Circulation, Vol 84, 654-664, Copyright © 1991 by American Heart Association
WH Martin 3d, T Ogawa, WM Kohrt, MT Malley, E Korte, PS Kieffer and KB Schechtman
BACKGROUND. Blood pressure and total peripheral resistance increase with
age. However, the effect of age on vasodilatory capacity has not been
characterized. METHODS AND RESULTS. To delineate the effects of aging,
gender, and physical training on peripheral vascular function, we measured
blood pressure during submaximal and maximal treadmill exercise and
measured blood pressure, calf blood flow, and calf conductance (blood
flow/mean blood pressure) at rest and during maximal hyperemia in 58
healthy sedentary subjects (men aged 25 +/- 5 and 65 +/- 3 years and women
aged 27 +/- 5 and 65 +/- 4 years) and in 52 endurance exercise-trained
subjects (men aged 30 +/- 3 and 65 +/- 4 years and women aged 27 +/- 3 and
65 +/- 3 years). Systolic and mean blood pressures were higher at rest,
during maximal calf hyperemia, and during submaximal exercise of the same
intensity in the older than in the younger subjects of the same gender and
exercise training status (p less than 0.01). The magnitude of the
age-related effect on blood pressure during exercise was greater in women
than in men (p less than 0.01). Diastolic blood pressure during submaximal
exercise was also higher in the older than in the younger subjects (p less
than 0.05) but not in women treated with estrogen replacement. In contrast,
systolic and mean blood pressures during submaximal work were lower in
physically conditioned subjects than in sedentary age- and gender- matched
subjects (p less than 0.05) but not in older women. Increased age was
associated with reduced maximal calf conductance in women (p less than
0.01) but not in men. However, calf vasodilatory capacity was higher in
trained than in untrained subjects (p less than 0.01), regardless of age
and gender. There was a significant inverse relation between maximal calf
conductance and systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures during
submaximal exercise (r = -0.31 to -0.53, p less than 0.01) and a direct
relation between maximal calf conductance and maximal oxygen uptake (r =
0.66, p less than 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS. Thus, for healthy subjects between
the ages of 25 and 65 years, there is an interactive effect between age and
gender and an independent effect of physical training on peripheral
vascular function.
ARTICLES
Effects of aging, gender, and physical training on peripheral vascular function
Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.
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