Circulation, Vol 89, 1282-1290, Copyright © 1994 by American Heart Association
BQ Zhu, YP Sun, RE Sievers, SA Glantz, WW Parmley and CL Wolfe
BACKGROUND: Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has been
epidemiologically linked to death from ischemic heart disease in
nonsmokers. In this study, we evaluated the influence of 3 days, 3 weeks,
and 6 weeks of ETS exposure on myocardial infarct size in a rat
ischemia/reperfusion model. METHODS AND RESULTS: Sprague-Dawley rats
exposed to ETS (four Marlboro cigarettes per 15 minutes, 6 hours per day, 5
days per week) for 3 days (n = 24), 3 weeks (n = 21), or 6 weeks (n = 12)
and control rats (n = 24, n = 21, and n = 12, respectively) were subjected
to 35 minutes of left coronary artery occlusion and 2 hours of reperfusion.
Infarct size and risk area were determined by triphenyltetrazolium chloride
and phthalocyanine blue staining, respectively. Air nicotine, carbon
monoxide, and total particulates were measured during ETS exposure. Serum
lipids, plasma carbon monoxide hemoglobin (COHb), nicotine, and cotinine
concentrations were measured in additional groups (6 to 13 rats each)
exposed to 3 days, 3 weeks, or 6 weeks of ETS and controls. Average air
nicotine, carbon monoxide, and total particulate concentrations were 1103
micrograms/m3, 92 ppm, and 60 mg/m3 for the ETS-exposed rats. Infarct size
(infarct mass/risk area x 100%) increased significantly in the ETS groups
compared with the control groups in a dose-dependent manner (P = .023),
with longer exposure associated with larger infarct size. Infarct size
nearly doubled with 6 weeks of ETS exposure (61 +/- 5% versus 34 +/- 3% for
control, mean +/- SEM). Plasma COHb, nicotine, and cotinine levels
increased significantly in the ETS groups in a dose-dependent manner (all P
< .001). CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to passive smoking increases myocardial
infarct size in a rat model of ischemia and reperfusion. This increase of
infarct size exhibited a dose-response relation. These results are
consistent with epidemiological studies demonstrating that ETS increases
the risk of heart death.
ARTICLES
Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke increases myocardial infarct size in rats
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143- 0124.
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  M. Wang, J. Tan, Y. Wang, K. K. Meldrum, C. A. Dinarello, and D. R. Meldrum IL-18 binding protein-expressing mesenchymal stem cells improve myocardial protection after ischemia or infarction PNAS, October 13, 2009; 106(41): 17499 - 17504. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J P Pell, S Haw, S Cobbe, D E Newby, A C H Pell, C Fischbacher, S Pringle, D Murdoch, F Dunn, K Oldroyd, et al. Secondhand smoke exposure and survival following acute coronary syndrome: prospective cohort study of 1261 consecutive admissions among never-smokers Heart, September 1, 2009; 95(17): 1415 - 1418. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Meurrens, S. Ruf, G. Ross, R. Schleef, K. von Holt, and K.-D. Schluter Smoking accelerates the progression of hypertension-induced myocardial hypertrophy to heart failure in spontaneously hypertensive rats Cardiovasc Res, November 1, 2007; 76(2): 311 - 322. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Xiao, X. Huang, S. Yang, and L. Zhang Direct Effects of Nicotine on Contractility of the Uterine Artery in Pregnancy J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., July 1, 2007; 322(1): 180 - 185. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Raupach, K. Schafer, S. Konstantinides, and S. Andreas Secondhand smoke as an acute threat for the cardiovascular system: a change in paradigm Eur. Heart J., February 2, 2006; 27(4): 386 - 392. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Mirza, V. Eder, G. Y Rochefort, J.-M. Hyvelin, M. C. Machet, L. Fauchier, and P. Bonnet CO Inhalation at Dose Corresponding to Tobacco Smoke Worsens Cardiac Remodeling after Experimental Myocardial Infarction in Rats Toxicol. Sci., June 1, 2005; 85(2): 976 - 982. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Barnoya and S. A. Glantz Cardiovascular Effects of Secondhand Smoke: Nearly as Large as Smoking Circulation, May 24, 2005; 111(20): 2684 - 2698. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. D. Brook, B. Franklin, W. Cascio, Y. Hong, G. Howard, M. Lipsett, R. Luepker, M. Mittleman, J. Samet, S. C. Smith Jr, et al. Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the Expert Panel on Population and Prevention Science of the American Heart Association Circulation, June 1, 2004; 109(21): 2655 - 2671. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Bhatnagar Cardiovascular pathophysiology of environmental pollutants Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, February 1, 2004; 286(2): H479 - H485. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Zhang, Y. Liu, J. Shi, D. F. Larson, and R. R. Watson Side-Stream Cigarette Smoke Induces Dose-Response in Systemic Inflammatory Cytokine Production and Oxidative Stress Experimental Biology and Medicine, October 1, 2002; 227(9): 823 - 829. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B.-q. Zhu, R. E Sievers, A. E. Browne, R. T Hillman, K. Chair, R. J Lee, K. Chatterjee, S. A Glantz, and W. W Parmley The renin-angiotensin system does not contribute to the endothelial dysfunction and increased infarct size in rats exposed to second hand smoke Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, March 1, 2002; 3(1): 54 - 60. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. J. Hutchison, S. A. Glantz, B.-Q. Zhu, Y.-P. Sun, T. M. Chou, K. Chatterjee, P. C. Deedwania, W. W. Parmley, and K. Sudhir In-utero and neonatal exposure to secondhand smoke causes vascular dysfunction in newborn rats J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 1, 1998; 32(5): 1463 - 1467. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Steenland, M. Thun, C. Lally, and C. Heath Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Coronary Heart Disease in the American Cancer Society CPS-II Cohort Circulation, August 15, 1996; 94(4): 622 - 628. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. A. Glantz and W. W. Parmley Passive Smoking and Heart Disease: Mechanisms and Risk JAMA, April 5, 1995; 273(13): 1047 - 1053. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|