| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Circulation, Vol 85, 1364-1373, Copyright © 1992 by American Heart Association
DM Mancini, G Walter, N Reichek, R Lenkinski, KK McCully, JL Mullen and JR Wilson
BACKGROUND. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of
skeletal muscle atrophy and its relation to exercise intolerance and
abnormal muscle metabolism in patients with heart failure (HF). METHODS AND
RESULTS. Peak VO2, percent ideal body weight (% IBW), 24-hour urine
creatinine (Cr), and anthropometrics were measured in 62 ambulatory
patients with HF. 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and imaging
(MRI) of the calf were performed in 15 patients with HF and 10 control
subjects. Inorganic phosphorus (Pi), phosphocreatine (PCr), and
intracellular pH were measured at rest and during exercise. Calf muscle
volume was determined from the sum of the integrated area of muscle in
1-cm-thick contiguous axial images from the patella to the calcaneus. A
reduced skeletal muscle mass was noted in 68% of patients, as evidenced by
a decrease in Cr-to-height ratio of less than 7.4 mg/cm and/or upper arm
circumference of less than 5% of normal. Calf muscle volume (MRI) was also
reduced in the patients with HF (controls, 675 +/- 84 cm3/m2; HF, 567 +/-
112 cm3/m2; p less than 0.05). Fat stores were largely preserved with
triceps skinfold of less than 5% of normal and/or IBW of less than 80% in
only 8% of patients. Modest linear correlations were observed between peak
VO2 and both calf muscle volume per meter squared (r = 0.48) and midarm
muscle area (r = 0.36) (both p less than 0.05). 31P metabolic abnormalities
during exercise were observed in the patients with HF, which is consistent
with intrinsic oxidative abnormalities. The metabolic changes were weakly
correlated with muscle volume (r = -0.42, p less than 0.05). CONCLUSIONS.
These findings indicate that patients with chronic HF frequently develop
significant skeletal muscle atrophy and metabolic abnormalities. Atrophy
contributes modestly to both the reduced exercise capacity and altered
muscle metabolism.
ARTICLES
Contribution of skeletal muscle atrophy to exercise intolerance and altered muscle metabolism in heart failure
Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  F. Triposkiadis, G. Karayannis, G. Giamouzis, J. Skoularigis, G. Louridas, and J. Butler The sympathetic nervous system in heart failure physiology, pathophysiology, and clinical implications. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 3, 2009; 54(19): 1747 - 1762. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Y.-M. Wang, M. M.-M. Sea, N. Tang, C. W.-k. Lam, I. H.-S. Chan, S.-F. Lui, J. E Sanderson, and J. Woo Energy intake and expenditure profile in chronic peritoneal dialysis patients complicated with circulatory congestion Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, November 1, 2009; 90(5): 1179 - 1184. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Riegel, D. K. Moser, S. D. Anker, L. J. Appel, S. B. Dunbar, K. L. Grady, M. Z. Gurvitz, E. P. Havranek, C. S. Lee, J. Lindenfeld, et al. State of the Science: Promoting Self-Care in Persons With Heart Failure: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Circulation, September 22, 2009; 120(12): 1141 - 1163. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. H. Lund, J. J. Williams, P. Freda, J. J. LaManca, T. H. LeJemtel, and D. M. Mancini Ghrelin resistance occurs in severe heart failure and resolves after heart transplantation Eur J Heart Fail, August 1, 2009; 11(8): 789 - 794. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. V. N. Bacurau, M. A. Jardim, J. C. B. Ferreira, L. R. G. Bechara, C. R. Bueno Jr., T. C. Alba-Loureiro, C. E. Negrao, D. E. Casarini, R. Curi, P. R. Ramires, et al. Sympathetic hyperactivity differentially affects skeletal muscle mass in developing heart failure: role of exercise training J Appl Physiol, May 1, 2009; 106(5): 1631 - 1640. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. A. Hunt, W. T. Abraham, M. H. Chin, A. M. Feldman, G. S. Francis, T. G. Ganiats, M. Jessup, M. A. Konstam, D. M. Mancini, K. Michl, et al. 2009 Focused Update Incorporated Into the ACC/AHA 2005 Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines Developed in Collaboration With the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 14, 2009; 53(15): e1 - e90. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Jessup, W. T. Abraham, D. E. Casey, A. M. Feldman, G. S. Francis, T. G. Ganiats, M. A. Konstam, D. M. Mancini, P. S. Rahko, M. A. Silver, et al. 2009 Focused Update: ACCF/AHA Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines Developed in Collaboration With the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 14, 2009; 53(15): 1343 - 1382. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009 WRITING GROUP TO REVIEW NEW EVIDENCE AND UPDA, M. Jessup, W. T. Abraham, D. E. Casey, A. M. Feldman, G. S. Francis, T. G. Ganiats, M. A. Konstam, D. M. Mancini, P. S. Rahko, et al. 2009 Focused Update: ACCF/AHA Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines: Developed in Collaboration With the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation Circulation, April 14, 2009; 119(14): 1977 - 2016. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 WRITING COMMITTEE MEMBERS, S. A. Hunt, W. T. Abraham, M. H. Chin, A. M. Feldman, G. S. Francis, T. G. Ganiats, M. Jessup, M. A. Konstam, D. M. Mancini, et al. 2009 Focused Update Incorporated Into the ACC/AHA 2005 Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines: Developed in Collaboration With the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation Circulation, April 14, 2009; 119(14): e391 - e479. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. K.A. Witte and A. L. Clark Dyspnoea versus fatigue: Additional prognostic information from symptoms in chronic heart failure? Eur J Heart Fail, December 1, 2008; 10(12): 1224 - 1228. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D E Barrow, A Bedford, G Ives, L O'Toole, and K S Channer An evaluation of the effects of Tai Chi Chuan and Chi Kung training in patients with symptomatic heart failure: a randomised controlled pilot study Postgrad. Med. J., November 1, 2007; 83(985): 717 - 721. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. L. Clark, C. Knosalla, E. Birks, M. Loebe, C. H. Davos, S. Tsang, A. Negassa, M. Yacoub, R. Hetzer, A. J.S. Coats, et al. Heart transplantation in heart failure: The prognostic importance of body mass index at time of surgery and subsequent weight changes Eur J Heart Fail, August 1, 2007; 9(8): 839 - 844. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. von Haehling, W. Doehner, and S. D Anker Nutrition, metabolism, and the complex pathophysiology of cachexia in chronic heart failure Cardiovasc Res, January 15, 2007; 73(2): 298 - 309. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Jelic and T. H. Le Jemtel Diagnostic Usefulness of B-Type Natriuretic Peptide and Functional Consequences of Muscle Alterations in COPD and Chronic Heart Failure. Chest, October 1, 2006; 130(4): 1220 - 1230. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. P. LeMaitre, S. Harris, J. Hannan, K. A.A. Fox, and M. A. Denvir Maximum oxygen uptake corrected for skeletal muscle mass accurately predicts functional improvements following exercise training in chronic heart failure Eur J Heart Fail, May 1, 2006; 8(3): 243 - 248. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Vescovo, B. Ravara, V. Gobbo, and L. D. Libera Inflammation and perturbation of the L-carnitine system in heart failure Eur J Heart Fail, October 1, 2005; 7(6): 997 - 1002. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. L. Johansen, J. Doyle, G. K. Sakkas, and J. A. Kent-Braun Neural and metabolic mechanisms of excessive muscle fatigue in maintenance hemodialysis patients Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, September 1, 2005; 289(3): R805 - R813. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 V. M. Conraads, P. Beckers, J. Vaes, M. Martin, V. Van Hoof, C. De Maeyer, N. Possemiers, F. L. Wuyts, and C. J. Vrints Combined endurance/resistance training reduces NT-proBNP levels in patients with chronic heart failure Eur. Heart J., October 2, 2004; 25(20): 1797 - 1805. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Treat-Jacobson and R. A. Lindquist Functional Recovery and Exercise Behavior in Men and Women 5 to 6 Years Following Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) Surgery West J Nurs Res, August 1, 2004; 26(5): 479 - 498. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Hulsmann, M. Quittan, R. Berger, R. Crevenna, C. Springer, M. Nuhr, D. Mortl, P. Moser, and R. Pacher Muscle strength as a predictor of long-term survival in severe congestive heart failure Eur J Heart Fail, January 1, 2004; 6(1): 101 - 107. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Dalla Libera, B. Ravara, M. Volterrani, V. Gobbo, M. Della Barbera, A. Angelini, D. D. Betto, E. Germinario, and G. Vescovo Beneficial effects of GH/IGF-1 on skeletal muscle atrophy and function in experimental heart failure Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, January 1, 2004; 286(1): C138 - C144. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Aquilani, C. Opasich, M. Verri, F. Boschi, O. Febo, E. Pasini, and O. Pastoris Is nutritional intake adequate in chronic heart failure patients? J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 1, 2003; 42(7): 1218 - 1223. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Gielen, V. Adams, S. Mobius-Winkler, A. Linke, S. Erbs, J. Yu, W. Kempf, A. Schubert, G. Schuler, and R. Hambrecht Anti-inflammatory effects of exercise training in the skeletal muscle of patients with chronic heart failure J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 3, 2003; 42(5): 861 - 868. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Persinger, Y. Janssen-Heininger, S. S. Wing, D. E. Matthews, M. M. LeWinter, and M. J. Toth Effect of heart failure on the regulation of skeletal muscle protein synthesis, breakdown, and apoptosis Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, May 1, 2003; 284(5): E1001 - E1008. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Reiken, A. Lacampagne, H. Zhou, A. Kherani, S. E. Lehnart, C. Ward, F. Huang, M. Gaburjakova, J. Gaburjakova, N. Rosemblit, et al. PKA phosphorylation activates the calcium release channel (ryanodine receptor) in skeletal muscle: defective regulation in heart failure J. Cell Biol., March 17, 2003; 160(6): 919 - 928. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 ATS/ACCP Statement on Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., January 15, 2003; 167(2): 211 - 277. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. C. Schulze, J. Kratzsch, A. Linke, N. Schoene, V. Adams, S. Gielen, S. Erbs, S. Moebius-Winkler, and G. Schuler Elevated serum levels of leptin and soluble leptin receptor in patients with advanced chronic heart failure Eur J Heart Fail, January 1, 2003; 5(1): 33 - 40. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T.J. Kufel, L.A. Pineda, R.G. Junega, R. Hathwar, and M.J. Mador Diaphragmatic function after intense exercise in congestive heart failure patients Eur. Respir. J., December 1, 2002; 20(6): 1399 - 1405. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Vescovo, B. Ravara, V. Gobbo, M. Sandri, A. Angelini, M. Della Barbera, M. Dona, G. Peluso, M. Calvani, L. Mosconi, et al. L-Carnitine: a potential treatment for blocking apoptosis and preventing skeletal muscle myopathy in heart failure Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, September 1, 2002; 283(3): C802 - C810. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Vescovo, B. Ravara, A. Angelini, M. Sandri, U. Carraro, C. Ceconi, and L. D. Libera Effect of thalidomide on the skeletal muscle in experimental heart failure Eur J Heart Fail, August 1, 2002; 4(4): 455 - 460. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Taegtmeyer, P. McNulty, and M. E. Young Adaptation and Maladaptation of the Heart in Diabetes: Part I: General Concepts Circulation, April 9, 2002; 105(14): 1727 - 1733. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Shiotani, H. Sato, H. Sato, H. Yokoyama, Y. Ohnishi, E. Hishida, K. Kinjo, D. Nakatani, T. Kuzuya, and M. Hori Muscle pump-dependent self-perfusion mechanism in legs in normal subjects and patients with heart failure J Appl Physiol, April 1, 2002; 92(4): 1647 - 1654. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R Sharma and S.D Anker From tissue wasting to cachexia: changes in peripheral blood flow and skeletal musculature Eur. Heart J. Suppl., April 1, 2002; 4(suppl_D): D12 - D17. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. A. Hunt, D. W. Baker, M. H. Chin, M. P. Cinquegrani, A. M. Feldmanmd, G. S. Francis, T. G. Ganiats, S. Goldstein, G. Gregoratos, M. L. Jessup, et al. ACC/AHA Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in the Adult: Executive Summary A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Revise the 1995 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure) Circulation, December 11, 2001; 104(24): 2996 - 3007. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. A. Hunt, D. W. Baker, M. H. Chin, M. P. Cinquegrani, A. M. Feldman, G. S. Francis, T. G. Ganiats, S. Goldstein, G. Gregoratos, M. L. Jessup, et al. ACC/AHA guidelines for the evaluation and management of chronic heart failure in the adult: executive summary: A report of the american college of cardiology/american heart association task force on practice guidelines (committee to revise the 1995 guidelines for the evaluation and management of heart failure) developed in collaboration with the international society for heart and lung transplantation endorsed by the heart failure society of america J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., December 1, 2001; 38(7): 2101 - 2113. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. G. Aschenbach, G. L. Brower, R. J. Talmadge, J. L. Dobson, and L. B. Gladden Effect of a myocardial volume overload on lactate transport in skeletal muscle sarcolemmal vesicles Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, July 1, 2001; 281(1): R176 - R186. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Cicoira, L. Zanolla, L. Franceschini, A. Rossi, G. Golia, M. Zamboni, P. Tosoni, and P. Zardini Skeletal muscle mass independently predicts peak oxygen consumption and ventilatory response during exercise in noncachectic patients with chronic heart failure J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 15, 2001; 37(8): 2080 - 2085. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. K. A. Witte, A. L. Clark, and J. G. F. Cleland Chronic heart failure and micronutrients J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 1, 2001; 37(7): 1765 - 1774. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. de Jonge, H. Kirkels, J. R. Lahpor, C. Klopping, E. J. Hulzebos, A. Brutel de la Riviere, and E. O. Robles de Medina Exercise performance in patients with end-stage heart failure after implantation of a left ventricular assist device and after heart transplantation: An outlook for permanent assisting? J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 1, 2001; 37(7): 1794 - 1799. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Dalla Libera, B. Ravara, A. Angelini, K. Rossini, M. Sandri, G. Thiene, G. Battista Ambrosio, and G. Vescovo Beneficial Effects on Skeletal Muscle of the Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blocker Irbesartan in Experimental Heart Failure Circulation, May 1, 2001; 103(17): 2195 - 2200. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D Harrington, S.D Anker, and A.J.S Coats Preservation of exercise capacity and lack of peripheral changes in asymptomatic patients with severely impaired left ventricular function Eur. Heart J., March 1, 2001; 22(5): 392 - 399. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Schaufelberger, B. O. Eriksson, L. Lonn, B. Rundqvist, K. S. Sunnerhagen, and K. Swedberg Skeletal muscle characteristics, muscle strength and thigh muscle area in patients before and after cardiac transplantation Eur J Heart Fail, January 1, 2001; 3(1): 59 - 67. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. C Scott, D. P Francis, L C. Davies, P. Ponikowski, A. J S Coats, and M. F Piepoli Contribution of skeletal muscle 'ergoreceptors' in the human leg to respiratory control in chronic heart failure J. Physiol., December 15, 2000; 529(3): 863 - 870. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G Vescovo, M Volterrani, R Zennaro, M Sandri, C Ceconi, R Lorusso, R Ferrari, G B Ambrosio, and L Dalla Libera Apoptosis in the skeletal muscle of patients with heart failure: investigation of clinical and biochemical changes Heart, October 1, 2000; 84(4): 431 - 437. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Stenvinkel, O. Heimburger, B. Lindholm, G. A. Kaysen, and J. Bergstrom Are there two types of malnutrition in chronic renal failure? Evidence for relationships between malnutrition, inflammation and atherosclerosis (MIA syndrome) Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., July 1, 2000; 15(7): 953 - 960. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. D. Katz, C. Maskin, G. Jondeau, T. Cocke, R. Berkowitz, and T. LeJemtel Near-maximal fractional oxygen extraction by active skeletal muscle in patients with chronic heart failure J Appl Physiol, June 1, 2000; 88(6): 2138 - 2142. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Maiorana, G. O'Driscoll, C. Cheetham, J. Collis, C. Goodman, S. Rankin, R. Taylor, and D. Green Combined aerobic and resistance exercise training improves functional capacity and strength in CHF J Appl Physiol, May 1, 2000; 88(5): 1565 - 1570. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. R Gosker, E. F. Wouters, G. J van der Vusse, and A. M. Schols Skeletal muscle dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic heart failure: underlying mechanisms and therapy perspectives Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, May 1, 2000; 71(5): 1033 - 1047. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C Berry and A.L Clark Catabolism in chronic heart failure Eur. Heart J., April 1, 2000; 21(7): 521 - 532. [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Kiilavuori, H. Naveri, T. Salmi, and M. Harkonen The effect of physical training on skeletal muscle in patients with chronic heart failure Eur J Heart Fail, March 1, 2000; 2(1): 53 - 63. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A Hanada, K Okita, K Yonezawa, M Ohtsubo, T Kohya, T Murakami, H Nishijima, M Tamura, and A Kitabatake Dissociation between muscle metabolism and oxygen kinetics during recovery from exercise in patients with chronic heart failure Heart, February 1, 2000; 83(2): 161 - 166. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Ponikowski, M. Piepoli, T.P. Chua, W. Banasiak, D. Francis, S.D. Anker, and A.J.S. Coats The impact of cachexia on cardiorespiratory reflex control in chronic heart failure Eur. Heart J., November 2, 1999; 20(22): 1667 - 1675. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. dalla Libera, R. Zennaro, M. Sandri, G. B. Ambrosio, and G. Vescovo Apoptosis and atrophy in rat slow skeletal muscles in chronic heart failure Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, November 1, 1999; 277(5): C982 - C986. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Opasich, N. Ambrosino, G. Felicetti, R. Aquilani, E. Pasini, D. Bergitto, A. Mazza, F. Cobelli, and L. Tavazzi Heart failure-related myopathy. Clinical and pathophysiological insights Eur. Heart J., August 2, 1999; 20(16): 1191 - 1200. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S.D. Anker, P.P. Ponikowski, A.L. Clark, F. Leyva, M. Rauchhaus, M. Kemp, M.M. Teixeira, P.G. Hellewell, J. Hooper, P.A. Poole-Wilson, et al. Cytokines and neurohormones relating to body composition alterations in the wasting syndrome of chronic heart failure Eur. Heart J., May 1, 1999; 20(9): 683 - 693. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Belardinelli, D. Georgiou, G. Cianci, and A. Purcaro Randomized, Controlled Trial of Long-Term Moderate Exercise Training in Chronic Heart Failure : Effects on Functional Capacity, Quality of Life, and Clinical Outcome Circulation, March 9, 1999; 99(9): 1173 - 1182. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. D. Anker and A. J. S. Coats Cardiac Cachexia: A Syndrome With Impaired Survival and Immune and Neuroendocrine Activation Chest, March 1, 1999; 115(3): 836 - 847. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A Simonini, K Chang, P Yue, C S Long, and B M Massie Expression of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase is reduced in rats with postinfarction heart failure Heart, March 1, 1999; 81(3): 303 - 307. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Francis, A. Cohen-Solal, and D. Logeart Peripheral muscle ergoreceptors and ventilatory response during exercise recovery in heart failure Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, March 1, 1999; 276(3): H913 - H917. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. A. Kobashigawa, D. A. Leaf, N. Lee, M. P. Gleeson, H. Liu, M. A. Hamilton, J. D. Moriguchi, N. Kawata, K. Einhorn, E. Herlihy, et al. A Controlled Trial of Exercise Rehabilitation after Heart Transplantation N. Engl. J. Med., January 28, 1999; 340(4): 272 - 277. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Hambrecht, V. Adams, S. Gielen, A. Linke, S. Mobius-Winkler, J. Yu, J. Niebauer, H. Jiang, E. Fiehn, and G. Schuler Exercise intolerance in patients with chronic heart failure and increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the skeletal muscle J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 1, 1999; 33(1): 174 - 179. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. T. Poehlman Special Considerations in Design of Trials with Elderly Subjects: Unexplained Weight Loss, Body Composition and Energy Expenditure J. Nutr., January 1, 1999; 129(1): 260S - 260S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Vescovo, L. Dalla Libera, F. Serafini, C. Leprotti, L. Facchin, M. Volterrani, C. Ceconi, and G. B. Ambrosio Improved Exercise Tolerance After Losartan and Enalapril in Heart Failure : Correlation With Changes in Skeletal Muscle Myosin Heavy Chain Composition Circulation, October 27, 1998; 98(17): 1742 - 1749. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. P. Thomas, O. Hudlicka, M. D. Brown, and D. Deveci Alterations in small arterioles precede changes in limb skeletal muscle after myocardial infarction Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, September 1, 1998; 275(3): H1032 - H1039. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Niebauer, C.-D. Pflaum, A. L. Clark, C. J. Strasburger, J. Hooper, P. A. Poole-Wilson, A. J. S. Coats, and S. D. Anker Deficient insulin-like growth factor I in chronic heart failure predicts altered body composition, anabolic deficiency, cytokine and neurohormonal activation J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 1, 1998; 32(2): 393 - 397. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Vescovo, C. Ceconi, P. Bernocchi, R. Ferrari, U. Carraro, G. B. Ambrosio, and L. Dalla Libera Skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain expression in rats with monocrotaline-induced cardiac hypertrophy and failure. Relation to blood flow and degree of muscle atrophy Cardiovasc Res, July 1, 1998; 39(1): 233 - 241. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. L Clark, D. Harrington, T. P. Chua, and A. J S Coats Exercise capacity in chronic heart failure is related to the aetiology of heart disease Heart, December 1, 1997; 78(6): 569 - 571. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. D. Anker, T. P. Chua, P. Ponikowski, D. Harrington, J. W. Swan, W. J. Kox, P. A. Poole-Wilson, and A. J. S. Coats Hormonal Changes and Catabolic/Anabolic Imbalance in Chronic Heart Failure and Their Importance for Cardiac Cachexia Circulation, July 15, 1997; 96(2): 526 - 534. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Tikunov, S. Levine, and D. Mancini Chronic Congestive Heart Failure Elicits Adaptations of Endurance Exercise in Diaphragmatic Muscle Circulation, February 18, 1997; 95(4): 910 - 916. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. C. Lang, D. B. Chomsky, G. Rayos, T. K. Yeoh, and J. R. Wilson Skeletal muscle mass and exercise performance in stable ambulatory patients with heart failure J Appl Physiol, January 1, 1997; 82(1): 257 - 261. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Mancini, S. Katz, L. Donchez, and K. Aaronson Coupling of Hemodynamic Measurements With Oxygen Consumption During Exercise Does Not Improve Risk Stratification in Patients With Heart Failure Circulation, November 15, 1996; 94(10): 2492 - 2496. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. R. Wilson, J. Groves, and G. Rayos Circulatory Status and Response to Cardiac Rehabilitation in Patients With Heart Failure Circulation, October 1, 1996; 94(7): 1567 - 1572. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Petrou, D. G. Wynne, K. R. Boheler, and M. H. Yacoub Clenbuterol Induces Hypertrophy of the Latissimus Dorsi Muscle and Heart in the Rat With Molecular and Phenotypic Changes Circulation, November 1, 1995; 92(9): 483 - 489. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Packer Is Tumor Necrosis Factor an Important Neurohormonal Mechanism in Chronic Heart Failure? Circulation, September 15, 1995; 92(6): 1379 - 1382. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Puri, B. L. Baker, D. P. Dutka, C. M. Oakley, J. M. B. Hughes, and J. G. F. Cleland Reduced Alveolar–Capillary Membrane Diffusing Capacity in Chronic Heart Failure : Its Pathophysiological Relevance and Relationship to Exercise Performance Circulation, June 1, 1995; 91(11): 2769 - 2774. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. M. Mancini, D. Henson, J. L. Manca, L. Donchez, and S. Levine Benefit of Selective Respiratory Muscle Training on Exercise Capacity in Patients With Chronic Congestive Heart Failure Circulation, January 15, 1995; 91(2): 320 - 329. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. R. Wilson Exercise Intolerance in Heart Failure : Importance of Skeletal Muscle Circulation, January 15, 1995; 91(2): 559 - 561. [Full Text]
|
|