| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Circulation, Vol 87, 1107-1113, Copyright © 1993 by American Heart Association
MR Malinow, FJ Nieto, M Szklo, LE Chambless and G Bond
BACKGROUND. Plasma levels of homocyst(e)ine are elevated in certain
patients with occlusive arterial diseases. We extended these findings to
asymptomatic adults. METHODS AND RESULTS. We determined plasma
homocyst(e)ine levels in 287 pairs of asymptomatic adults. Cases and
controls were defined on the basis of intimal-medial thickness of the
carotid wall as measured by B-mode ultrasound. Study subjects had no
history of atherosclerotic disease and were selected from a probability
sample of 15,800 men and women between 45 and 64 years old. Subjects with
thickened intimal-medial carotid walls (cases) had higher plasma
homocyst(e)ine levels than controls (p < 0.001). The odds ratio for
having a thickened carotid artery wall was 3.15 (p < 0.001) for subjects
in the top quintile of plasma homocyst(e)ine levels (> 10.5 mumol/L)
compared with those in the bottom quintile (< 5.88 mumol/L).
CONCLUSIONS. The present study as well as observations on the common
occurrence of elevated plasma homocyst(e)ine levels in patients with
occlusive arterial diseases suggest that clinical trials should be
conducted to determine whether normalization of hyperhomocyst(e)inemia may
prevent progression of atherosclerosis.
ARTICLES
Carotid artery intimal-medial wall thickening and plasma homocyst(e)ine in asymptomatic adults. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Oregon Regional Primate Research Center, Beaverton 97006.
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  C. Sucker, C. Kurschat, F. Farokhzad, G. R. Hetzel, B. Grabensee, B. Maruhn-Debowski, R. Loncar, R. E. Scharf, and R. B. Zotz The TT Genotype of the C677T Polymorphism in the Methylentetrahydrofolate Reductase as a Risk Factor in Thrombotic Microangiopathies: Results From a Pilot Study Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis, June 1, 2009; 15(3): 283 - 288. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Potter, G. J. Hankey, D. J. Green, J. W. Eikelboom, and L. F. Arnolda Homocysteine or Renal Impairment: Which Is the Real Cardiovascular Risk Factor? Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, June 1, 2008; 28(6): 1158 - 1164. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Zoungas, B. P. McGrath, P. Branley, P. G. Kerr, C. Muske, R. Wolfe, R. C. Atkins, K. Nicholls, M. Fraenkel, B. G. Hutchison, et al. Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality in the Atherosclerosis and Folic Acid Supplementation Trial (ASFAST) in Chronic Renal Failure: A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Trial J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 21, 2006; 47(6): 1108 - 1116. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. F. Elias, L. M. Sullivan, R. B. D'Agostino, P. K. Elias, P. F. Jacques, J. Selhub, S. Seshadri, R. Au, A. Beiser, and P. A. Wolf Homocysteine and Cognitive Performance in the Framingham Offspring Study: Age Is Important Am. J. Epidemiol., October 1, 2005; 162(7): 644 - 653. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Svatikova, R. Wolk, M. J Magera, A. S Shamsuzzaman, B. G Phillips, and V. K Somers Plasma homocysteine in obstructive sleep apnoea Eur. Heart J., August 1, 2004; 25(15): 1325 - 1329. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. L. McKay, J. M. Berkowitz, J. B. Blumberg, and J. P. Goldberg Communicating Cardiovascular Disease Risk Due to Elevated Homocysteine Levels: Using the EPPM to Develop Print Materials Health Educ Behav, June 1, 2004; 31(3): 355 - 371. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Soinio, J. Marniemi, M. Laakso, S. Lehto, and T. Ronnemaa Elevated Plasma Homocysteine Level Is an Independent Predictor of Coronary Heart Disease Events in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Ann Intern Med, January 20, 2004; 140(2): 94 - 100. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 X. Zeng, J. Dai, D. G. Remick, and X. Wang Homocysteine Mediated Expression and Secretion of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 and Interleukin-8 in Human Monocytes Circ. Res., August 22, 2003; 93(4): 311 - 320. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Must, P. F. Jacques, G. Rogers, I. H. Rosenberg, and J. Selhub Serum Total Homocysteine Concentrations in Children and Adolescents: Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) J. Nutr., August 1, 2003; 133(8): 2643 - 2649. