(Circulation. 1996;94:19-25.)
© 1996 American Heart Association, Inc.
Articles |
Modulation of Oxidant Stress In Vivo in Chronic Cigarette Smokers
Presented in part at the annual meeting of the American Society for Clinical Investigation, Washington, DC, May 1994, and at the Ninth International Conference on Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, Florence, Italy, August 1994.
From the Center for Experimental Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
Background Free radical–induced oxidative damage
is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of diseases associated
with cigarette smoking. We examined the production of
8-epi-prostaglandin (PG)
F2
, a stable product of lipid
peroxidation in vivo, and its modulation by aspirin and antioxidant
vitamins in chronic cigarette smokers.
Methods and Results We performed the following studies: (1)
a cross-sectional comparison of smokers and control subjects, (2)
an examination of the dose-response relationship, (3) an
exploration of the effect of smoking cessation (3 weeks) and
nicotine patch supplementation, (4) the effect of aspirin
consumption, and (5) the effects of 5 days' dosing with vitamin E (100
and 800 U), vitamin C (2 g), and their combination.
8-epi-PGF2 excretion (in
pmol/mmol, mean±SEM) was 176.5±30.6 in heavy smokers, 92.7±4.8
(P<.05) in moderate smokers, and 54.1±2.7
(P<.005) in nonsmokers. Urinary levels fell from
145.5±24.9 to 114.6±27.1 (week 2, P<.05) and 112.6±24.9
(week 3, P<.05) on cessation of smoking. Aspirin treatment
failed to suppress urinary levels of
8-epi-PGF2 despite a significant
reduction in urinary 11-dehydro-TxB2 production and
suppression of 8-epi-PGF2 and
TxB2 in serum. Vitamin C (pre, 194.6±40.9; post,
137.2±34.1; P<.05) and a combination of vitamin C and E
(pre, 171.0±39.8; post, 133.5±29.6; P<.05) suppressed
urinary 8-epi-PGF2,
whereas vitamin E alone had no effect.
Conclusions Urinary
8-epi-PGF2 may represent
a noninvasive, quantitative index of oxidant stress in vivo. Elevated
levels of 8-epi-PGF2 in smokers
may be modulated by quitting cigarettes and switching to nicotine
patches or by antioxidant vitamin therapy.
Key Words: smoking • prostaglandins • free radicals • isoprostanes • 8-epi-PGF2
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L. Iuliano, D. Pratico, C. Greco, E. Mangieri, G. Scibilia, G. A. FitzGerald, and F. Violi Angioplasty increases coronary sinus F2-isoprostane formation: evidence for in vivo oxidative stress during PTCA J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 1, 2001; 37(1): 76 - 80. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 B. Pignatelli, C.-Q. Li, P. Boffetta, Q. Chen, W. Ahrens, F. Nyberg, A. Mukeria, I. Bruske-Hohlfeld, C. Fortes, V. Constantinescu, et al. Nitrated and Oxidized Plasma Proteins in Smokers and Lung Cancer Patients Cancer Res., January 1, 2001; 61(2): 778 - 784. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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 L. J. Janssen, M. Premji, S. Netherton, A. Catalli, G. Cox, S. Keshavjee, and D. J. Crankshaw Excitatory and Inhibitory Actions of Isoprostanes in Human and Canine Airway Smooth Muscle J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., November 1, 2000; 295(2): 506 - 511. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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E. Porkkala-Sarataho, J. T. Salonen, K. Nyyssonen, J. Kaikkonen, R. Salonen, U. Ristonmaa, U. Diczfalusy, R. Brigelius-Flohe, S. Loft, and H. E. Poulsen Long-Term Effects of Vitamin E, Vitamin C, and Combined Supplementation on Urinary 7-Hydro-8-Oxo-2'-Deoxyguanosine, Serum Cholesterol Oxidation Products, and Oxidation Resistance of Lipids in Nondepleted Men Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., September 1, 2000; 20(9): 2087 - 2093. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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F. Cipollone, G. Ciabattoni, P. Patrignani, M. Pasquale, D. Di Gregorio, T. Bucciarelli, G. Davi, F. Cuccurullo, and C. Patrono Oxidant Stress and Aspirin-Insensitive Thromboxane Biosynthesis in Severe Unstable Angina Circulation, August 29, 2000; 102(9): 1007 - 1013. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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B. Halliwell Lipid peroxidation, antioxidants and cardiovascular disease: how should we move forward? Cardiovasc Res, August 18, 2000; 47(3): 410 - 418. [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Mezzetti, F. Cipollone, and F. Cuccurullo Oxidative stress and cardiovascular complications in diabetes: isoprostanes as new markers on an old paradigm Cardiovasc Res, August 18, 2000; 47(3): 475 - 488. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. Patrignani, M. R. Panara, S. Tacconelli, F. Seta, T. Bucciarelli, G. Ciabattoni, P. Alessandrini, A. Mezzetti, G. Santini, M. G. Sciulli, et al. Effects of Vitamin E Supplementation on F2-Isoprostane and Thromboxane Biosynthesis in Healthy Cigarette Smokers Circulation, August 1, 2000; 102(5): 539 - 545. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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B. Frey, R. Haupt, S. Alms, G. Holzmann, T. König, H. Kern, W. Kox, B. Rüstow, and M. Schlame Increase in fragmented phosphatidylcholine in blood plasma by oxidative stress J. Lipid Res., July 1, 2000; 41(7): 1145 - 1153. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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R. A Riemersma, K. F Carruthers, R. A Elton, and K. A. Fox Vitamin C and the risk of acute myocardial infarction Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, May 1, 2000; 71(5): 1181 - 1186. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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O. T. Raitakari, M. R. Adams, R. J. McCredie, K. A. Griffiths, R. Stocker, and D. S. Celermajer Oral vitamin C and endothelial function in smokers: short-term improvement, but no sustained beneficial effect J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 1, 2000; 35(6): 1616 - 1621. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Heitzer, C. Brockhoff, B. Mayer, A. Warnholtz, H. Mollnau, S. Henne, T. Meinertz, and T. Munzel Tetrahydrobiopterin Improves Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation in Chronic Smokers : Evidence for a Dysfunctional Nitric Oxide Synthase Circ. Res., February 4, 2000; 86 (2): e36 - e41. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Neunteufl, U. Priglinger, S. Heher, M. Zehetgruber, G. Soregi, S. Lehr, K. Huber, G. Maurer, F. Weidinger, and K. Kostner Effects of vitamin E on chronic and acute endothelial dysfunction in smokers J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., February 1, 2000; 35(2): 277 - 283. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Burke, J. A. Lawson, E. A. Meagher, J. Rokach, and G. A. FitzGerald Specific Analysis in Plasma and Urine of 2,3-Dinor-5,6-dihydro-isoprostane F2alpha -III, a Metabolite of Isoprostane F2alpha -III and an Oxidation Product of gamma -Linolenic Acid J. Biol. Chem., January 28, 2000; 275(4): 2499 - 2504. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. Södergren, J. Cederberg, S. Basu, and B. Vessby Vitamin E Supplementation Decreases Basal Levels of F2-Isoprostanes and Prostaglandin F2{alpha} in Rats J. Nutr., January 1, 2000; 130(1): 10 - 14. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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J. A. Lawson, J. Rokach, and G. A. FitzGerald Isoprostanes: Formation, Analysis and Use As Indices of Lipid Peroxidation in Vivo J. Biol. Chem., August 27, 1999; 274(35): 24441 - 24444. [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Reza Mehrabi, C. Ekmekcioglu, F. Tatzber, A. Oguogho, R. Ullrich, A. Morgan, F. Tamaddon, M. Grimm, H. D Glogar, and H. Sinzinger The isoprostane, 8-epi-PGF2{alpha}, is accumulated in coronary arteries isolated from patients with coronary heart disease Cardiovasc Res, August 1, 1999; 43(2): 492 - 499. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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OÒs. Miro, J. R. Alonso, D. Jarreta, J. Casademont, A. Urbano-Marquez, and F. Cardellach Smoking disturbs mitochondrial respiratory chain function and enhances lipid peroxidation on human circulating lymphocytes Carcinogenesis, July 1, 1999; 20(7): 1331 - 1336. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. BRIGELIUS-FLOHÉ and M. G. TRABER Vitamin E: function and metabolism FASEB J, July 1, 1999; 13(10): 1145 - 1155. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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A. C Carr and B. Frei Toward a new recommended dietary allowance for vitamin C based on antioxidant and health effects in humans Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, June 1, 1999; 69(6): 1086 - 1107. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. CARR and B. FREI Does vitamin C act as a pro-oxidant under physiological conditions? FASEB J, June 1, 1999; 13(9): 1007 - 1024. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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 D. Pratico, D. Ferro, L. Iuliano, J. Rokach, F. Conti, G. Valesini, G. A. FitzGerald, and F. Violi Ongoing Prothrombotic State in Patients With Antiphospholipid Antibodies: A Role for Increased Lipid Peroxidation Blood, May 15, 1999; 93(10): 3401 - 3407. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. Wever, P. Boer, M. Hijmering, E. Stroes, M. Verhaar, J. Kastelein, K. Versluis, F. Lagerwerf, H. van Rijn, H. Koomans, et al. Nitric Oxide Production Is Reduced in Patients With Chronic Renal Failure Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., May 1, 1999; 19(5): 1168 - 1172. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. Ferro, S. Basili, D. Pratico, L. Iuliano, G. A. FitzGerald, and F. Violi Vitamin E Reduces Monocyte Tissue Factor Expression in Cirrhotic Patients Blood, May 1, 1999; 93(9): 2945 - 2950. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Heitzer, S. Y. Herttuala, E. Wild, J. Luoma, and H. Drexler Effect of vitamin E on endothelial vasodilator function in patients with hypercholesterolemia, chronic smoking or both J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., February 1, 1999; 33(2): 499 - 505. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. Davi, G. Ciabattoni, A. Consoli, A. Mezzetti, A. Falco, S. Santarone, E. Pennese, E. Vitacolonna, T. Bucciarelli, F. Costantini, et al. In Vivo Formation of 8-Iso-Prostaglandin F2{alpha} and Platelet Activation in Diabetes Mellitus : Effects of Improved Metabolic Control and Vitamin E Supplementation Circulation, January 19, 1999; 99(2): 224 - 229. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. Chiabrando, A. Valagussa, C. Rivalta, T. Durand, A. Guy, E. Zuccato, P. Villa, J.-C. Rossi, and R. Fanelli Identification and Measurement of Endogenous beta -Oxidation Metabolites of 8-epi-Prostaglandin F2alpha J. Biol. Chem., January 15, 1999; 274(3): 1313 - 1319. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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