Circulation, Vol 85, 979-987, Copyright © 1992 by American Heart Association
FG St. Goar, FJ Pinto, EL Alderman, HA Valantine, JS Schroeder, SZ Gao, EB Stinson and RL Popp
BACKGROUND. Accelerated coronary atherosclerosis is a major factor limiting
allograft longevity in cardiac transplant recipients. Histopathology
studies have demonstrated the insensitivity of coronary angiography for
detecting early atheromatous disease in this patient population.
Intracoronary ultrasound is a new imaging technique that provides
characterization of vessel wall morphology. The purpose of this study was
to compare in vivo intracoronary ultrasound with angiography in cardiac
transplant recipients. METHODS AND RESULTS. The left anterior descending
coronary artery was studied with intracoronary ultrasound in 80 cardiac
transplant recipients at the time of routine screening coronary angiography
2 weeks to 13 years after transplantation. A mean and index of intimal
thickening were obtained at four coronary sites. Intimal proliferation was
classified as minimal, mild, moderate, or severe according to thickness and
degree of vessel circumference involved. Twenty patients were studied
within 1 month of transplantation and had no angiographic evidence of
coronary disease. An intimal layer was visualized by ultrasound in only 13
of these 20 presumably normal hearts. The 60 patients studied 1 year or
more after transplantation all had at least minimal intimal thickening.
Twenty-one patients (35%) showed minimal or mild, 17 (28%) moderate, and 21
(35%) severe thickening. Forty-two of these 60 patients had
angiographically normal coronary arteries, 21 (50%) of whom had either
moderate or severe thickening. All 18 patients with angiographic evidence
of coronary disease had moderate or severe intimal thickening, but there
was no statistically significant difference in intimal thickness or index
when compared with the patients with moderate or severe proliferation and
normal angiograms (thickness, 0.53 +/- 0.35 mm versus 0.64 +/- 0.30 mm, p =
NS; index, 0.28 +/- 0.10 versus 0.34 +/- 0.10, p = NS). CONCLUSIONS. The
majority of patients 1 or more years after cardiac transplantation have
ultrasound evidence of intimal thickening not apparent by angiography.
Intracoronary ultrasound offers early detection and quantitation of
transplant coronary disease and provides characterization of vessel wall
morphology, which may prove to be a prognostic marker of disease.
ARTICLES
Intracoronary ultrasound in cardiac transplant recipients. In vivo evidence of "angiographically silent" intimal thickening
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305.
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  F. Prati, E. Regar, G. S. Mintz, E. Arbustini, C. Di Mario, I.-K. Jang, T. Akasaka, M. Costa, G. Guagliumi, E. Grube, et al. Expert review document on methodology, terminology, and clinical applications of optical coherence tomography: physical principles, methodology of image acquisition, and clinical application for assessment of coronary arteries and atherosclerosis Eur. Heart J., November 4, 2009; (2009) ehp433v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Tissot, S. Buckvold, C. M. Phelps, D. D. Ivy, D. N. Campbell, M. B. Mitchell, S. O. da Cruz, B. A. Pietra, and S. D. Miyamoto Outcome of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for early primary graft failure after pediatric heart transplantation. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 18, 2009; 54(8): 730 - 737. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. S. Kassab, J. S. Choy, M. Svendsen, A. K. Sinha, M. Alloosh, M. Sturek, Y. Huo, G. E. Sandusky, and J. Hermiller A novel system for the reconstruction of a coronary artery lumen profile in real time: a preclinical validation Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, July 1, 2009; 297(1): H485 - H492. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Bastarrika, C. N. De Cecco, M. Arraiza, S. Mastrobuoni, J. C. Pueyo, M. Ubilla, and G. Rabago Dual-Source CT for Visualization of the Coronary Arteries in Heart Transplant Patients with High Heart Rates Am. J. Roentgenol., August 1, 2008; 191(2): 448 - 454. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Schmauss and M. Weis Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy: Recent Developments Circulation, April 22, 2008; 117(16): 2131 - 2141. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E Eroglu, J D'hooge, G R Sutherland, A Marciniak, D Thijs, W Droogne, L Herbots, J Van Cleemput, P Claus, B Bijnens, et al. Quantitative dobutamine stress echocardiography for the early detection of cardiac allograft vasculopathy in heart transplant recipients Heart, February 1, 2008; 94(2): e3 - e3. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. R. Bogot, R. Durst, D. Shaham, and D. Admon Cardiac CT of the Transplanted Heart: Indications, Technique, Appearance, and Complications RadioGraphics, September 1, 2007; 27(5): 1297 - 1309. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. R.F.F. Pedra, C. A.C. Pedra, A. A. Abizaid, S. L.N. Braga, R. Staico, R. Arrieta, J. R. Costa Jr, V. D. Vaz, V. F. Fontes, and J. E. R. Sousa Intracoronary Ultrasound Assessment Late After the Arterial Switch Operation for Transposition of the Great Arteries J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 21, 2005; 45(12): 2061 - 2068. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. M. Tuzcu, S. R. Kapadia, R. Sachar, K. M. Ziada, T. D. Crowe, J. Feng, W. A. Magyar, R. E. Hobbs, R. C. Starling, J. B. Young, et al. Intravascular Ultrasound Evidence of Angiographically Silent Progression in Coronary Atherosclerosis Predicts Long-Term Morbidity and Mortality After Cardiac Transplantation J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 3, 2005; 45(9): 1538 - 1542. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Petrakopoulou, M. Kubrich, S. Pehlivanli, B. Meiser, B. Reichart, W. von Scheidt, and M. Weis Cytomegalovirus Infection in Heart Transplant Recipients Is Associated With Impaired Endothelial Function Circulation, September 14, 2004; 110(11_suppl_1): II-207 - II-212. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Kato, M. C. Y. Chan, S.-Z. Gao, J. S. Schroeder, M. Yokota, T. Murohara, M. Iwase, A. Noda, S. A. Hunt, and H. A. Valantine Glucose intolerance, as reflected by hemoglobin a1c level, is associated with the incidence and severity of transplant coronary artery disease J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 17, 2004; 43(6): 1034 - 1041. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. R. Mehra, P. A. Uber, H. O. Ventura, R. L. Scott, and M. H. Park The impact of mode of donor brain death on cardiac allograft vasculopathy: An intravascular ultrasound study J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 3, 2004; 43(5): 806 - 810. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. G. Densem, I. V. Hutchinson, N. Yonan, and N. H. Brooks Influence of IFN-{gamma} polymorphism on the development of coronary vasculopathy after cardiac transplantation Ann. Thorac. Surg., March 1, 2004; 77(3): 875 - 880. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Weis, T. N. Kledal, K. Y. Lin, S. N. Panchal, S. Z. Gao, H. A. Valantine, E. S. Mocarski, and J. P. Cooke Cytomegalovirus Infection Impairs the Nitric Oxide Synthase Pathway: Role of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine in Transplant Arteriosclerosis Circulation, February 3, 2004; 109(4): 500 - 505. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. F. Fearon, M. Nakamura, D. P. Lee, M. Rezaee, R. H. Vagelos, S. A. Hunt, P. J. Fitzgerald, P. G. Yock, and A. C. Yeung Simultaneous Assessment of Fractional and Coronary Flow Reserves in Cardiac Transplant Recipients: Physiologic Investigation for Transplant Arteriopathy (PITA Study) Circulation, September 30, 2003; 108(13): 1605 - 1610. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 V. Marti, I. Romeo, R. Aymat, J. Garcia, P. Guiteras, M. Ballester, N. Aminian, J. M. Caralps, and J. M. Auge Coronary endothelial dysfunction as a predictor of intimal thickening in the long term after heart transplantation J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., December 1, 2001; 122(6): 1174 - 1180. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Dandel, M. Hummel, J. Muller, E. Wellnhofer, R. Meyer, N. Solowjowa, R. Ewert, and R. Hetzer Reliability of Tissue Doppler Wall Motion Monitoring After Heart Transplantation for Replacement of Invasive Routine Screenings by Optimally Timed Cardiac Biopsies and Catheterizations Circulation, September 18, 2001; 104 (2009): I-184 - I-191. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. R. Kapadia, S. E. Nissen, K. M. Ziada, G. Rincon, T. D. Crowe, N. Boparai, J. B. Young, and E. M. Tuzcu Impact of lipid abnormalities in development and progression of transplant coronary disease: a serial intravascular ultrasound study J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 1, 2001; 38(1): 206 - 213. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
