Circulation, Vol 89, 2273-2282, Copyright © 1994 by American Heart Association
B Schieffer, A Wirger, M Meybrunn, S Seitz, J Holtz, UN Riede and H Drexler
BACKGROUND: After myocardial infarction, the noninfarcted left ventricle
develops reactive hypertrophy associated with a depressed coronary flow
reserve, myocardial interstitial fibrosis, and reduced capillary density.
The present study investigated the comparative cardiac effects of chronic
angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition and selective angiotensin II
type 1 receptor (AT1) blockade in the rat model of myocardial infarction
and failure. METHODS AND RESULTS: Seven days after coronary ligation (MI),
rats were randomized to enalapril (n = 8; 500 micrograms.kg-1.d-1),
losartan (n = 9; 3 mg.kg- 1.d-1), or placebo (n = 8) and treated for 6
weeks. Sham-operated rats (n = 10) served as controls. Coronary blood flow
was measured with radiolabeled microspheres during baseline and maximal
coronary dilation induced by dipyridamole (2 mg.kg-1.min-1 over 10
minutes). Right and left ventricular (LV) weight was increased in infarcted
rats compared with sham-operated animals and enalapril- and
losartan-treated MI rats. Minimal LV and right ventricular coronary
vascular resistance was increased in MI rats but normalized with enalapril
and losartan (LV:sham, 8.9; MI-placebo, 12.7; MI-enalapril, 9.2;
MI-losartan, 8.8 mm Hg.mL-1.min-1.g-1, all P < .05 versus MI-placebo).
Interstitial fibrosis determined from perfusion-fixed hearts was increased
in infarcted rats but reduced by both enalapril and losartan. Myocardial
capillary density improved with enalapril and losartan. In separate groups
treated as above, plasma and tissue ACE activity was determined and
demonstrated significantly higher ACE activity in noninfarcted LV tissue of
MI-placebo rats compared with sham (0.64 vs 0.27 nmol.mg protein-1.min-1, P
< .05). Enalapril and losartan reduced LV ACE activity (0.39 and 0.29
nmol.mg protein-1.min-1, P < .05 versus MI- placebo). CONCLUSIONS: The
present study demonstrates that both chronic ACE inhibition and AT1
receptor blockade (1) reduces cardiac hypertrophy, (2) restores minimal
coronary vascular resistance in postinfarction reactive hypertrophy, and
(3) attenuates the development of myocardial interstitial fibrosis in the
noninfarcted LV. These results suggest that inhibition of generation of
angiotensin II and AT1 receptor blockade are equally effective in
preventing important features of ventricular remodeling after myocardial
infarction.
ARTICLES
Comparative effects of chronic angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade on cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction in the rat
Medizinische Klinik III, Universitat Freiburg, FRG.
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M. Yoshiyama, K. Takeuchi, T. Omura, S. Kim, H. Yamagishi, I. Toda, M. Teragaki, K. Akioka, H. Iwao, and J. Yoshikawa Effects of Candesartan and Cilazapril on Rats With Myocardial Infarction Assessed by Echocardiography Hypertension, April 1, 1999; 33(4): 961 - 968. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. E. Rohde, M. Aikawa, G. C. Cheng, G. Sukhova, S. D. Solomon, P. Libby, J. Pfeffer, M. A. Pfeffer, and R. T. Lee Echocardiography-derived left ventricular end-systolic regional wall stress and matrix remodeling after experimental myocardial infarction J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 1, 1999; 33(3): 835 - 842. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. J. Peterson, H. Ju, J. Hao, M. Panagia, D. C. Chapman, and I. M.C. Dixon Expression of Gi-2{alpha} and Gs{alpha} in myofibroblasts localized to the infarct scar in heart failure due to myocardial infarction Cardiovasc Res, March 1, 1999; 41(3): 575 - 585. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. I. Rice, C. A. Foy, and P. J. Grant Angiotensin converting enzyme and angiotensin II type 1-receptor gene polymorphisms and risk of ischaemic heart disease Cardiovasc Res, March 1, 1999; 41(3): 746 - 753. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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F. H. H. Leenen, V. Skarda, B. Yuan, and R. White Changes in cardiac ANG II postmyocardial infarction in rats: effects of nephrectomy and ACE inhibitors Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, January 1, 1999; 276(1): H317 - H325. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. Richer, P. Fornes, C. Cazaubon, V. Domergue, D. Nisato, and J.-F. Giudicelli Effects of long-term angiotensin II AT1 receptor blockade on survival, hemodynamics and cardiac remodeling in chronic heart failure in rats Cardiovasc Res, January 1, 1999; 41(1): 100 - 108. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 H. Matsubara Pathophysiological Role of Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor in Cardiovascular and Renal Diseases Circ. Res., December 14, 1998; 83(12): 1182 - 1191. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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B. Dahlof, R. B. Devereux, S. Julius, S. E. Kjeldsen, G. Beevers, U. de Faire, F. Fyhrquist, T. Hedner, H. Ibsen, K. Kristianson, et al. Characteristics of 9194 Patients With Left Ventricular Hypertrophy : The LIFE Study Hypertension, December 1, 1998; 32(6): 989 - 997. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. P. R. M. Osterop, M. J. M. Kofflard, L. A. Sandkuijl, F. J. t. Cate, R. Krams, M. A. D. H. Schalekamp, and A. H. J. Danser AT1 Receptor A/C1166 Polymorphism Contributes to Cardiac Hypertrophy in Subjects With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Hypertension, November 1, 1998; 32(5): 825 - 830. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. Grimm, D. Cameron, D. P. Griese, G. A.J. Riegger, and E. P. Kromer Differential effects of growth hormone on cardiomyocyte and extracellular matrix protein remodeling following experimental myocardial infarction Cardiovasc Res, November 1, 1998; 40(2): 297 - 306. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. Hu, P. Gaudron, H.-J. Anders, F. Weidemann, O. Turschner, M. Nahrendorf, and G. Ertl Chronic effects of early started angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition and angiotensin AT1-receptor subtype blockade in rats with myocardial infarction: role of bradykinin Cardiovasc Res, August 1, 1998; 39(2): 401 - 412. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. M. Gallagher, H. Yu, and M. P. Printz Bradykinin-Induced Reductions in Collagen Gene Expression Involve Prostacyclin Hypertension, July 1, 1998; 32(1): 84 - 88. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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W. R. Ford, A. S. Clanachan, G. D. Lopaschuk, R. Schulz, and B. I. Jugdutt Intrinsic ANG II type 1 receptor stimulation contributes to recovery of postischemic mechanical function Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, May 1, 1998; 274(5): H1524 - H1531. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. D. Patten, M. J. Aronovitz, L. Deras-Mejia, N. G. Pandian, G. G. Hanak, J. J. Smith, M. E. Mendelsohn, and M. A. Konstam Ventricular remodeling in a mouse model of myocardial infarction Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, May 1, 1998; 274(5): H1812 - H1820. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M.-J. Dumoulin, A. Adam, C. Blais Jr., and D. Lamontagne Metabolism of bradykinin by the rat coronary vascular bed Cardiovasc Res, April 1, 1998; 38(1): 229 - 236. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. Ju, S. Zhao, P. S. Tappia, V. Panagia, and I. M. C. Dixon Expression of Gq{alpha} and PLC-ß in Scar and Border Tissue in Heart Failure Due to Myocardial Infarction Circulation, March 10, 1998; 97(9): 892 - 899. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. M. Gallagher, T. D. Bahnson, H. Yu, N. N. Kim, and M. P. Printz Species variability in angiotensin receptor expression by cultured cardiac fibroblasts and the infarcted heart Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, March 1, 1998; 274(3): H801 - H809. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Bohm, O. Zolk, M. Flesch, F. Schiffer, P. Schnabel, J.-P. Stasch, and A. Knorr Effects of Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockade and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition on Cardiac ß-Adrenergic Signal Transduction Hypertension, March 1, 1998; 31(3): 747 - 754. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Wharton, K. Morgan, R. A. D. Rutherford, J. D. Catravas, A. Chester, B. F. Whitehead, M. R. D. Leval, M. H. Yacoub, and J. M. Polak Differential Distribution of Angiotensin AT2 Receptors in the Normal and Failing Human Heart J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., January 1, 1998; 284(1): 323 - 336. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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K. T. Weber Extracellular Matrix Remodeling in Heart Failure : A Role for De Novo Angiotensin II Generation Circulation, December 2, 1997; 96(11): 4065 - 4082. [Full Text]