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 U. Rajala, M. Paivansalo, M. Laakso, O. Pelkonen, P. Koskela, I. Suramo, and S. Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi Lack of association between early atherosclerotic carotid artery wall lesions and serum level of homocysteine The British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease, May 1, 2003; 3(3): 230 - 232. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Boysen, T. Brander, H. Christensen, R. Gideon, and T. Truelsen Homocysteine and Risk of Recurrent Stroke Stroke, May 1, 2003; 34(5): 1258 - 1261. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Lokk News and Views on Folate and Elderly Persons J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., April 1, 2003; 58(4): M354 - 361. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. D. Bushnell and L. B. Goldstein Homocysteine testing in patients with acute ischemic stroke Neurology, November 26, 2002; 59(10): 1541 - 1546. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Adachi, Y. Hirai, Y. Fujiura, H. Matsuoka, A. Satoh, and T. Imaizumi Plasma Homocysteine Levels and Atherosclerosis in Japan: Epidemiological Study by Use of Carotid Ultrasonography Stroke, September 1, 2002; 33(9): 2177 - 2181. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. J. Kelly, J. Rosand, J. P. Kistler, V. E. Shih, S. Silveira, A. Plomaritoglou, and K. L. Furie Homocysteine, MTHFR 677C->T polymorphism, and risk of ischemic stroke: Results of a meta-analysis Neurology, August 27, 2002; 59(4): 529 - 536. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Weiss, C. Keller, U. Hoffmann, and J. Loscalzo Endothelial dysfunction and atherothrombosis in mild hyperhomocysteinemia Vascular Medicine, August 1, 2002; 7(3): 227 - 239. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Sasaki, M. Watanabe, Y. Nagai, T. Hoshi, M. Takasawa, M. Nukata, A. Taguchi, K. Kitagawa, N. Kinoshita, and M. Matsumoto Association of Plasma Homocysteine Concentration With Atherosclerotic Carotid Plaques and Lacunar Infarction Stroke, June 1, 2002; 33(6): 1493 - 1496. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Sen, S. M. Oppenheimer, J. Lima, and B. Cohen Risk Factors for Progression of Aortic Atheroma in Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack Patients Stroke, April 1, 2002; 33(4): 930 - 935. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. S Ford, S J. Smith, D. F Stroup, K. K Steinberg, P. W Mueller, and S. B Thacker Homocyst(e)ine and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review of the evidence with special emphasis on case-control studies and nested case-control studies Int. J. Epidemiol., February 1, 2002; 31(1): 59 - 70. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. H. Davis, J. D. Dawson, W. A. Riley, and R. M. Lauer Carotid Intimal-Medial Thickness Is Related to Cardiovascular Risk Factors Measured From Childhood Through Middle Age: The Muscatine Study Circulation, December 4, 2001; 104(23): 2815 - 2819. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Q. Zhang, X. Zeng, J. Guo, and X. Wang Effects of homocysteine on murine splenic B lymphocyte proliferation and its signal transduction mechanism Cardiovasc Res, November 1, 2001; 52(2): 328 - 336. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Mueller, B. Furtmueller, J. Aigelsdorfer, C. Luft, W. Poelz, and M. Haltmayer Total serum homocysteine - a predictor of extracranial carotid artery stenosis in male patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease Vascular Medicine, August 1, 2001; 6(3): 163 - 167. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. H. Williams, J. A. Maggiore, R. D. Reynolds, and C. M. Helgason Novel Approach for the Determination of the Redox Status of Homocysteine and Other Aminothiols in Plasma from Healthy Subjects and Patients with Ischemic Stroke Clin. Chem., June 1, 2001; 47(6): 1031 - 1039. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Kosokabe, K. Okumura, T. Sone, J. Kondo, H. Tsuboi, H. Mukawa, T. Tomida, T. Suzuki, H. Kamiya, H. Matsui, et al. Relation of a Common Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Mutation and Plasma Homocysteine With Intimal Hyperplasia After Coronary Stenting Circulation, April 24, 2001; 103(16): 2048 - 2054. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 U B Fallon, P Elwood, Y Ben-Shlomo, J B Ubbink, R Greenwood, and G D. Smith Homocysteine and ischaemic stroke in men: the Caerphilly study J Epidemiol Community Health, February 1, 2001; 55(2): 91 - 96. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. J. Meiklejohn, M. A. Vickers, R. Dijkhuisen, and M. Greaves Plasma Homocysteine Concentrations in the Acute and Convalescent Periods of Atherothrombotic Stroke Stroke, January 1, 2001; 32(1): 57 - 62. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. M. Tribouilloy, M. Peltier, M. C. Iannetta Peltier, F. Trojette, M. Andrejak, and J.-P. M. Lesbre Plasma Homocysteine and Severity of Thoracic Aortic Atherosclerosis Chest, December 1, 2000; 118(6): 1685 - 1689. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. L. McKay, G. Perrone, H. Rasmussen, G. Dallal, and J. B. Blumberg Multivitamin/Mineral Supplementation Improves Plasma B-Vitamin Status and Homocysteine Concentration in Healthy Older Adults Consuming a Folate-Fortified Diet J. Nutr., December 1, 2000; 130(12): 3090 - 3096. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. M Ueland, H. Refsum, S. A. Beresford, and S. E. Vollset The controversy over homocysteine and cardiovascular risk Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, August 1, 2000; 72(2): 324 - 332. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. R. Malinow, P. B. Duell, A. Irvin-Jones, B. M. Upson, and E. E. Graf Increased Plasma Homocyst(e)ine after Withdrawal of Ready-to-Eat Breakfast Cereal from the Diet: Prevention by Breakfast Cereal Providing 200 {micro}g Folic Acid J. Am. Coll. Nutr., August 1, 2000; 19(4): 452 - 457. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. W. Eikelboom, G. J. Hankey, S. S. Anand, E. Lofthouse, N. Staples, and R. I. Baker Association Between High Homocyst(e)ine and Ischemic Stroke due to Large- and Small-Artery Disease but Not Other Etiologic Subtypes of Ischemic Stroke Stroke, May 1, 2000; 31(5): 1069 - 1075. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Wierzbicki Lipids, cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus Lupus, March 1, 2000; 9(3): 194 - 201. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. G. Christen, U. A. Ajani, R. J. Glynn, and C. H. Hennekens Blood Levels of Homocysteine and Increased Risks of Cardiovascular Disease: Causal or Casual? Arch Intern Med, February 28, 2000; 160(4): 422 - 434. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. H. Yu, R. Joubran, M. Asmi, T. Law, A. Spencer, M. Jouma, and N. Rifai Agreement among Four Homocysteine Assays and Results in Patients with Coronary Atherosclerosis and Controls Clin. Chem., February 1, 2000; 46(2): 258 - 264. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. C. Chambers, O. A. Obeid, and J. S. Kooner Physiological Increments in Plasma Homocysteine Induce Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction in Normal Human Subjects Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, December 1, 1999; 19(12): 2922 - 2927. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 V. Fonseca, S. C. Guba, and L. M. Fink Hyperhomocysteinemia and the Endocrine System: Implications for Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis Endocr. Rev., October 1, 1999; 20(5): 738 - 759. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. A. Bortolotto, M. E. Safar, E. Billaud, C. Lacroix, R. Asmar, G. M. London, and J. Blacher Plasma Homocysteine, Aortic Stiffness, and Renal Function in Hypertensive Patients Hypertension, October 1, 1999; 34(4): 837 - 842. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Selhub, P. F. Jacques, I. H. Rosenberg, G. Rogers, B. A. Bowman, E. W. Gunter, J. D. Wright, and C. L. Johnson Serum Total Homocysteine Concentrations in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1991-1994): Population Reference Ranges and Contribution of Vitamin Status to High Serum Concentrations Ann Intern Med, September 7, 1999; 131(5): 331 - 339. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. W. Eikelboom, E. Lonn, J. Genest Jr., G. Hankey, and S. Yusuf Homocyst(e)ine and Cardiovascular Disease: A Critical Review of the Epidemiologic Evidence Ann Intern Med, September 7, 1999; 131(5): 363 - 375. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. H. Davis, J. D. Dawson, L. T. Mahoney, and R. M. Lauer Increased Carotid Intimal-Medial Thickness and Coronary Calcification Are Related in Young and Middle-Aged Adults : The Muscatine Study Circulation, August 24, 1999; 100(8): 838 - 842. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. T Gerhard, M R. Malinow, T. G DeLoughery, A. J Evans, G. Sexton, S. L Connor, R. C Wander, and W. E Connor Higher total homocysteine concentrations and lower folate concentrations in premenopausal black women than in premenopausal white women Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, August 1, 1999; 70(2): 252 - 260. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. J. Kittner, W. H. Giles, R. F. Macko, J. R. Hebel, M. A. Wozniak, R. J. Wityk, P. D. Stolley, B. J. Stern, M. A. Sloan, R. Sherwin, et al. Homocyst(e)ine and Risk of Cerebral Infarction in a Biracial Population : The Stroke Prevention in Young Women Study Stroke, August 1, 1999; 30(8): 1554 - 1560. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. G. Bostom and J. Selhub Homocysteine and Arteriosclerosis : Subclinical and Clinical Disease Associations Circulation, May 11, 1999; 99(18): 2361 - 2363. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. M. McQuillan, J. P. Beilby, M. Nidorf, P. L. Thompson, and J. Hung Hyperhomocysteinemia but Not the C677T Mutation of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Is an Independent Risk Determinant of Carotid Wall Thickening : The Perth Carotid Ultrasound Disease Assessment Study (CUDAS) Circulation, May 11, 1999; 99(18): 2383 - 2388. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Thalhammer, B. Balzuweit, A. Busjahn, C. Walter, F. C. Luft, and H. Haller Endothelial Cell Dysfunction and Arterial Wall Hypertrophy Are Associated With Disturbed Carbohydrate Metabolism in Patients at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, May 1, 1999; 19(5): 1173 - 1179. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. D. Spence, M. R. Malinow, P. A. Barnett, A. J. Marian, D. Freeman, and R. A. Hegele Plasma Homocyst(e)ine Concentration, But Not MTHFR Genotype, Is Associated With Variation in Carotid Plaque Area Stroke, May 1, 1999; 30(5): 969 - 973. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. F Jacques, I. H Rosenberg, G. Rogers, J. Selhub, B. A Bowman, E. W Gunter, J. D Wright, and C. L Johnson Serum total homocysteine concentrations in adolescent and adult Americans: results from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, March 1, 1999; 69(3): 482 - 489. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. Borson-Chazot, C. Harthe, F. Teboul, F. Labrousse, C. Gaume, L. Guadagnino, B. Claustrat, F. Berthezene, and P. Moulin Occurrence of Hyperhomocysteinemia 1 Year after Gastroplasty for Severe Obesity J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., February 1, 1999; 84(2): 541 - 545. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. L. Harmon, R. M. Doyle, R. Meleady, M. Doyle, D. C. Shields, R. Barry, D. Coakley, I. M. Graham, and A. S. Whitehead Genetic Analysis of the Thermolabile Variant of 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase as a Risk Factor for Ischemic Stroke Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, February 1, 1999; 19(2): 208 - 211. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. R. Malinow, A. G. Bostom, and R. M. Krauss Homocyst(e)ine, Diet, and Cardiovascular Diseases : A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the Nutrition Committee, American Heart Association Circulation, January 12, 1999; 99(1): 178 - 182. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. L. Bots, L. J. Launer, J. Lindemans, A. W. Hoes, A. Hofman, J. C. M. Witteman, P. J. Koudstaal, and D. E. Grobbee Homocysteine and Short-term Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Stroke in the Elderly: The Rotterdam Study Arch Intern Med, January 11, 1999; 159(1): 38 - 44. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Demuth, N. Moatti, O. Hanon, M. O. Benoit, M. Safar, and X. Girerd Opposite Effects of Plasma Homocysteine and the Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase C677T Mutation on Carotid Artery Geometry in Asymptomatic Adults Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, December 1, 1998; 18(12): 1838 - 1843. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. D. A. Stehouwer, M. P. Weijenberg, M. van den Berg, C. Jakobs, E. J. M. Feskens, and D. Kromhout Serum Homocysteine and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease and Cerebrovascular Disease in Elderly Men : A 10-Year Follow-Up Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, December 1, 1998; 18(12): 1895 - 1901. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. J. Smilde, F. W. P. J. van den Berkmortel, G. H. J. Boers, H. Wollersheim, T. de Boo, H. van Langen, and A. F. H. Stalenhoef Carotid and Femoral Artery Wall Thickness and Stiffness in Patients at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease, With Special Emphasis on Hyperhomocysteinemia Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, December 1, 1998; 18(12): 1958 - 1963. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.-H. Yoo, C.-S. Chung, and S.-S. Kang Relation of Plasma Homocyst(e)ine to Cerebral Infarction and Cerebral Atherosclerosis Stroke, December 1, 1998; 29(12): 2478 - 2483. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.-L. Megnien, J. Gariepy, J.-M. Saudubray, J.-M. Nuoffer, N. Denarie, J. Levenson, and A. Simon Evidence of Carotid Artery Wall Hypertrophy in Homozygous Homocystinuria Circulation, November 24, 1998; 98(21): 2276 - 2281. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Z. Chen and R. Banerjee Purification of Soluble Cytochrome b5 as a Component of the Reductive Activation of Porcine Methionine Synthase J. Biol. Chem., October 2, 1998; 273(40): 26248 - 26255. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Taoka, S. Ohja, X. Shan, W. D. Kruger, and R. Banerjee Evidence for Heme-mediated Redox Regulation of Human Cystathionine beta -Synthase Activity J. Biol. Chem., September 25, 1998; 273(39): 25179 - 25184. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. H. Kuller and R. W. Evans Homocysteine, Vitamins, and Cardiovascular Disease Circulation, July 21, 1998; 98(3): 196 - 199. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. R. Folsom, F. J. Nieto, P. G. McGovern, M. Y. Tsai, M. R. Malinow, J. H. Eckfeldt, D. L. Hess, and C. E. Davis Prospective Study of Coronary Heart Disease Incidence in Relation to Fasting Total Homocysteine, Related Genetic Polymorphisms, and B Vitamins : The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study Circulation, July 21, 1998; 98(3): 204 - 210. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. J. Wald, H. C. Watt, M. R. Law, D. G. Weir, J. McPartlin, and J. M. Scott Homocysteine and Ischemic Heart Disease: Results of a Prospective Study With Implications Regarding Prevention Arch Intern Med, April 27, 1998; 158(8): 862 - 867. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. N. Welch and J. Loscalzo Homocysteine and Atherothrombosis N. Engl. J. Med., April 9, 1998; 338(15): 1042 - 1050. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. H. Moghadasian, B. M. McManus, and J. J. Frohlich Homocyst(e)ine and Coronary Artery Disease: Clinical Evidence and Genetic and Metabolic Background Arch Intern Med, November 10, 1997; 157(20): 2299 - 2308. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. C. de Jong, C. D. A. Stehouwer, A. J. C. Mackaay, M. van den Berg, E. J. Bulterijs, F. C. Visser, J. Bax, and J. A. Rauwerda High Prevalence of Hyperhomocysteinemia and Asymptomatic Vascular Disease in Siblings of Young Patients With Vascular Disease and Hyperhomocysteinemia Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, November 1, 1997; 17(11): 2655 - 2662. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Wang, M. Yoshizumi, K. Lai, J.-C. Tsai, M. A. Perrella, E. Haber, and M.-E. Lee Inhibition of Growth and p21ras Methylation in Vascular Endothelial Cells by Homocysteine but Not Cysteine J. Biol. Chem., October 3, 1997; 272(40): 25380 - 25385. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. W. Evans, B. J. Shaten, J. D. Hempel, J. A. Cutler, and L. H. Kuller Homocyst(e)ine and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, October 1, 1997; 17(10): 1947 - 1953. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Majors, L. A. Ehrhart, and E. H. Pezacka Homocysteine as a Risk Factor for Vascular Disease : Enhanced Collagen Production and Accumulation by Smooth Muscle Cells Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, October 1, 1997; 17(10): 2074 - 2081. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Sutton-Tyrrell, A. Bostom, J. Selhub, and C. Zeigler-Johnson High Homocysteine Levels Are Independently Related to Isolated Systolic Hypertension in Older Adults Circulation, September 16, 1997; 96(6): 1745 - 1749. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
