and Sinus Node Dysfunction Associated With Atrial Tachyarrhythmia: A Molecular Basis for Tachycardia-Bradycardia Syndrome Circulation, March 31, 2009; 119(12): 1576 - 1585. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Michael, L. Xiao, X.-Y. Qi, D. Dobrev, and S. Nattel Remodelling of cardiac repolarization: how homeostatic responses can lead to arrhythmogenesis Cardiovasc Res, February 15, 2009; 81(3): 491 - 499. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Fujii, H. Iranami, Y. Nakamura, and Y. Hatano Fentanyl Added to Propofol Anesthesia Elongates Sinus Node Recovery Time in Pediatric Patients with Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia Anesth. Analg., February 1, 2009; 108(2): 456 - 460. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Shiroshita-Takeshita, H. Mitamura, S. Ogawa, and S. Nattel Rate-dependence of atrial tachycardia effects on atrial refractoriness and atrial fibrillation maintenance Cardiovasc Res, January 1, 2009; 81(1): 90 - 97. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. M. Fored, F. Granath, F. Gadler, P. Blomqvist, J. Rynder, C. Linde, A. Ekbom, and M. Rosenqvist Atrial vs. dual-chamber cardiac pacing in sinus node disease: a register-based cohort study Europace, July 1, 2008; 10(7): 825 - 831. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. A. Hafid, H. C. Xin, W. Xi, Z. Q. Yan, and Y. Bo Difference between electrical remodelling after pulmonary veins and right atrium appendage pacing Europace, July 13, 2007; (2007) eum108v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Dobrzynski, M. R. Boyett, and R. H. Anderson New Insights Into Pacemaker Activity: Promoting Understanding of Sick Sinus Syndrome Circulation, April 10, 2007; 115(14): 1921 - 1932. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. C.M. Choisy, L. A. Arberry, J. C. Hancox, and A. F. James Increased Susceptibility to Atrial Tachyarrhythmia in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat Hearts Hypertension, March 1, 2007; 49(3): 498 - 505. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Cardin, E. Libby, P. Pelletier, S. Le Bouter, A. Shiroshita-Takeshita, N. Le Meur, J. Leger, S. Demolombe, A. Ponton, L. Glass, et al. Contrasting Gene Expression Profiles in Two Canine Models of Atrial Fibrillation Circ. Res., February 16, 2007; 100(3): 425 - 433. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Writing Committee Members, V. Fuster, L. E. Ryden, D. S. Cannom, H. J. Crijns, A. B. Curtis, K. A. Ellenbogen, J. L. Halperin, J.-Y. Le Heuzey, G. N. Kay, et al. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: full text: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2001 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation) Developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society Europace, September 1, 2006; 8(9): 651 - 745. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Fuster, L. E. Ryden, D. S. Cannom, H. J. Crijns, A. B. Curtis, K. A. Ellenbogen, J. L. Halperin, J.-Y. Le Heuzey, G. N. Kay, J. E. Lowe, et al. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2001 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation) Developed in Collaboration With the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 15, 2006; 48(4): e149 - e246. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Fuster, L. E. Ryden, D. S. Cannom, H. J. Crijns, A. B. Curtis, K. A. Ellenbogen, J. L. Halperin, J.-Y. Le Heuzey, G. N. Kay, J. E. Lowe, et al. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2001 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation): Developed in Collaboration With the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society Circulation, August 15, 2006; 114(7): e257 - e354. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Shiroshita-Takeshita, B. J.J.M. Brundel, J. Lavoie, and S. Nattel Prednisone prevents atrial fibrillation promotion by atrial tachycardia remodeling in dogs Cardiovasc Res, March 1, 2006; 69(4): 865 - 875. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Zhang, H. Yamada, S. Bibevski, S. Zhuang, K. A. Mowrey, D. W. Wallick, S. Oh, and T. N. Mazgalev Chronic Atrioventricular Nodal Vagal Stimulation: First Evidence for Long-Term Ventricular Rate Control in Canine Atrial Fibrillation Model Circulation, November 8, 2005; 112(19): 2904 - 2911. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. A. Vest, X. H.T. Wehrens, S. R. Reiken, S. E. Lehnart, D. Dobrev, P. Chandra, P. Danilo, U. Ravens, M. R. Rosen, and A. R. Marks Defective Cardiac Ryanodine Receptor Regulation During Atrial Fibrillation Circulation, April 26, 2005; 111(16): 2025 - 2032. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 O A Obel and C Davidson Arrhythmias in an athlete: the effect of de-training Postgrad. Med. J., January 1, 2005; 81(951): 62 - 64. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Shiroshita-Takeshita, G. Schram, J. Lavoie, and S. Nattel Effect of Simvastatin and Antioxidant Vitamins on Atrial Fibrillation Promotion by Atrial-Tachycardia Remodeling in Dogs Circulation, October 19, 2004; 110(16): 2313 - 2319. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Sanders, P. M. Kistler, J. B. Morton, S. J. Spence, and J. M. Kalman Remodeling of Sinus Node Function in Patients With Congestive Heart Failure: Reduction in Sinus Node Reserve Circulation, August 24, 2004; 110(8): 897 - 903. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Troise, M. Cirillo, F. Brunelli, G. Tasca, A. Amaducci, Z. Mhagna, M. Dalla Tomba, and E. Quaini Mid-term results of cardiac autotransplantation as method to treat permanent atrial fibrillation and mitral disease Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., June 1, 2004; 25(6): 1025 - 1031. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. P. Zipes The year in electrophysiology J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 7, 2004; 43(7): 1306 - 1314. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Sanders, J. B. Morton, P. M. Kistler, S. J. Spence, N. C. Davidson, A. Hussin, J. K. Vohra, P. B. Sparks, and J. M. Kalman Electrophysiological and Electroanatomic Characterization of the Atria in Sinus Node Disease: Evidence of Diffuse Atrial Remodeling Circulation, March 30, 2004; 109(12): 1514 - 1522. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. Dun, P. Chandra, P. Danilo Jr., M. R. Rosen, and P. A. Boyden Chronic atrial fibrillation does not further decrease outward currents. It increases them. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, October 1, 2003; 285(4): H1378 - H1384. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Sanders, J. B. Morton, N. C. Davidson, S. J. Spence, J. K. Vohra, P. B. Sparks, and J. M. Kalman Electrical Remodeling of the Atria in Congestive Heart Failure: Electrophysiological and Electroanatomic Mapping in Humans Circulation, September 23, 2003; 108(12): 1461 - 1468. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Hocini, P. Sanders, I. Deisenhofer, P. Jais, L.-F. Hsu, C. Scavee, R. Weerasoriya, F. Raybaud, L. Macle, D. C. Shah, et al. Reverse Remodeling of Sinus Node Function After Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Prolonged Sinus Pauses Circulation, September 9, 2003; 108(10): 1172 - 1175. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. B. Morton, P. Sanders, J. K. Vohra, P. B. Sparks, J. G. Morgan, S. J. Spence, L. E. Grigg, and J. M. Kalman Effect of Chronic Right Atrial Stretch on Atrial Electrical Remodeling in Patients With an Atrial Septal Defect Circulation, April 8, 2003; 107(13): 1775 - 1782. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Miyata, D. P. Zipes, S. Hall, and M. Rubart KB-R7943 Prevents Acute, Atrial Fibrillation-Induced Shortening of Atrial Refractoriness in Anesthetized Dogs Circulation, September 10, 2002; 106(11): 1410 - 1419. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. J.J.M. Brundel, R. H. Henning, H. H. Kampinga, I. C. Van Gelder, and H. J.G.M. Crijns Molecular mechanisms of remodeling in human atrial fibrillation Cardiovasc Res, May 1, 2002; 54(2): 315 - 324. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Nattel Therapeutic implications of atrial fibrillation mechanisms: can mechanistic insights be used to improve AF management? Cardiovasc Res, May 1, 2002; 54(2): 347 - 360. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. J.J.M Brundel, J. Ausma, I. C van Gelder, J. J.L Van Der Want, W. H van Gilst, H. J.G.M Crijns, and R. H Henning Activation of proteolysis by calpains and structural changes in human paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation Cardiovasc Res, May 1, 2002; 54(2): 380 - 389. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. L.J.L Thijssen, H. M.W van der Velden, E. P van Ankeren, J. Ausma, M. A Allessie, M. Borgers, G. J.J.M van Eys, and H. J Jongsma Analysis of altered gene expression during sustained atrial fibrillation in the goat Cardiovasc Res, May 1, 2002; 54(2): 427 - 437. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Shinagawa, H. Mitamura, S. Ogawa, and S. Nattel Effects of inhibiting Na+/H+-exchange or angiotensin converting enzyme on atrial tachycardia-induced remodeling Cardiovasc Res, May 1, 2002; 54(2): 438 - 446. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. P. Anyukhovsky, E. A. Sosunov, A. Plotnikov, R. Z. Gainullin, J. S. Jhang, C. C. Marboe, and M. R. Rosen Cellular electrophysiologic properties of old canine atria provide a substrate for arrhythmogenesis Cardiovasc Res, May 1, 2002; 54(2): 462 - 469. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Shinagawa, D. Li, T. K. Leung, and S. Nattel Consequences of Atrial Tachycardia-Induced Remodeling Depend on the Preexisting Atrial Substrate Circulation, January 15, 2002; 105(2): 251 - 257. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. P. van den Berg and I. C. van Gelder Atrial fibrillation and sinus node dysfunction J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 1, 2001; 38(5): 1585 - 1585. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Shi, A. Ducharme, D. Li, R. Gaspo, S. Nattel, and J.-C. Tardif Remodeling of atrial dimensions and emptying function in canine models of atrial fibrillation Cardiovasc Res, November 1, 2001; 52(2): 217 - 225. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines and Policy Conferences (Committee to develop guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation) developed in collaboration with the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology Eur. Heart J., October 2, 2001; 22(20): 1852 - 1923. [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S.P Fynn, D.M Todd, W.J.C Hobbs, K.L Armstrong, and C.J Garratt Role of dispersion of atrial refractoriness in the recurrence of clinical atrial fibrillation. A manifestation of atrial electrical remodelling in humans? Eur. Heart J., October 1, 2001; 22(19): 1822 - 1834. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Fuster, L. E. Ryden, R. W. Asinger, D. S. Cannom, H. J. Crijns, R. L. Frye, J. L. Halperin, G. N. Kay, W. W. Klein, S. Levy, et al. ACC/AHA/ESC guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines and Policy Conferences (Committee to Develop Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation) Developed in Collaboration With the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 1, 2001; 38(4): 1266 - 1266. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. L.J.L. Thijssen, J. Ausma, and M. Borgers Structural remodelling during chronic atrial fibrillation: act of programmed cell survival Cardiovasc Res, October 1, 2001; 52(1): 14 - 24. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Polontchouk, J.-A. Haefliger, B. Ebelt, T. Schaefer, D. Stuhlmann, U. Mehlhorn, F. Kuhn-Regnier, E. R. De Vivie, and S. Dhein Effects of chronic atrial fibrillation on gap junction distribution in human and rat atria J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 1, 2001; 38(3): 883 - 891. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Ramanna, A. Elvan, F. H. M. Wittkampf, J. M. T. de Bakker, R. N. W. Hauer, and E. O. Robles de Medina Increased dispersion and shortened refractoriness caused by verapamil in chronic atrial fibrillation J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 1, 2001; 37(5): 1403 - 1407. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Allessie, P. A. Boyden, A. J. Camm, A. G. Kleber, M. J. Lab, M. J. Legato, M. R. Rosen, P. J. Schwartz, P. M. Spooner, D. R. Van Wagoner, et al. Pathophysiology and Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation Circulation, February 6, 2001; 103(5): 769 - 777. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Gaita, L. Calo, R. Riccardi, L. Garberoglio, M. Scaglione, G. Licciardello, L. Coda, P. Di Donna, M. Bocchiardo, D. Caponi, et al. Different patterns of atrial activation in idiopathic atrial fibrillation: simultaneous multisite atrial mapping in patients with paroxysmal and chronic atrial fibrillation J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., February 1, 2001; 37(2): 534 - 541. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. J. Meurling, J. E. P. Waktare, F. Holmqvist, A. Hedman, A. J. Camm, S. B. Olsson, and M. Malik Diurnal variations of the dominant cycle length of chronic atrial fibrillation Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, January 1, 2001; 280(1): H401 - H406. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. B. Sparks, S. Jayaprakash, J. K. Vohra, and J. M. Kalman Electrical Remodeling of the Atria Associated With Paroxysmal and Chronic Atrial Flutter Circulation, October 10, 2000; 102(15): 1807 - 1813. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. S. Friedman, M. Win, A. Hussain, and A. Sinha Effects of Cardiac Glycosides on Atrial Contractile Dysfunction After Short-term Atrial Fibrillation Chest, October 1, 2000; 118(4): 1116 - 1126. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. H. Everett IV, H. Li, J. M. Mangrum, I. D. McRury, M. A. Mitchell, J. A. Redick, and D. E. Haines Electrical, Morphological, and Ultrastructural Remodeling and Reverse Remodeling in a Canine Model of Chronic Atrial Fibrillation Circulation, September 19, 2000; 102(12): 1454 - 1460. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. J. Sih, D. P. Zipes, E. J. Berbari, D. E. Adams, and J. E. Olgin Differences in organization between acute and chronic atrial fibrillation in dogs J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 1, 2000; 36(3): 924 - 931. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C.J. Garratt and S.P. Fynn Atrial electrical remodelling and atrial fibrillation QJM, September 1, 2000; 93(9): 563 - 565. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. G. Manios, E. M. Kanoupakis, G. I. Chlouverakis, M. D. Kaleboubas, H. E. Mavrakis, and P. E. Vardas Changes in atrial electrical properties following cardioversion of chronic atrial fibrillation: relation with recurrence Cardiovasc Res, August 1, 2000; 47(2): 244 - 253. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Li, A. Benardeau, and S. Nattel Contrasting Efficacy of Dofetilide in Differing Experimental Models of Atrial Fibrillation Circulation, July 4, 2000; 102(1): 104 - 112. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. V. Jayachandran, D. P. Zipes, J. Weksler, and J. E. Olgin Role of the Na+/H+ Exchanger in Short-Term Atrial Electrophysiological Remodeling Circulation, April 18, 2000; 101(15): 1861 - 1866. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. J. C. Hobbs, S. Fynn, D. M. Todd, P. Wolfson, M. Galloway, and C. J. Garratt Reversal of Atrial Electrical Remodeling After Cardioversion of Persistent Atrial Fibrillation in Humans Circulation, March 14, 2000; 101(10): 1145 - 1151. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. V. Jayachandran, H. J. Sih, W. Winkle, D. P. Zipes, G. D. Hutchins, and J. E. Olgin Atrial Fibrillation Produced by Prolonged Rapid Atrial Pacing Is Associated With Heterogeneous Changes in Atrial Sympathetic Innervation Circulation, March 14, 2000; 101(10): 1185 - 1191. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. B. Sparks, H. G. Mond, J. K. Vohra, S. Jayaprakash, and J. M. Kalman Electrical Remodeling of the Atria Following Loss of Atrioventricular Synchrony : A Long-Term Study in Humans Circulation, November 2, 1999; 100(18): 1894 - 1900. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. F. Bosch, X. Zeng, J. B. Grammer, K. Popovic, C. Mewis, and V. Kuhlkamp Ionic mechanisms of electrical remodeling in human atrial fibrillation Cardiovasc Res, October 1, 1999; 44(1): 121 - 131. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Nattel Ionic Determinants of Atrial Fibrillation and Ca2+ Channel Abnormalities : Cause, Consequence, or Innocent Bystander? Circ. Res., September 3, 1999; 85(5): 473 - 476. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Z. A. Szalay, W. Skwara, H.-F. Pitschner, I. Faude, W.-P. Klovekorn, and E. P. Bauer Midterm results after the mini-maze procedure Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., September 1, 1999; 16(3): 306 - 311. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Li, S. Fareh, T. K. Leung, and S. Nattel Promotion of Atrial Fibrillation by Heart Failure in Dogs : Atrial Remodeling of a Different Sort Circulation, July 6, 1999; 100(1): 87 - 95. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Nattel Atrial electrophysiological remodeling caused by rapid atrial activation: underlying mechanisms and clinical relevance to atrial fibrillation Cardiovasc Res, May 1, 1999; 42(2): 298 - 308. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Gaspo, H. Sun, S. Fareh, M. Levi, L. Yue, B. G. Allen, T. E. Hebert, and S. Nattel Dihydropyridine and beta adrenergic receptor binding in dogs with tachycardia-induced atrial fibrillation Cardiovasc Res, May 1, 1999; 42(2): 434 - 442. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W.-C. Yu, S.-H. Lee, C.-T. Tai, C.-F. Tsai, M.-H. Hsieh, C.-C. Chen, Y.-A. Ding, M.-S. Chang, and S.-A. Chen Reversal of atrial electrical remodeling following cardioversion of long-standing atrial fibrillation in man Cardiovasc Res, May 1, 1999; 42(2): 470 - 476. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Courtemanche, R. J Ramirez, and S. Nattel Ionic targets for drug therapy and atrial fibrillation-induced electrical remodeling: insights from a mathematical model Cardiovasc Res, May 1, 1999; 42(2): 477 - 489. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Yue, P. Melnyk, R. Gaspo, Z. Wang, and S. Nattel Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Ionic Remodeling in a Dog Model of Atrial Fibrillation Circ. Res., April 16, 1999; 84(7): 776 - 784. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S.-H. Lee, F.-Y. Lin, W.-C. Yu, J.-J. Cheng, P. Kuan, C.-R. Hung, M.-S. Chang, and S.-A. Chen Regional Differences in the Recovery Course of Tachycardia-Induced Changes of Atrial Electrophysiological Properties Circulation, March 9, 1999; 99(9): 1255 - 1264. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C.J. Meurling, M.P. Ingemansson, A. Roijer, J. Carlson, C.J. Lindholm, B. Smideberg, L. Sorno, M. Stridh, and S.B. Olsson Attenuation of electrical remodelling in chronic atrial fibrillation following oral treatment with verapamil Europace, January 1, 1999; 1(4): 234 - 241. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Pandozi, L. Bianconi, M. Villani, G. Gentilucci, A. Castro, G. Altamura, A. P. Jesi, F. Lamberti, F. Ammirati, and M. Santini Electrophysiological Characteristics of the Human Atria After Cardioversion of Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Circulation, December 22, 1998; 98(25): 2860 - 2865. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Minamino, M. Kitakaze, S. Sanada, H. Asanuama, T. Kurotobi, Y. Koretsune, M. Fukunami, T. Kuzuya, N. Hoki, and M. Hori Increased Expression of P-Selectin on Platelets Is a Risk Factor for Silent Cerebral Infarction in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation : Role of Nitric Oxide Circulation, October 27, 1998; 98(17): 1721 - 1727. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. D. Hoit, Y. Shao, and M. Gabel Left atrial systolic and diastolic function accompanying chronic rapid pacing-induced atrial failure Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, July 1, 1998; 275(1): H183 - H189. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W.-C. Yu, S.-A. Chen, S.-H. Lee, C.-T. Tai, A.-N. Feng, B. I.-T. Kuo, Y.-A. Ding, and M.-S. Chang Tachycardia-Induced Change of Atrial Refractory Period in Humans : Rate Dependency and Effects of Antiarrhythmic Drugs Circulation, June 16, 1998; 97(23): 2331 - 2337. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Gaspo, R. F. Bosch, E. Bou-Abboud, and S. Nattel Tachycardia-Induced Changes in Na+ Current in a Chronic Dog Model of Atrial Fibrillation Circ. Res., December 19, 1997; 81(6): 1045 - 1052. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Gaspo, R. F. Bosch, M. Talajic, and S. Nattel Functional Mechanisms Underlying Tachycardia-Induced Sustained Atrial Fibrillation in a Chronic Dog Model Circulation, December 2, 1997; 96(11): 4027 - 4035. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Elvan, X.-d. Huang, M. L. Pressler, and D. P. Zipes Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of the Atria Eliminates Pacing-Induced Sustained Atrial Fibrillation and Reduces Connexin 43 in Dogs Circulation, September 2, 1997; 96(5): 1675 - 1685. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. P. Zipes Electrophysiological Remodeling of the Heart Owing to Rate Circulation, April 1, 1997; 95(7): 1745 - 1748. [Full Text]
|
|