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M. Takemoto, K. Egashira, H. Tomita, M. Usui, H. Okamoto, A. Kitabatake, H. Shimokawa, K. Sueishi, and A. Takeshita Chronic Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition and Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockade : Effects on Cardiovascular Remodeling in Rats Induced by the Long-term Blockade of Nitric Oxide Synthesis Hypertension, December 1, 1997; 30(6): 1621 - 1627. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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K. McDonald, C. Chu, G. Francis, D. Judd, W. Carlyle, C. Toher, K. Hauer, and M. Hartman The effect of delayed reperfusion following infarction in the rat on structural changes in viable myocardium Cardiovasc Res, December 1, 1997; 36(3): 347 - 353. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. Blais Jr., G. Drapeau, P. Raymond, D. Lamontagne, N. Gervais, I. Venneman, and A. Adam Contribution of angiotensin-converting enzyme to the cardiac metabolism of bradykinin: an interspecies study Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, November 1, 1997; 273(5): H2263 - H2271. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. Ju, S. Zhao, D. S Jassal, and I. M.C Dixon Effect of AT1 receptor blockade on cardiac collagen remodeling after myocardial infarction Cardiovasc Res, August 1, 1997; 35(2): 223 - 232. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. M. de Lannoy, A. H. J. Danser, J. P. van Kats, R. G. Schoemaker, P. R. Saxena, and M. A. D. H. Schalekamp Renin-Angiotensin System Components in the Interstitial Fluid of the Isolated Perfused Rat Heart : Local Production of Angiotensin I Hypertension, June 1, 1997; 29(6): 1240 - 1251. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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K. C. Wollert, R. Studer, K. Doerfer, E. Schieffer, C. Holubarsch, H. Just, and H. Drexler Differential Effects of Kinins on Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy and Interstitial Collagen Matrix in the Surviving Myocardium After Myocardial Infarction in the Rat Circulation, April 1, 1997; 95(7): 1910 - 1917. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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E. O. Weinberg, M. A. Lee, M. Weigner, K. Lindpaintner, S. P. Bishop, C. R. Benedict, K. K. L. Ho, P. S. Douglas, E. Chafizadeh, and B. H. Lorell Angiotensin AT1 Receptor Inhibition : Effects on Hypertrophic Remodeling and ACE Expression in Rats With Pressure-Overload Hypertrophy due to Ascending Aortic Stenosis Circulation, March 18, 1997; 95(6): 1592 - 1600. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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M. Kurabayashi and Y. Yazaki Downregulation of Angiotensin II Receptor Type 1 in Heart Failure: A Process of Adaptation or Deterioration? Circulation, March 4, 1997; 95(5): 1104 - 1107. [Full Text]
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M. Nishizawa, H. Kumagai, M. Ichikawa, N. Oshima, H. Suzuki, and T. Saruta Improvement in Baroreflex Function by an Oral Angiotensin Receptor Antagonist in Rats With Myocardial Infarction Hypertension, January 1, 1997; 29(1): 458 - 463. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. L. Duerr, M. D. McKirnan, R. D. Gim, R. G. Clark, K. R. Chien, and J. Ross Jr Cardiovascular Effects of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 and Growth Hormone in Chronic Left Ventricular Failure in the Rat Circulation, June 15, 1996; 93(12): 2188 - 2196. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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B. Schieffer, W. G. Paxton, M. B. Marrero, and K. E. Bernstein Importance of Tyrosine Phosphorylation in Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Signaling Hypertension, March 1, 1996; 27(3): 476 - 480. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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