U. Sechtem Do heart transplant recipients need annual coronary angiography? Eur. Heart J., June 1, 2001; 22(11): 895 - 897. [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G.R Ciliberto, L Ruffini, M Mangiavacchi, M Parolini, R Sara, D Massa, R De Maria, E Gronda, E Vitali, and O Parodi Resting echocardiography and quantitative dipyridamole technetium-99m sestamibi tomography in the identification of cardiac allograft vasculopathy and the prediction of long-term prognosis after heart transplantation Eur. Heart J., June 1, 2001; 22(11): 964 - 971. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Farzaneh-Far, F. D. Knollmann, R. Felix, W. Bocksch, S. Spiegelsberger, M. Hummel, and R. Hetzer Electron-Beam Computed Tomography in the Assessment of Coronary Artery Disease After Heart Transplantation Response Circulation, March 13, 2001; 103 (10): e60 - e60. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. F. Mulla, J. K. Johnston, L. Vander Dussen, W. L. Beeson, R. E. Chinnock, L. L. Bailey, and R. L. Larsen Late rejection is a predictor of transplant coronary artery disease in children J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 1, 2001; 37(1): 243 - 250. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. M. Aranda Jr. and J. Hill Cardiac Transplant Vasculopathy Chest, December 1, 2000; 118(6): 1792 - 1800. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K Pethig, V Klauss, B Heublein, H Mudra, A Westphal, C Weber, K Theisen, and A Haverich Progression of cardiac allograft vascular disease as assessed by serial intravascular ultrasound: correlation to immunological and non-immunological risk factors Heart, November 1, 2000; 84(5): 494 - 498. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Fateh-Moghadam, W. Bocksch, A. Ruf, T. Dickfeld, M. Schartl, G. Pogatsa-Murray, R. Hetzer, E. Fleck, and M. Gawaz Changes in Surface Expression of Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins and Progression of Heart Transplant Vasculopathy Circulation, August 22, 2000; 102(8): 890 - 897. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. E. Cooke, G. M. Eaton, G. Whitby, R. A. Kennedy, P. F. Binkley, M. L. Moeschberger, and C. V. Leier Plasma atherogenic markers in congestive heart failure and posttransplant (heart) patients J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 1, 2000; 36(2): 509 - 516. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Kuhn, K. R. Jutzy, D. D. Deming, C. E. Cephus, R. E. Chinnock, J. Johnston, L. L. Bailey, and R. L. Larsen The medium-term findings in coronary arteries by intravascular ultrasound in infants and children after heart transplantation J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 1, 2000; 36(1): 250 - 254. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. D. Knollmann, W. Bocksch, S. Spiegelsberger, R. Hetzer, R. Felix, and M. Hummel Electron-Beam Computed Tomography in the Assessment of Coronary Artery Disease After Heart Transplantation Circulation, May 2, 2000; 101(17): 2078 - 2082. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Holvoet, J. Van Cleemput, D. Collen, and J. Vanhaecke Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein Is a Prognostic Marker of Transplant-Associated Coronary Artery Disease Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, March 1, 2000; 20(3): 698 - 702. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. A. Rossignol, B. Kipreos, K. Akosah, and P. K. Mohanty Accelerated Transplant Coronary Artery Disease and Massive Silent Acute Myocardial Infarction in a Heart Transplant Patient: A Case Report and Brief Review of Literature Angiology, November 1, 1999; 50(11): 947 - 953. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. H. Spes, V. Klauss, H. Mudra, S. D. Schnaack, A. R. Tammen, J. Rieber, U. Siebert, K.-H. Henneke, P. Uberfuhr, B. Reichart, et al. Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Serial Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography for Noninvasive Assessment of Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy : A Comparison With Coronary Angiography and Intravascular Ultrasound Circulation, August 3, 1999; 100(5): 509 - 515. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. L. Knisely, L. A. Mastey, J. Collins, J. E. Kuhlman, and A. N. Leung Imaging of Cardiac Transplantation Complications RadioGraphics, March 1, 1999; 19(2): 321 - 341. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. L. Wolford, T. J. Donohue, R. G. Bach, J. H. Drury, E. A. Caracciolo, M. J. Kern, and L. W. Miller Heterogeneity of Coronary Flow Reserve in the Examination of Multiple Individual Allograft Coronary Arteries Circulation, February 9, 1999; 99(5): 626 - 632. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P.F. Ludman, F. Lazem, M. Barbir, and M. Yacoub Incidence and clinical relevance of coronary calcification detected by electron beam computed tomography in heart transplant recipients Eur. Heart J., February 2, 1999; 20(4): 303 - 308. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. R. Kapadia, S. E. Nissen, K. M. Ziada, V. Guetta, T. D. Crowe, R. E. Hobbs, R. C. Starling, J. B. Young, and E. M. Tuzcu Development of Transplantation Vasculopathy and Progression of Donor-Transmitted Atherosclerosis : Comparison by Serial Intravascular Ultrasound Imaging Circulation, December 15, 1998; 98(24): 2672 - 2678. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. A. Hunt Current Status of Cardiac Transplantation JAMA, November 18, 1998; 280(19): 1692 - 1698. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Lamich, M. Ballester, V. Marti, V. Brossa, R. Aymat, I. Carrio, L. Berna, M. Camprecios, M. Puig, M. Estorch, et al. Efficacy of augmented immunosuppressive therapy for early vasculopathy in heart transplantation J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 1, 1998; 32(2): 413 - 419. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. L. Larsen, P. M. Applegate, D. A. Dyar, P. A. Ribeiro, S. D. Fritzsche, N. F. Mulla, G. S. Shirali, M. A. Kuhn, R. E. Chinnock, and P. M. Shah Dobutamine stress echocardiography for assessing coronary artery disease after transplantation in children J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 1, 1998; 32(2): 515 - 520. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Hoang, Y.-D. I. Chen, G. Reaven, L. Zhang, H. Ross, M. Billingham, and H. Valantine Diabetes and Dyslipidemia : A New Model for Transplant Coronary Artery Disease Circulation, June 2, 1998; 97(21): 2160 - 2168. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. A. Jarcho and E. J. Mark Case 17-1998- A 53-Year-Old Man with Left Ventricular Dysfunction Four Years after a Heart Transplantation N. Engl. J. Med., May 28, 1998; 338(22): 1608 - 1616. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Holvoet, J.-M. Stassen, J. Van Cleemput, D. Collen, and J. Vanhaecke Oxidized Low Density Lipoproteins in Patients With Transplant-Associated Coronary Artery Disease Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, January 1, 1998; 18(1): 100 - 107. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. K. Hong, J. Vossoughi, G. S. Mintz, R. D. Kauffman, R. F. Hoyt Jr, J. F. Cornhill, E. E. Herderick, M. B. Leon, and J. M. Hoeg Altered Compliance and Residual Strain Precede Angiographically Detectable Early Atherosclerosis in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Deficiency Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, October 1, 1997; 17(10): 2209 - 2217. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Weis and W. von Scheidt Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy : A Review Circulation, September 16, 1997; 96(6): 2069 - 2077. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. T. Lim, D. H. Liang, J. Botas, J. S. Schroeder, S. N. Oesterle, and A. C. Yeung Role of Compensatory Enlargement and Shrinkage in Transplant Coronary Artery Disease: Serial Intravascular Ultrasound Study Circulation, February 18, 1997; 95(4): 855 - 859. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. F. Kofoed, J. Czernin, J. Johnson, J. Kobashigawa, M. E. Phelps, H. Laks, and H. R. Schelbert Effects of Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy on Myocardial Blood Flow, Vasodilatory Capacity, and Coronary Vasomotion Circulation, February 4, 1997; 95(3): 600 - 606. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. T. Lim, J. Botas, H. Ross, D. H. Liang, J. Theodore, S. A. Hunt, S. N. Oesterle, and A. C. Yeung Are Heart-Lung Transplant Recipients Protected From Developing Transplant Coronary Artery Disease?: A Case-Matched Intracoronary Ultrasound Study Circulation, October 1, 1996; 94(7): 1573 - 1577. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. C. Madsen, D. H. Sachs, J. T. Fallon, and N. J. Weissman CARDIAC ALLOGRAFT VASCULOPATHY IN PARTIALLY INBRED MINIATURE SWINE. I. TIME COURSE, PATHOLOGY, AND DEPENDENCE ON IMMUNE MECHANISMS J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., June 1, 1996; 111(6): 1230 - 1239. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. F. Davis, A. C. Yeung, I. T. Meredith, F. Charbonneau, P. Ganz, A. P. Selwyn, and T. J. Anderson Early Endothelial Dysfunction Predicts the Development of Transplant Coronary Artery Disease at 1 Year Posttransplant Circulation, February 1, 1996; 93(3): 457 - 462. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. R. Rickenbacher, F. J. Pinto, N. P. Lewis, S. A. Hunt, E. L. Alderman, J. S. Schroeder, E. B. Stinson, B. W. Brown, and H. A. Valantine Prognostic Importance of Intimal Thickness as Measured by Intracoronary Ultrasound After Cardiac Transplantation Circulation, December 15, 1995; 92(12): 3445 - 3452. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Takata, K. Saku, T. Ohta, M. Takata, H. Bai, S. Jimi, R. Liu, H. Sato, G. Kajiyama, and K. Arakawa A New Case of ApoA-I Deficiency Showing Codon 8 Nonsense Mutation of the ApoA-I Gene Without Evidence of Coronary Heart Disease Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, November 1, 1995; 15(11): 1866 - 1874. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. A. Caracciolo, T. L. Wolford, R. D. Underwood, T. J. Donohue, R. G. Bach, L. W. Miller, and M. J. Kern Influence of Intimal Thickening on Coronary Blood Flow Responses in Orthotopic Heart Transplant Recipients : A Combined Intravascular Doppler and Ultrasound Imaging Study Circulation, November 1, 1995; 92(9): 182 - 190. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Lemstrom, P. Koskinen, L. Krogerus, M. Daemen, C. Bruggeman, and P. Hayry Cytomegalovirus Antigen Expression, Endothelial Cell Proliferation, and Intimal Thickening in Rat Cardiac Allografts After Cytomegalovirus Infection Circulation, November 1, 1995; 92(9): 2594 - 2604. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. C. Stary, A. B. Chandler, R. E. Dinsmore, V. Fuster, S. Glagov, W. Insull Jr, M. E. Rosenfeld, C. J. Schwartz, W. D. Wagner, and R. W. Wissler A Definition of Advanced Types of Atherosclerotic Lesions and a Histological Classification of Atherosclerosis : A Report From the Committee on Vascular Lesions of the Council on Arteriosclerosis, American Heart Association Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, September 1, 1995; 15(9): 1512 - 1531. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Botas, F. J. Pinto, A. Chenzbraun, D. Liang, J. S. Schroeder, S. N. Oesterle, E. L. Alderman, R. L. Popp, and A. C. Yeung Influence of Preexistent Donor Coronary Artery Disease on the Progression of Transplant Vasculopathy : An Intravascular Ultrasound Study Circulation, September 1, 1995; 92(5): 1126 - 1132. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. C. Stary, A. B. Chandler, R. E. Dinsmore, V. Fuster, S. Glagov, W. Insull Jr, M. E. Rosenfeld, C. J. Schwartz, W. D. Wagner, and R. W. Wissler A Definition of Advanced Types of Atherosclerotic Lesions and a Histological Classification of Atherosclerosis : A Report From the Committee on Vascular Lesions of the Council on Arteriosclerosis, American Heart Association Circulation, September 1, 1995; 92(5): 1355 - 1374. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Nakatani, M. Yamagishi, J. Tamai, Y. Goto, T. Umeno, A. Kawaguchi, C. Yutani, and K. Miyatake Assessment of Coronary Artery Distensibility by Intravascular Ultrasound : Application of Simultaneous Measurements of Luminal Area and Pressure Circulation, June 15, 1995; 91(12): 2904 - 2910. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. C. Deng, S. Bell, P. Huie, F. Pinto, S. A. Hunt, E. B. Stinson, R. Sibley, B. M. Hall, and H. A. Valantine Cardiac Allograft Vascular Disease : Relationship to Microvascular Cell Surface Markers and Inflammatory Cell Phenotypes on Endomyocardial Biopsy Circulation, March 15, 1995; 91(6): 1647 - 1654. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Hausmann, R. Erbel, M.-J. Alibelli-Chemarin, W. Boksch, E. Caracciolo, J. M. Cohn, S. C. Culp, W. G. Daniel, I. De Scheerder, C. DiMario, et al. The Safety of Intracoronary Ultrasound : A Multicenter Survey of 2207 Examinations Circulation, February 1, 1995; 91(3): 623 - 630. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|