Circulation, Vol 89, 68-75, Copyright © 1994 by American Heart Association
M St. John Sutton, MA Pfeffer, T Plappert, JL Rouleau, LA Moye, GR Dagenais, GA Lamas, M Klein, B Sussex and S Goldman
BACKGROUND: Left ventricular enlargement after myocardial infarction
increases the likelihood of an adverse outcome. In an echocardiographic
substudy of the Survival and Ventricular Enlargement (SAVE) Trial, we
assessed whether captopril would attenuate progressive left ventricular
enlargement in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after acute
myocardial infarction and, if so, whether this would be associated with
improved clinical outcome. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two-dimensional
transthoracic echocardiograms were obtained in 512 patients at a mean of
11.1 +/- 3.2 days after infarction and were repeated at 1 year in 420
survivors. Left ventricular size was assessed as left ventricular cavity
areas at end diastole and end systole and left ventricular function as
percent change in cavity area from end diastole to end systole. Patients
were randomly assigned to placebo or captopril, and the incidence of
adverse cardiovascular events consisting of cardiovascular death, heart
failure requiring either hospitalization or open-label
angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy, and recurrent infarction
were determined over a follow-up period averaging 3.0 +/- 0.6 years.
Irrespective of treatment assignment, baseline left ventricular systolic
area and percent change in area were strong predictors of cardiovascular
mortality and adverse cardiovascular events. At 1 year, left ventricular
end-diastolic and end-systolic areas were larger in the placebo than in the
captopril group (P = .038, P = .015, respectively), and percent change in
cavity area was greater in the captopril group (P = .005). One hundred
eleven of the 420 1-year survivors with 1-year echo measurements (26.4%)
experienced a major adverse cardiovascular event, and these patients had
more than a threefold greater increase in left ventricular cavity areas
than those with an uncomplicated course. Sixty-nine patients with adverse
cardiovascular events were in the placebo group compared with 42 patients
in the captopril-treated group (a risk reduction of 35%, P = .010).
CONCLUSIONS: Two-dimensional echocardiography provides important and
independent prognostic information in patients after infarction. Left
ventricular enlargement and function after infarction are associated with
the development of adverse cardiac events. Attenuation of ventricular
enlargement with captopril in these patients was associated with a
reduction in adverse events. This study demonstrates the linkage between
attenuation of left ventricular enlargement by captopril after infarction
and improved clinical outcome.
ARTICLES
Quantitative two-dimensional echocardiographic measurements are major predictors of adverse cardiovascular events after acute myocardial infarction. The protective effects of captopril
Brompton Hospital, London, England.
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F.J. Pinto Echocardiography or Nt-proANP in post-myocardial infarction patients: is one enough? Eur. Heart J., July 1, 2002; 23(13): 996 - 997. [Full Text] [PDF]
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J.E. Otterstad, M.G. St. John Sutton, G.S. Froeland, I. Holme, T. Skjaerpe, and C. Hall Prognostic value of two-dimensional echocardiography and N-terminal proatrial natriuretic peptide following an acute myocardial infarction. Assessment of baseline values (2-7 days) and changes at 3 months in patients with a preserved systolic function Eur. Heart J., July 1, 2002; 23(13): 1011 - 1020. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. P. A. Ioannidis, T. A. Trikalinos, and P. G. Danias Electrocardiogram-gated single-photonemission computed tomography versus cardiacmagnetic resonance imaging for the assessmentof left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction: A meta-analysis J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 19, 2002; 39(12): 2059 - 2068. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P.-J. de Kam, A. A. Voors, J. Brouwer, M. St John Sutton, and W. H. van Gilst Approaches to statistical analysis of repeated echocardiographic measurements after myocardial infarction and its relation to heart failure: Application of a random-effects model Eur J Heart Fail, June 1, 2002; 4(3): 277 - 282. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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I. S. Anand, V. G. Florea, and L. Fisher Surrogate end points in heart failure J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 1, 2002; 39(9): 1414 - 1421. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. A. M. Zornoff, H. Skali, M. A. Pfeffer, M. St. John Sutton, J. L. Rouleau, G. A. Lamas, T. Plappert, J. R. Rouleau, L. A. Moye, S. J. Lewis, et al. Right ventricular dysfunction and risk of heart failure and mortality after myocardial infarction J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 1, 2002; 39(9): 1450 - 1455. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. St. John Sutton and C.H. Scott A prediction rule for left ventricular dilatation post-MI? Eur. Heart J., April 1, 2002; 23(7): 509 - 511. [Full Text] [PDF]
