Circulation, Vol 90, 1731-1738, Copyright © 1994 by American Heart Association
JD Rutherford, MA Pfeffer, LA Moye, BR Davis, GC Flaker, PR Kowey, GA Lamas, HS Miller, M Packer and JL Rouleau
BACKGROUND: In the Survival and Ventricular Enlargement (SAVE) trial,
recurrent myocardial infarction (MI) was the most important predictor of a
poor outcome and conferred a sevenfold increase in risk of death. The
purpose of this study was to determine the predictors of recurrent MI in
study participants and to examine the influence of the
angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril on this and other
myocardial ischemic events. METHODS AND RESULTS: The 2231 patients had
survived the acute phase of MI (3 to 16 days) and had a radionuclide
ventricular ejection fraction < or = 40%. Patients were randomly
assigned to receive double-blind treatment with either placebo or captopril
and were followed for an average of 42 months. The influence of captopril
on recurrent MI, cardiac revascularization procedures, and hospitalization
with unstable angina was examined. The likelihood of recurrent MI was
greater in patients with an MI or functional disability before the index
infarction and higher systolic pressure (all P < .001) but was not
influenced by baseline left ventricular ejection fraction. Therapy with
captopril reduced the risk of development of recurrent MI by 25% (95%
confidence intervals, 5% to 40%; P = .015) and the risk of death after
recurrent MI by 32% (95% confidence intervals, 4% to 51%; P = .029).
Captopril-assigned patients were also less likely to require cardiac
revascularization procedures (P = .010), but hospitalization for unstable
angina was unaltered. When all three of these major coronary ischemic
events were considered together, captopril therapy reduced the risk (14%
risk reduction; 95% confidence intervals, 0% to 26%; P = .047).
CONCLUSIONS: In post-MI patients with asymptomatic left ventricular
dysfunction, long-term administration of captopril reduced recurrence of MI
and the need for cardiac revascularization but had no influence on the rate
of hospitalization with a discharge diagnosis of unstable angina. The
finding that the recurrence of MI was independent of left ventricular
ejection fraction suggests that captopril could be useful in preventing
recurrent MI in patients with more preserved left ventricular function. The
need for cardiac revascularization was reduced in patients receiving
long-term captopril therapy, suggesting either an anti- ischemic effect or
the ability of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor to modify the
atherosclerotic process in survivors of MI.
ARTICLES
Effects of captopril on ischemic events after myocardial infarction. Results of the Survival and Ventricular Enlargement trial. SAVE Investigators
Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  S. A. Hunt, W. T. Abraham, M. H. Chin, A. M. Feldman, G. S. Francis, T. G. Ganiats, M. Jessup, M. A. Konstam, D. M. Mancini, K. Michl, et al. 2009 Focused Update Incorporated Into the ACC/AHA 2005 Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines Developed in Collaboration With the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 14, 2009; 53(15): e1 - e90. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 2005 WRITING COMMITTEE MEMBERS, S. A. Hunt, W. T. Abraham, M. H. Chin, A. M. Feldman, G. S. Francis, T. G. Ganiats, M. Jessup, M. A. Konstam, D. M. Mancini, et al. 2009 Focused Update Incorporated Into the ACC/AHA 2005 Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines: Developed in Collaboration With the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation Circulation, April 14, 2009; 119(14): e391 - e479. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. A. Cutler and B. R. Davis Thiazide-Type Diuretics and {beta}-Adrenergic Blockers as First-Line Drug Treatments for Hypertension Circulation, May 20, 2008; 117(20): 2691 - 2705. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Gupta, S. Verma, and G B J. Mancini ACE inhibitors: back to prime time? Heart, September 1, 2007; 93(9): 1015 - 1016. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Briggs, B. Mihaylova, M. Sculpher, A. Hall, J. Wolstenholme, M. Simoons, J. Deckers, R. Ferrari, W. J Remme, M. Bertrand, et al. Cost effectiveness of perindopril in reducing cardiovascular events in patients with stable coronary artery disease using data from the EUROPA study Heart, September 1, 2007; 93(9): 1081 - 1086. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. L. Anderson, C. D. Adams, E. M. Antman, C. R. Bridges, R. M. Califf, D. E. Casey Jr, W. E. Chavey II, F. M. Fesmire, J. S. Hochman, T. N. Levin, et al. ACC/AHA 2007 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2002 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction) Developed in Collaboration with the American College of Emergency Physicians, the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Endorsed by the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation and the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 14, 2007; 50(7): e1 - e157. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. F. Mitchell, M. E. Dunlap, W. Warnica, A. Ducharme, J. M. O. Arnold, J.-C. Tardif, S. D. Solomon, M. J. Domanski, K. A. Jablonski, M. M. Rice, et al. Long-Term Trandolapril Treatment Is Associated With Reduced Aortic Stiffness: The Prevention of Events With Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition Hemodynamic Substudy Hypertension, June 1, 2007; 49(6): 1271 - 1277. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Donnelly and G. Manning Review: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and coronary heart disease prevention Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, March 1, 2007; 8(1): 13 - 22. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. A. Pfeffer and E. D. Frohlich Improvements in clinical outcomes with the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: cross-fertilization between clinical and basic investigation Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, November 1, 2006; 291(5): H2021 - H2025. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Sulfi and A. D Timmis Review: Heart failure complicating acute myocardial infarction in patients with diabetes: pathophysiology and management strategies The British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease, September 1, 2006; 6(5): 191 - 196. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Vanoli and P. B. Adamson What does the future hold for the management of chronic heart failure? Eur. Heart J. Suppl., June 1, 2006; 8(suppl_C): C51 - C57. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. H. Al-Mallah, I. M. Tleyjeh, A. A. Abdel-Latif, and W. D. Weaver Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors in Coronary Artery Disease and Preserved Left Ventricular Systolic Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 18, 2006; 47(8): 1576 - 1583. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. McMurray, S. Solomon, K. Pieper, S. Reed, J. Rouleau, E. Velazquez, H. White, J. Howlett, K. Swedberg, A. Maggioni, et al. The Effect of Valsartan, Captopril, or Both on Atherosclerotic Events After Acute Myocardial Infarction: An Analysis of the Valsartan in Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial (VALIANT) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., February 21, 2006; 47(4): 726 - 733. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. M. Krumholz, J. L. Anderson, N. H. Brooks, F. M. Fesmire, C. T. Lambrew, M. B. Landrum, W. D. Weaver, J. Whyte, R. O. Bonow, S. J. Bennett, et al. ACC/AHA Clinical Performance Measures for Adults With ST-Elevation and Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Performance Measures (Writing Committee to Develop Performance Measures on ST-Elevation and Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 3, 2006; 47(1): 236 - 265. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Ramrakha and J. Hill Chapter 15 Major trials in cardiology Oxford Handbook of Cardiology, January 1, 2006; 1(1): med-9780198525974-chapter - med-9780198525974-chapter. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. A. Daly, K. M. Fox, W. J. Remme, M. E. Bertrand, R. Ferrari, M. L. Simoons, and on behalf of the EUROPA investigators The effect of perindopril on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes in the EUROPA study: results from the PERSUADE substudy Eur. Heart J., July 2, 2005; 26(14): 1369 - 1378. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Bansal, V. Gaddam, Y. W. Aude, J. Bissett, I. Fahdi, L. Garza, J. Joseph, B. Molavi, B. V. Pai, A. Sinha, et al. Trends in the Care of Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction at a University-Affiliated Veterans Afffairs Medical Center Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, January 1, 2005; 10(1): 39 - 44. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 The PEACE Trial Investigators Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme Inhibition in Stable Coronary Artery Disease N. Engl. J. Med., November 11, 2004; 351(20): 2058 - 2068. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R.A. Anderson, G.R. Ellis, Y.Y. Chirkov, A.S. Holmes, N. Payne, D.J. Blackman, S.K. Jackson, M.J. Lewis, J.D. Horowitz, and M.P. Frenneaux Determinants of platelet responsiveness to nitric oxide in patients with chronic heart failure Eur J Heart Fail, January 1, 2004; 6(1): 47 - 54. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. T Hirsch and D. Duprez The potential role of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in peripheral arterial disease Vascular Medicine, November 1, 2003; 8(4): 273 - 278. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C Coletta, A Sestili, F Seccareccia, R Rambaldi, R Ricci, A Galati, R Bigi, N Aspromonte, M Renzi, and V Ceci Influence of contractile reserve and inducible ischaemia on left ventricular remodelling after acute myocardial infarction Heart, October 1, 2003; 89(10): 1138 - 1143. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. M. Gibson, J. Karha, S. A. Murphy, D. James, D. A. Morrow, C. P. Cannon, R. P. Giugliano, E. M. Antman, E. Braunwald, and TIMI Study Group Early and long-term clinical outcomes associated with reinfarction following fibrinolytic administration in the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction trials J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 2, 2003; 42(1): 7 - 16. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W.J. Remme Reconsider the management of all coronary artery disease patients: Importance of the EUROPA trial Eur. Heart J. Suppl., July 1, 2003; 5(suppl_E): E23 - E30. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. M. Singh and J. L. Mehta Interactions Between the Renin-Angiotensin System and Dyslipidemia: Relevance in the Therapy of Hypertension and Coronary Heart Disease Arch Intern Med, June 9, 2003; 163(11): 1296 - 1304. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. M.H. Wing, C. M. Reid, P. Ryan, L. J. Beilin, M. A. Brown, G. L.R. Jennings, C. I. Johnston, J. J. McNeil, G. J. Macdonald, J. E. Marley, et al. A Comparison of Outcomes with Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme Inhibitors and Diuretics for Hypertension in the Elderly N. Engl. J. Med., February 13, 2003; 348(7): 583 - 592. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. R. Brasier, A. Recinos III, and M. S. Eledrisi Vascular Inflammation and the Renin-Angiotensin System Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, August 1, 2002; 22(8): 1257 - 1266. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. A. Nikolaidis, A. Doverspike, R. Huerbin, T. Hentosz, and R. P. Shannon Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Improve Coronary Flow Reserve in Dilated Cardiomyopathy by a Bradykinin-Mediated, Nitric Oxide-Dependent Mechanism Circulation, June 11, 2002; 105(23): 2785 - 2790. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. R Chiong and A. B Miller Review: Renin-angiotensin system antagonism and lipid-lowering therapy in cardiovascular risk management Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, June 1, 2002; 3(2): 96 - 102. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. McMurray and M. A. Pfeffer New Therapeutic Options in Congestive Heart Failure: Part I Circulation, April 30, 2002; 105(17): 2099 - 2106. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M. Richards, M. G. Nicholls, R. W. Troughton, J. G. Lainchbury, J. Elliott, C. Frampton, E. A. Espiner, I. G. Crozier, T. G. Yandle, and J. Turner Antecedent hypertension and heart failure after myocardial infarction J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 3, 2002; 39(7): 1182 - 1188. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P.J de Kam, G.L Nicolosi, A.A Voors, M.P van Den Berg, J Brouwer, D.J van Veldhuisen, S Barlera, A.P Maggioni, P Giannuzzi, P.L Temporelli, et al. Prediction of 6 months left ventricular dilatation after myocardial infarction in relation to cardiac morbidity and mortality. Application of a new dilatation model to GISSI-3 data Eur. Heart J., April 1, 2002; 23(7): 536 - 542. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. A. Petersen, S.-L. T. Normand, L. L. Leape, and B. J. McNeil Comparison of Use of Medications After Acute Myocardial Infarction in the Veterans Health Administration and Medicare Circulation, December 11, 2001; 104(24): 2898 - 2904. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.G.F. Cleland, K. Thygesen, B.F. Uretsky, P. Armstrong, J.D. Horowitz, B. Massie, M. Packer, P.A. Poole-Wilson, L. Ryden, and on behalf of the ATLAS investigators Cardiovascular critical event pathways for the progression of heart failure; a report from the ATLAS study Eur. Heart J., September 1, 2001; 22(17): 1601 - 1612. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. R Kalra, S. D Anker, and A. J.S Coats Water and sodium regulation in chronic heart failure: the role of natriuretic peptides and vasopressin Cardiovasc Res, August 15, 2001; 51(3): 495 - 509. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. R. Dagenais, S. Yusuf, M. G. Bourassa, Q. Yi, J. Bosch, E. M. Lonn, S. Kouz, and J. Grover Effects of Ramipril on Coronary Events in High-Risk Persons: Results of the Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Circulation, July 31, 2001; 104(5): 522 - 526. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. E. Khalil, A. W. Basher, E. J. Brown Jr, and I. A. Alhaddad A remarkable medical story: benefits of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in cardiac patients J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 1, 2001; 37(7): 1757 - 1764. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Braunwald Congestive heart failure: a half century perspective Eur. Heart J., May 2, 2001; 22(10): 825 - 836. [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I S Malik, V K Bhatia, and J S Kooner Cost effectiveness of ramipril treatment for cardiovascular risk reduction Heart, May 1, 2001; 85(5): 539 - 543. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Papademetriou, P. Mammillot, R. Redman, A. Notargiacomo, P. Narayan, and R. Lakshman Prevention of atherosclerosis by specific AT1-receptor blockade with candesartan cilexetil Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, March 1, 2001; 2(1_suppl): S77 - S80. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Galcera-Tomas, F. J. Castillo-Soria, M. Villegas-Garcia, R. Florenciano-Sanchez, J. G. Sanchez-Villanueva, J. A. N. de la Rosa, A. Martinez-Caballero, J. A. Valenti-Aldeguer, P. Jara-Perez, M. Parraga-Ramirez, et al. Effects of Early Use of Atenolol or Captopril on Infarct Size and Ventricular Volume : A Double-Blind Comparison in Patients With Anterior Acute Myocardial Infarction Circulation, February 13, 2001; 103(6): 813 - 819. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A.U Khand, I Gemmell, A.C Rankin, and J.G.F Cleland Clinical events leading to the progression of heart failure: insights from a national database of hospital discharges Eur. Heart J., January 2, 2001; 22(2): 153 - 164. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Braunwald, E. M. Antman, J. W. Beasley, R. M. Califf, M. D. Cheitlin, J. S. Hochman, R. H. Jones, D. Kereiakes, J. Kupersmith, T. N. Levin, et al. ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina and non-st-segment elevation myocardial infarction: A report of the american college of cardiology/ american heart association task force on practice guidelines (committee on the management of patients with unstable angina) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 1, 2000; 36(3): 970 - 1062. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. E. Vaughan AT1 Receptor Blockade and Atherosclerosis : Hopeful Insights Into Vascular Protection Circulation, April 4, 2000; 101(13): 1496 - 1497. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. S. Francis ACE Inhibition in Cardiovascular Disease N. Engl. J. Med., January 20, 2000; 342(3): 201 - 202. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Leesar, M. F. Stoddard, S. Manchikalapudi, and R. Bolli Bradykinin-induced preconditioning in patients undergoing coronary angioplasty J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 1, 1999; 34(3): 639 - 650. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Kranzhofer, J. Schmidt, C. A. H. Pfeiffer, S. Hagl, P. Libby, and W. Kubler Angiotensin Induces Inflammatory Activation of Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, July 1, 1999; 19(7): 1623 - 1629. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R S McKelvie, C R Benedict, and S Yusuf Evidence based cardiology: Prevention of congestive heart failure and management of asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction BMJ, May 22, 1999; 318(7195): 1400 - 1402. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. M Lonn and S. Yusuf Evidence based cardiology: Emerging approaches in preventing cardiovascular disease BMJ, May 15, 1999; 318(7194): 1337 - 1341. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Jalowy, R. Schulz, H. Dorge, M. Behrends, and G. Heusch Infarct size reduction by AT1-receptor blockade through a signal cascade of AT2-receptor activation, bradykinin and prostaglandins in pigs J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 15, 1998; 32(6): 1787 - 1796. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. L White Thrombolytic Therapy in Acute Myocardial Infarction Part II: 1997 Update Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann, March 1, 1998; 6(1): 03 - 10. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Gheorghiade and R. O. Bonow Chronic Heart Failure in the United States : A Manifestation of Coronary Artery Disease Circulation, January 27, 1998; 97(3): 282 - 289. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. W. Nesto and S. Zarich Acute Myocardial Infarction in Diabetes Mellitus : Lessons Learned From ACE Inhibition Circulation, January 13, 1998; 97(1): 12 - 15. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. F. Hill and P. K. Singal Right and Left Myocardial Antioxidant Responses During Heart Failure Subsequent to Myocardial Infarction Circulation, October 7, 1997; 96(7): 2414 - 2420. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Mosca, J. E. Manson, S. E. Sutherland, R. D. Langer, T. Manolio, E. Barrett-Connor, and E. Barrett-Connor Cardiovascular Disease in Women : A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association Circulation, October 7, 1997; 96(7): 2468 - 2482. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. J. Oskarsson and D. D. Heistad Oxidative Stress Produced by Angiotensin Too: Implications for Hypertension and Vascular Injury Circulation, February 4, 1997; 95(3): 557 - 559. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Hokimoto, H. Yasue, K. Fujimoto, H. Yamamoto, K. Nakao, K. Kaikita, R. Sakata, and E. Miyamoto Expression of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme in Remaining Viable Myocytes of Human Ventricles After Myocardial Infarction Circulation, October 1, 1996; 94(7): 1513 - 1518. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. C. Smith Jr Risk-Reduction Therapy: The Challenge to Change : Presented at the 68th Scientific Sessions of the American Heart Association November 13, 1995 Anaheim, California Circulation, June 15, 1996; 93(12): 2205 - 2211. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Lindpaintner, M. Lee, M. G. Larson, V. S. Rao, M. A. Pfeffer, J. M. Ordovas, E. J. Schaefer, A. F. Wilson, P. W.F. Wilson, R. S. Vasan, et al. Absence of Association or Genetic Linkage between the Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme Gene and Left Ventricular Mass N. Engl. J. Med., April 18, 1996; 334(16): 1023 - 1028. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Kreutz, N. Hubner, D. Ganten, and K. Lindpaintner Genetic Linkage of the ACE Gene to Plasma Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Activity but Not to Blood Pressure : A Quantitative Trait Locus Confers Identical Complex Phenotypes in Human and Rat Hypertension Circulation, November 1, 1995; 92(9): 2381 - 2384. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Falk, P. K. Shah, and V. Fuster Coronary Plaque Disruption Circulation, August 1, 1995; 92(3): 657 - 671. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Lindpaintner, M. A. Pfeffer, R. Kreutz, M. J. Stampfer, F. Grodstein, F. LaMotte, J. Buring, and C. H. Hennekens A Prospective Evaluation of an Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme Gene Polymorphism and the Risk of Ischemic Heart Disease N. Engl. J. Med., March 16, 1995; 332(11): 706 - 712. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Braunwald Morning Resistance to Thrombolytic Therapy Circulation, March 1, 1995; 91(5): 1604 - 1606. [Full Text]
|
|