O. Nygard, J. E. Nordrehaug, H. Refsum, P. M. Ueland, M. Farstad, and S. E. Vollset Plasma Homocysteine Levels and Mortality in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease N. Engl. J. Med., July 24, 1997; 337(4): 230 - 237. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. D'Angelo and J. Selhub Homocysteine and Thrombotic Disease Blood, July 1, 1997; 90(1): 1 - 11. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. M. Graham, L. E. Daly, H. M. Refsum, K. Robinson, L. E. Brattstrom, P. M. Ueland, R. J. Palma-Reis, G. H. J. Boers, R. G. Sheahan, B. Israelsson, et al. Plasma Homocysteine as a Risk Factor for Vascular Disease: The European Concerted Action Project JAMA, June 11, 1997; 277(22): 1775 - 1781. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Ma, M. J. Stampfer, C. H. Hennekens, P. Frosst, J. Selhub, J. Horsford, M. R. Malinow, W. C. Willett, and R. Rozen Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Polymorphism, Plasma Folate, Homocysteine, and Risk of Myocardial Infarction in US Physicians Circulation, November 15, 1996; 94(10): 2410 - 2416. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. J. Nieto, E. Adam, P. Sorlie, H. Farzadegan, J. L. Melnick, G. W. Comstock, and M. Szklo Cohort Study of Cytomegalovirus Infection as a Risk Factor for Carotid Intimal-Medial Thickening, a Measure of Subclinical Atherosclerosis Circulation, September 1, 1996; 94(5): 922 - 927. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Tonstad, O. Joakimsen, E. Stensland-Bugge, T. P. Leren, L. Ose, D. Russell, and K. H. Bonaa Risk Factors Related to Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Plaque in Children With Familial Hypercholesterolemia and Control Subjects Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, August 1, 1996; 16(8): 984 - 991. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. van den Berg, C. D.A. Stehouwer, E. Bierdrager, and J. A. Rauwerda Plasma Homocysteine and Severity of Atherosclerosis in Young Patients With Lower-Limb Atherosclerotic Disease Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, January 1, 1996; 16(1): 165 - 171. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
O. Nygard, S. E. Vollset, H. Refsum, I. Stensvold, A. Tverdal, J. E. Nordrehaug, P. M. Ueland, and G. Kvale Total Plasma Homocysteine and Cardiovascular Risk Profile: The Hordaland Homocysteine Study JAMA, November 15, 1995; 274(19): 1526 - 1533. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. R. Adams, A. Nakagomi, A. Keech, J. Robinson, R. McCredie, B. P. Bailey, S. B. Freedman, and D. S. Celermajer Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Is Only Weakly Correlated With the Extent and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease Circulation, October 15, 1995; 92(8): 2127 - 2134. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. J. Boushey, S. A. A. Beresford, G. S. Omenn, and A. G. Motulsky A Quantitative Assessment of Plasma Homocysteine as a Risk Factor for Vascular Disease: Probable Benefits of Increasing Folic Acid Intakes JAMA, October 4, 1995; 274(13): 1049 - 1057. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. N. Hopkins, L. L. Wu, J. Wu, S. C. Hunt, B. C. James, G. M. Vincent, and R. R. Williams Higher Plasma Homocyst(e)ine and Increased Susceptibility to Adverse Effects of Low Folate in Early Familial Coronary Artery Disease Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, September 1, 1995; 15(9): 1314 - 1320. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. H. Giles, S. J. Kittner, R. F. Anda, J. B. Croft, and M. L. Casper Serum Folate and Risk for Ischemic Stroke : First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow-up Study Stroke, July 1, 1995; 26(7): 1166 - 1170. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Lindgren, L. Brattstrom, B. Norrving, B. Hultberg, A. Andersson, and B. B. Johansson Plasma Homocysteine in the Acute and Convalescent Phases After Stroke Stroke, May 1, 1995; 26(5): 795 - 800. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. H. Rolland, A. Friggi, A. Barlatier, P. Piquet, V. Latrille, M. M. Faye, J. Guillou, P. Charpiot, H. Bodard, O. Ghiringhelli, et al. Hyperhomocysteinemia-Induced Vascular Damage in the Minipig : Captopril-Hydrochlorothiazide Combination Prevents Elastic Alterations Circulation, February 15, 1995; 91(4): 1161 - 1174. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Selhub, P. F. Jacques, A. G. Bostom, R. B. D'Agostino, P. W.F. Wilson, A. J. Belanger, D. H. O'Leary, P. A. Wolf, E. J. Schaefer, and I. H. Rosenberg Association between Plasma Homocysteine Concentrations and Extracranial Carotid-Artery Stenosis N. Engl. J. Med., February 2, 1995; 332(5): 286 - 291. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. Stampfer and M. R. Malinow Can Lowering Homocysteine Levels Reduce Cardiovascular Risk? N. Engl. J. Med., February 2, 1995; 332(5): 328 - 329. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. B. Simon Patient-Directed, Nonprescription Approaches to Cardiovascular Disease Arch Intern Med, October 24, 1994; 154(20): 2283 - 2296. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|