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P.J de Kam, G.L Nicolosi, A.A Voors, M.P van Den Berg, J Brouwer, D.J van Veldhuisen, S Barlera, A.P Maggioni, P Giannuzzi, P.L Temporelli, et al. Prediction of 6 months left ventricular dilatation after myocardial infarction in relation to cardiac morbidity and mortality. Application of a new dilatation model to GISSI-3 data Eur. Heart J., April 1, 2002; 23(7): 536 - 542. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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O. A. Victal, J. R. Teerlink, E. Gaxiola, A. W. Wallace, S. Najar, D. H. Camacho, A. Gutierrez, G. Herrera, G. Zuniga, F. Mercado-Rios, et al. Left Ventricular Volume Reduction by Radiofrequency Heating of Chronic Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Congestive Heart Failure Circulation, March 19, 2002; 105(11): 1317 - 1322. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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F Nijland, O Kamp, P M J Verhorst, W G de Voogt, H G Bosch, and C A Visser Myocardial viability: impact on left ventricular dilatation after acute myocardial infarction Heart, January 1, 2002; 87(1): 17 - 22. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. Stellbrink, O.-A. Breithardt, A. Franke, S. Sack, P. Bakker, A. Auricchio, T. Pochet, R. Salo, A. Kramer, and J. Spinelli Impact of cardiac resynchronization therapy using hemodynamically optimized pacing on left ventricular remodeling in patients with congestive heart failure and ventricular conduction disturbances J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., December 1, 2001; 38(7): 1957 - 1965. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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F. W. Bowen, S. C. Jones, N. Narula, M. G. St. John Sutton, T. Plappert, L. H. Edmunds Jr, and I. M.C. Dixon Restraining acute infarct expansion decreases collagenase activity in borderzone myocardium Ann. Thorac. Surg., December 1, 2001; 72(6): 1950 - 1956. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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B. Lindahl, E. Diderholm, B. Lagerqvist, P. Venge, L. Wallentin, and the FRISC II Investigators Mechanisms behind the prognostic value of troponin T in unstable coronary artery disease: a FRISC II substudy J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 1, 2001; 38(4): 979 - 986. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Lee, C. M. Kramer, S. Mankad, S.-e. Yoo, and K. Sandberg Combined angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition and angiotensin AT1 receptor blockade up-regulates myocardial AT2 receptors in remodeled myocardium post-infarction Cardiovasc Res, July 1, 2001; 51(1): 131 - 139. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Mankad, T. A. d'Amato, N. Reichek, W. E. McGregor, J. Lin, D. Singh, W. J. Rogers, and C. M. Kramer Combined Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonism and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition Further Attenuates Postinfarction Left Ventricular Remodeling Circulation, June 12, 2001; 103(23): 2845 - 2850. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J.P Ottervanger, A.W.J Van't Hof, S Reiffers, J.C.A Hoorntje, H Suryapranata, M.J de Boer, and F Zijlstra Long-term recovery of left ventricular function after primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction Eur. Heart J., May 1, 2001; 22(9): 785 - 790. [Abstract] [PDF]
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F. Grigioni, M. Enriquez-Sarano, K. J. Zehr, K. R. Bailey, and A. J. Tajik Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation : Long-Term Outcome and Prognostic Implications With Quantitative Doppler Assessment Circulation, April 3, 2001; 103(13): 1759 - 1764. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. Kjoller-Hansen, R. Steffensen, and P. Grande Beneficial effects of ramipril on left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volume indexes after uncomplicated invasive revascularization are associated with a reduction in cardiac events in patients with moderately impaired left ventricular function and no clinical heart failure J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 1, 2001; 37(5): 1214 - 1220. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. P. Aurigemma, J. S. Gottdiener, L. Shemanski, J. Gardin, and D. Kitzman Predictive value of systolic and diastolic function for incident congestive heart failure in the elderly: The Cardiovascular Health Study J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 15, 2001; 37(4): 1042 - 1048. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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N. Gadsboll, C. Torp-Pedersen, and P. F. Hoilund-Carlsen In-hospital heart failure, first-year ventricular dilatation and 10-year survival after acute myocardial infarction Eur J Heart Fail, January 1, 2001; 3(1): 91 - 96. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. J. de Kam, A. A. Voors, M. P. van den Berg, D. J. van Veldhuisen, J. Brouwer, H. J. G. M. Crijns, C. Borghi, E. Ambrosioni, J. S. Hochman, T. H. LeJemtel, et al. Effect of very early angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on left ventricular dilation after myocardial infarction in patients receiving thrombolysis: Results of a meta-analysis of 845 patients J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., December 1, 2000; 36(7): 2047 - 2053. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. E. Moller, E. Sondergaard, S. H. Poulsen, and K. Egstrup Pseudonormal and restrictive filling patterns predict left ventricular dilation and cardiac death after a first myocardial infarction: a serial color M-mode doppler echocardiographic study J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 15, 2000; 36(6): 1841 - 1846. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. N. Sabbah, W. C. Stanley, V. G. Sharov, T. Mishima, M. Tanimura, C. R. Benedict, S. Hegde, and S. Goldstein Effects of Dopamine {beta}-Hydroxylase Inhibition With Nepicastat on the Progression of Left Ventricular Dysfunction and Remodeling in Dogs With Chronic Heart Failure Circulation, October 17, 2000; 102(16): 1990 - 1995. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. B. Ratcliffe, A. W. Wallace, J. R. Teerlink, J. Hong, A. Salahieh, S.-H. Sung, E. C. Keung, and R. J. Lee RADIO FREQUENCY HEATING OF CHRONIC OVINE INFARCT LEADS TO SUSTAINED INFARCT AREA AND VENTRICULAR VOLUME REDUCTION J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., June 1, 2000; 119(6): 1194 - 1204. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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