Circulation, Vol 84, 527-539, Copyright © 1991 by American Heart Association
BACKGROUND. Atrial fibrillation in the absence of rheumatic valvular
disease is associated with a fivefold to sevenfold increased risk of
ischemic stroke. METHODS AND MAIN RESULTS. The Stroke Prevention in Atrial
Fibrillation Study, a multicenter, randomized trial, compared 325 mg/day
aspirin (double-blind) or warfarin with placebo for prevention of ischemic
stroke and systemic embolism (primary events), and included 1,330
inpatients and outpatients with constant or intermittent atrial
fibrillation. During a mean follow-up of 1.3 years, the rate of primary
events in patients assigned to placebo was 6.3% per year and was reduced by
42% in those assigned to aspirin (3.6% per year; p = 0.02; 95% confidence
interval, 9-63%). In the subgroup of warfarin-eligible patients (most less
than 76 years old), warfarin dose- adjusted to prolong prothrombin time to
1.3-fold to 1.8-fold that of control reduced the risk of primary events by
67% (warfarin versus placebo, 2.3% versus 7.4% per year; p = 0.01; 95%
confidence interval, 27-85%). Primary events or death were reduced 58% (p =
0.01) by warfarin and 32% (p = 0.02) by aspirin. The risk of significant
bleeding was 1.5%, 1.4%, and 1.6% per year in patients assigned to
warfarin, aspirin, and placebo, respectively. CONCLUSIONS. Aspirin and
warfarin are both effective in reducing ischemic stroke and systemic
embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation. Because warfarin- eligible
patients composed a subset of all aspirin-eligible patients, the magnitude
of reduction in events by warfarin versus aspirin cannot be compared. Too
few events occurred in warfarin-eligible patients to directly assess the
relative benefit of aspirin compared with warfarin, and the trial is
continuing to address this issue. Patients with nonrheumatic atrial
fibrillation who can safely take either aspirin or warfarin should receive
prophylactic antithrombotic therapy to reduce the risk of stroke.
ARTICLES
Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Study. Final results
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  D. R. Holmes Jr and R. S. Schwartz Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion Eliminates the Need for Warfarin Circulation, November 10, 2009; 120(19): 1919 - 1926. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. E. Chan, J. M. Lazarus, R. Thadhani, and R. M. Hakim Warfarin Use Associates with Increased Risk for Stroke in Hemodialysis Patients with Atrial Fibrillation J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., October 1, 2009; 20(10): 2223 - 2233. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. D. Ezekowitz, M. J. Koti, and B. Fulton Reducing Stroke Rates in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: How Low Can We Go? Circulation, September 29, 2009; 120(13): 1169 - 1170. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Pisters, T. Dinh, H. J. Crijns, D. Chua, M. Legal, S. J. Shalansky, T. Richard, F. Butaffuoco, M. Vanhaeverbeek, L. B. Goldstein, et al. Clopidogrel plus aspirin in atrial fibrillation. N. Engl. J. Med., September 24, 2009; 361(13): 1312 - 1313. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. J. Ellis, M. H. Usman, P. G. Milner, D. M. Canafax, and M. D. Ezekowitz The First Evaluation of a Novel Vitamin K Antagonist, Tecarfarin (ATI-5923), in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Circulation, September 22, 2009; 120(12): 1029 - 1035. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. A. Crandall, D. J. Bradley, D. L. Packer, and S. J. Asirvatham Contemporary Management of Atrial Fibrillation: Update on Anticoagulation and Invasive Management Strategies Mayo Clin. Proc., July 1, 2009; 84(7): 643 - 662. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Hur, Y. J. Kim, H.-J. Lee, J.-W. Ha, J. H. Heo, E.-Y. Choi, C.-Y. Shim, T. H. Kim, J. E. Nam, K. O. Choe, et al. Left Atrial Appendage Thrombi in Stroke Patients: Detection with Two-Phase Cardiac CT Angiography versus Transesophageal Echocardiography Radiology, June 1, 2009; 251(3): 683 - 690. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. M. Famakin, M. I. Chimowitz, M. J. Lynn, B. J. Stern, M. G. George, and for the WASID Trial Investigators Causes and Severity of Ischemic Stroke in Patients With Symptomatic Intracranial Arterial Stenosis Stroke, June 1, 2009; 40(6): 1999 - 2003. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Lakshminarayan, D. C. Anderson, D. R. Jacobs Jr., C. A. Barber, and R. V. Luepker Stroke Rates: 1980-2000: The Minnesota Stroke Survey Am. J. Epidemiol., May 1, 2009; 169(9): 1070 - 1078. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. L. Flaherty, O. Adeoye, P. Sekar, M. Haverbusch, C. J. Moomaw, H. Tao, J. P. Broderick, and D. Woo The Challenge of Designing a Treatment Trial for Warfarin-Associated Intracerebral Hemorrhage Stroke, May 1, 2009; 40(5): 1738 - 1742. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. van Walraven, R. G. Hart, S. Connolly, P. C. Austin, J. Mant, F.D. R. Hobbs, P. J. Koudstaal, P. Petersen, F. Perez-Gomez, J. A. Knottnerus, et al. Effect of Age on Stroke Prevention Therapy in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: The Atrial Fibrillation Investigators Stroke, April 1, 2009; 40(4): 1410 - 1416. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Friberg, N. Hammar, and M. Rosenqvist Stroke in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: report from the Stockholm Cohort of Atrial Fibrillation Eur. Heart J., January 27, 2009; (2009) ehn599v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L V Andersen, P Vestergaard, P Deichgraeber, J S Lindholt, L S Mortensen, and L Frost Warfarin for the prevention of systemic embolism in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis Heart, December 1, 2008; 94(12): 1607 - 1613. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. C. Johnston The 2008 William M. Feinberg Lecture: Prioritizing Stroke Research Stroke, December 1, 2008; 39(12): 3431 - 3436. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
2006 WRITING COMMITTEE MEMBERS, R. O. Bonow, B. A. Carabello, K. Chatterjee, A. C. de Leon Jr, D. P. Faxon, M. D. Freed, W. H. Gaasch, B. W. Lytle, R. A. Nishimura, et al. 2008 Focused Update Incorporated Into the ACC/AHA 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 1998 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease): Endorsed by the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons Circulation, October 7, 2008; 118(15): e523 - e661. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. O. Bonow, B. A. Carabello, K. Chatterjee, A. C. de Leon Jr, D. P. Faxon, M. D. Freed, W. H. Gaasch, B. W. Lytle, R. A. Nishimura, P. T. O'Gara, et al. 2008 Focused Update Incorporated Into the ACC/AHA 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 1998 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease) Endorsed by the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 23, 2008; 52(13): e1 - e142. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Ansell, J. Hirsh, E. Hylek, A. Jacobson, M. Crowther, and G. Palareti Pharmacology and Management of the Vitamin K Antagonists: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition) Chest, June 1, 2008; 133(6_suppl): 160S - 198S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Patrono, C. Baigent, J. Hirsh, and G. Roth Antiplatelet Drugs: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition) Chest, June 1, 2008; 133(6_suppl): 199S - 233S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. E. Singer, G. W. Albers, J. E. Dalen, M. C. Fang, A. S. Go, J. L. Halperin, G. Y. H. Lip, and W. J. Manning Antithrombotic Therapy in Atrial Fibrillation: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition) Chest, June 1, 2008; 133(6_suppl): 546S - 592S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Levi, G. K. Hovingh, S. C. Cannegieter, M. Vermeulen, H. R. Buller, and F. R. Rosendaal Bleeding in patients receiving vitamin K antagonists who would have been excluded from trials on which the indication for anticoagulation was based Blood, May 1, 2008; 111(9): 4471 - 4476. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. L. Hansen, N. Gadsboll, G. H. Gislason, S. Z. Abildstrom, T. K. Schramm, F. Folke, J. Friberg, R. Sorensen, S. Rasmussen, H. E. Poulsen, et al. Atrial fibrillation pharmacotherapy after hospital discharge between 1995 and 2004: a shift towards beta-blockers Europace, April 1, 2008; 10(4): 395 - 402. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. L Garwood and T. L Corbett Use of Anticoagulation in Elderly Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Who Are at Risk for Falls Ann. Pharmacother., April 1, 2008; 42(4): 523 - 532. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. D. Ezekowitz and R. Nagarakanti Letter Regarding Article by Connolly et al, "Challenges of Establishing New Antithrombotic Therapies in Atrial Fibrillation" Circulation, February 5, 2008; 117(5): e149 - e149. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. K. Voeller, R. B. Schuessler, and R. J. Damiano Jr. Surgical Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation Card. Surg. Adult, January 1, 2008; 3(2008): 1375 - 1394. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. R. Marler NINDS Clinical Trials in Stroke: Lessons Learned and Future Directions Stroke, December 1, 2007; 38(12): 3302 - 3307. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. H. Hohnloser, D. Pajitnev, J. Pogue, J. S. Healey, M. A. Pfeffer, S. Yusuf, S. J. Connolly, and for the ACTIVE W Investigators Incidence of Stroke in Paroxysmal Versus Sustained Atrial Fibrillation in Patients Taking Oral Anticoagulation or Combined Antiplatelet Therapy: An ACTIVE W Substudy J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 27, 2007; 50(22): 2156 - 2161. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Kirchhof, A. Auricchio, J. Bax, H. Crijns, J. Camm, H.-C. Diener, A. Goette, G. Hindricks, S. Hohnloser, L. Kappenberger, et al. Outcome parameters for trials in atrial fibrillation: executive summary: Recommendations from a consensus conference organized by the German Atrial Fibrillation Competence NETwork (AFNET) and the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) Eur. Heart J., November 2, 2007; 28(22): 2803 - 2817. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. A. Nutescu ASHP Therapeutic Position Statement on Antithrombotic Therapy in Chronic Atrial Fibrillation Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm., November 1, 2007; 64(21): 2281 - 2291. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Kirchhof, A. Auricchio, J. Bax, H. Crijns, J. Camm, H.-C. Diener, A. Goette, G. Hindricks, S. Hohnloser, L. Kappenberger, et al. Outcome parameters for trials in atrial fibrillation: Recommendations from a consensus conference organized by the German Atrial Fibrillation Competence NETwork and the European Heart Rhythm Association Europace, November 1, 2007; 9(11): 1006 - 1023. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 The Stroke Risk in Atrial Fibrillation Working Gro Independent predictors of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation: A systematic review Neurology, August 7, 2007; 69(6): 546 - 554. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. J. Connolly, J. Eikelboom, M. O'Donnell, J. Pogue, and S. Yusuf Challenges of Establishing New Antithrombotic Therapies in Atrial Fibrillation Circulation, July 24, 2007; 116(4): 449 - 455. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. G. Hart, L. A. Pearce, and M. I. Aguilar Meta-analysis: Antithrombotic Therapy to Prevent Stroke in Patients Who Have Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation Ann Intern Med, June 19, 2007; 146(12): 857 - 867. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Holbrook, R. Labiris, C. H. Goldsmith, K. Ota, S. Harb, and R. J. Sebaldt Influence of decision aids on patient preferences for anticoagulant therapy: a randomized trial Can. Med. Assoc. J., May 22, 2007; 176(11): 1583 - 1587. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Abboud, J. Labreuche, F. Gongora-Riverra, A. Jaramillo, C. Duyckaerts, P. G. Steg, J.-J. Hauw, and P. Amarenco Prevalence and Determinants of Subdiaphragmatic Visceral Infarction in Patients With Fatal Stroke Stroke, May 1, 2007; 38(5): 1442 - 1446. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. B. Sick, G. Schuler, K. E. Hauptmann, E. Grube, S. Yakubov, Z. G. Turi, G. Mishkel, S. Almany, and D. R. Holmes Initial Worldwide Experience With the WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage System for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 3, 2007; 49(13): 1490 - 1495. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. L. Glazer, S. Dublin, N. L. Smith, B. French, L. A. Jackson, J. B. Hrachovec, D. S. Siscovick, B. M. Psaty, and S. R. Heckbert Newly Detected Atrial Fibrillation and Compliance With Antithrombotic Guidelines Arch Intern Med, February 12, 2007; 167(3): 246 - 252. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. Bakir, F. P. Casselman, P. Brugada, P. Geelen, F. Wellens, I. Degrieck, F. Van Praet, Y. Vermeulen, R. De Geest, and H. Vanermen Current Strategies in the Surgical Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation: Review of the Literature and Onze Lieve Vrouw Clinic's Strategy Ann. Thorac. Surg., January 1, 2007; 83(1): 331 - 340. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Testa, G. Trotta, A. Abbate, P. Agostoni, and G. G.L. Biondi-Zoccai The Hurdles of Warfarin and the Hurdles of Clinical Practice Stroke, December 1, 2006; 37(12): 2867 - 2867. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Monte, A. Macchia, F. Pellegrini, M. Romero, V. Lepore, A. D'Ettorre, M. Saugo, L. Tavazzi, and G. Tognoni Antithrombotic treatment is strongly underused despite reducing overall mortality among high-risk elderly patients hospitalized with atrial fibrillation Eur. Heart J., September 2, 2006; 27(18): 2217 - 2223. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Writing Committee Members, V. Fuster, L. E. Ryden, D. S. Cannom, H. J. Crijns, A. B. Curtis, K. A. Ellenbogen, J. L. Halperin, J.-Y. Le Heuzey, G. N. Kay, et al. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: full text: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2001 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation) Developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society Europace, September 1, 2006; 8(9): 651 - 745. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Fuster, L. E. Ryden, D. S. Cannom, H. J. Crijns, A. B. Curtis, K. A. Ellenbogen, J. L. Halperin, J.-Y. Le Heuzey, G. N. Kay, J. E. Lowe, et al. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation--Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2001 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation) Developed in Collaboration With the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 15, 2006; 48(4): 854 - 906. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Fuster, L. E. Ryden, D. S. Cannom, H. J. Crijns, A. B. Curtis, K. A. Ellenbogen, J. L. Halperin, J.-Y. Le Heuzey, G. N. Kay, J. E. Lowe, et al. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2001 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation) Developed in Collaboration With the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 15, 2006; 48(4): e149 - e246. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Fuster, L. E. Ryden, D. S. Cannom, H. J. Crijns, A. B. Curtis, K. A. Ellenbogen, J. L. Halperin, J.-Y. Le Heuzey, G. N. Kay, J. E. Lowe, et al. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2001 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation): Developed in Collaboration With the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society Circulation, August 15, 2006; 114(7): e257 - e354. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Fuster, L. E. Ryden, D. S. Cannom, H. J. Crijns, A. B. Curtis, K. A. Ellenbogen, J. L. Halperin, J.-Y. Le Heuzey, G. N. Kay, J. E. Lowe, et al. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation--Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2001 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation): Developed in Collaboration With the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society Circulation, August 15, 2006; 114(7): 700 - 752. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Authors/Task Force Members, V. Fuster, L. E. Ryden, D. S. Cannom, H. J. Crijns, A. B. Curtis, K. A. Ellenbogen, J. L. Halperin, J.-Y. Le Heuzey, G. N. Kay, et al. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation executive summary: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2001 Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation) Developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society Eur. Heart J., August 2, 2006; 27(16): 1979 - 2030. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Friberg, N. Hammar, M. Ringh, H. Pettersson, and M. Rosenqvist Stroke prophylaxis in atrial fibrillation: who gets it and who does not?: Report from the Stockholm Cohort-study on Atrial Fibrillation (SCAF-study) Eur. Heart J., August 2, 2006; 27(16): 1954 - 1964. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. O. Bonow, B. A. Carabello, K. Chatterjee, A. C. de Leon Jr, D. P. Faxon, M. D. Freed, W. H. Gaasch, B. W. Lytle, R. A. Nishimura, P. T. O'Gara, et al. ACC/AHA 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 1998 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease) Developed in Collaboration With the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists Endorsed by the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 1, 2006; 48(3): e1 - e148. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. O. Bonow, B. A. Carabello, K. Chatterjee, A. C. de Leon Jr, D. P. Faxon, M. D. Freed, W. H. Gaasch, B. W. Lytle, R. A. Nishimura, P. T. O'Gara, et al. ACC/AHA 2006 Practice Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 1998 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease) Developed in Collaboration With the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists Endorsed by the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 1, 2006; 48(3): 598 - 675. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S DeWilde, I M Carey, C Emmas, N Richards, and D G Cook Trends in the prevalence of diagnosed atrial fibrillation, its treatment with anticoagulation and predictors of such treatment in UK primary care Heart, August 1, 2006; 92(8): 1064 - 1070. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. J. Cooper, A. J. Sutton, G. Lu, and K. Khunti Mixed comparison of stroke prevention treatments in individuals with nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation. Arch Intern Med, June 26, 2006; 166(12): 1269 - 1275. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Testa, G. Trotta, A. Abbate, P. Agostoni, and G. G.L. Biondi-Zoccai Low-Dose Aspirin for Stroke Prevention Stroke, June 1, 2006; 37(6): 1356 - 1356. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. S. Mullenix, M. J. Martin, S. R. Steele, G. S. Lavenson Jr, B. W. Starnes, N. C. Hadro, R. P. Peterson, and C. A. Andersen Rapid High-Volume Population Screening for Three Major Risk Factors of Future Stroke: Phase I Results Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, May 1, 2006; 40(3): 177 - 187. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Somerfield, P. A. Barber, N. E. Anderson, A. Kumar, D. Spriggs, A. Charleston, P. Bennett, Y. Baker, and L. Ross Not All Patients With Atrial Fibrillation-Associated Ischemic Stroke Can Be Started on Anticoagulant Therapy Stroke, May 1, 2006; 37(5): 1217 - 1220. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. C. Pruitt, R. R. Lazzara, G. H. Dworkin, V. Badhwar, C. Kuma, and G. Ebra Totally Endoscopic Ablation of Lone Atrial Fibrillation: Initial Clinical Experience Ann. Thorac. Surg., April 1, 2006; 81(4): 1325 - 1331. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Birman-Deych, M. J. Radford, D. S. Nilasena, and B. F. Gage Use and Effectiveness of Warfarin in Medicare Beneficiaries With Atrial Fibrillation Stroke, April 1, 2006; 37(4): 1070 - 1074. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C J Currie, M Jones, J Goodfellow, P McEwan, C L Morgan, C Emmas, and J R Peters Evaluation of survival and ischaemic and thromboembolic event rates in patients with non-valvar atrial fibrillation in the general population when treated and untreated with warfarin Heart, February 1, 2006; 92(2): 196 - 200. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Sato, K. Ishikawa, A. Kitabatake, S. Ogawa, Y. Maruyama, Y. Yokota, T. Fukuyama, Y. Doi, S. Mochizuki, T. Izumi, et al. Low-Dose Aspirin for Prevention of Stroke in Low-Risk Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Japan Atrial Fibrillation Stroke Trial Stroke, February 1, 2006; 37(2): 447 - 451. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. I. Aguilar and R. G. Hart Antiplatelet Therapy for Preventing Stroke in Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation and No Previous History of Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attacks Stroke, January 1, 2006; 37(1): 274 - 275. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Kaul, G. A. Diamond, and W. S. Weintraub Trials and Tribulations of Non-Inferiority: The Ximelagatran Experience J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., December 6, 2005; 46(11): 1986 - 1995. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Patrono, L. A. Garcia Rodriguez, R. Landolfi, and C. Baigent Low-dose aspirin for the prevention of atherothrombosis. N. Engl. J. Med., December 1, 2005; 353(22): 2373 - 2383. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Additional Information JAMA, November 2, 2005; 294(17): E1 - E3. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. L. Waldo, R. C. Becker, V. F. Tapson, K. J. Colgan, and for the NABOR Steering Committee Hospitalized Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and a High Risk of Stroke Are Not Being Provided With Adequate Anticoagulation J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 1, 2005; 46(9): 1729 - 1736. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Kohsaka, R. R. Sciacca, K. Sugioka, R. L. Sacco, S. Homma, and M. R. Di Tullio Electrocardiographic Left Atrial Abnormalities and Risk of Ischemic Stroke Stroke, November 1, 2005; 36(11): 2481 - 2483. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Miyasaka, M. E. Barnes, B. J. Gersh, S. S. Cha, J. B. Seward, K. R. Bailey, T. Iwasaka, and T. S.M. Tsang Time Trends of Ischemic Stroke Incidence and Mortality in Patients Diagnosed With First Atrial Fibrillation in 1980 to 2000: Report of a Community-Based Study Stroke, November 1, 2005; 36(11): 2362 - 2366. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Rienstra, D. J. Van Veldhuisen, V. E. Hagens, A. V. Ranchor, N. J.G.M. Veeger, H. J.G.M. Crijns, I. C. Van Gelder, and for the RACE Investigators Gender-Related Differences in Rhythm Control Treatment in Persistent Atrial Fibrillation: Data of the Rate Control Versus Electrical Cardioversion (RACE) Study J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 4, 2005; 46(7): 1298 - 1306. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Man-Son-Hing, B. F. Gage, A. A. Montgomery, A. Howitt, R. Thomson, P. J. Devereaux, J. Protheroe, T. Fahey, D. Armstrong, and A. Laupacis Preference-Based Antithrombotic Therapy in Atrial Fibrillation: Implications for Clinical Decision Making Med Decis Making, September 1, 2005; 25(5): 548 - 559. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. B. Gorelick and S. M. Weisman Risk of Hemorrhagic Stroke With Aspirin Use: An Update Stroke, August 1, 2005; 36(8): 1801 - 1807. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. H. Falk Rate Control Is Preferable to Rhythm Control in the Majority of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Circulation, June 14, 2005; 111(23): 3141 - 3150. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. J. Lim, C. Roychoudhury, P. L. Baker, E. Bossone, and R. H. Mehta Differences in quality of care among patients hospitalized with atrial fibrillation as primary or secondary cause for admission Int. J. Qual. Health Care, June 1, 2005; 17(3): 255 - 258. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Voller In defence of current treatment options: where are we now? Eur. Heart J. Suppl., June 1, 2005; 7(suppl_E): E4 - E9. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R Katira, A Chauhan, and R S More Direct thrombin inhibitors: novel antithrombotics on the horizon in the thromboprophylactic management of atrial fibrillation Postgrad. Med. J., June 1, 2005; 81(956): 370 - 375. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. G. Sherman, S. G. Kim, B. S. Boop, S. D. Corley, J. P. DiMarco, R. G. Hart, L. J. Haywood, K. Hoyte, E. S. Kaufman, M. H. Kim, et al. Occurrence and Characteristics of Stroke Events in the Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up Investigation of Sinus Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) Study Arch Intern Med, May 23, 2005; 165(10): 1185 - 1191. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. M.W. Bath, L. Zhao, and S. Heptinstall Current status of stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation Eur. Heart J. Suppl., May 1, 2005; 7(suppl_C): C12 - C18. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Emmerich, J.-Y. Le Heuzey, P. M.W. Bath, and S. J. Connolly Indication for antithrombotic therapy for atrial fibrillation: reconciling the guidelines with clinical practice Eur. Heart J. Suppl., May 1, 2005; 7(suppl_C): C28 - C33. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Schulman and R. J. Beyth Risk of bleeding with long-term antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation Eur. Heart J. Suppl., May 1, 2005; 7(suppl_C): C34 - C40. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. S.J. Miller, M. F. Drummond, L. K. Langkilde, J. J.V. McMurray, and M. Ogren Economic factors associated with antithrombotic treatments for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation Eur. Heart J. Suppl., May 1, 2005; 7(suppl_C): C41 - C54. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. L. O'Brien and B. F. Gage Costs and Effectiveness of Ximelagatran for Stroke Prophylaxis in Chronic Atrial Fibrillation JAMA, February 9, 2005; 293(6): 699 - 706. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. L. Page Newly Diagnosed Atrial Fibrillation N. Engl. J. Med., December 2, 2004; 351(23): 2408 - 2416. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. W. Reynolds, K. Fahrbach, O. Hauch, G. Wygant, R. Estok, C. Cella, and L. Nalysnyk Warfarin Anticoagulation and Outcomes in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis Chest, December 1, 2004; 126(6): 1938 - 1945. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Z R Yousef, S C Tandy, V Tudor, F Jishi, R J Trent, D K Watson, and R P W Cowell Warfarin for non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation: five year experience in a district general hospital Heart, November 1, 2004; 90(11): 1259 - 1262. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. F. Gage, C. van Walraven, L. Pearce, R. G. Hart, P. J. Koudstaal, B.S.P. Boode, and P. Petersen Selecting Patients With Atrial Fibrillation for Anticoagulation: Stroke Risk Stratification in Patients Taking Aspirin Circulation, October 19, 2004; 110(16): 2287 - 2292. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. D. Flemming and R. D. Brown Jr Secondary Prevention Strategies in Ischemic Stroke: Identification and Optimal Management of Modifiable Risk Factors Mayo Clin. Proc., October 1, 2004; 79(10): 1330 - 1340. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. H. Humphries, C. R. Kerr, M. Steinbuch, P. Dorian, and for The Canadian Registry of Atrial Fibrillation Limitations to antiarrhythmic drug use in patients with atrial fibrillation Can. Med. Assoc. J., September 28, 2004; 171(7): 741 - 745. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Ansell, J. Hirsh, L. Poller, H. Bussey, A. Jacobson, and E. Hylek The Pharmacology and Management of the Vitamin K Antagonists: The Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy Chest, September 1, 2004; 126(3_suppl): 204S - 233S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Patrono, B. Coller, G. A. FitzGerald, J. Hirsh, and G. Roth Platelet-Active Drugs: The Relationships Among Dose, Effectiveness, and Side Effects: The Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy Chest, September 1, 2004; 126(3_suppl): 234S - 264S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. E. Singer, G. W. Albers, J. E. Dalen, A. S. Go, J. L. Halperin, and W. J. Manning Antithrombotic Therapy in Atrial Fibrillation: The Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy Chest, September 1, 2004; 126(3_suppl): 429S - 456S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J L Martins, K F Fox, D A Wood, D C Lefroy, T J Collier, and N S Peters Rapid access arrhythmia clinic for the diagnosis and management of new arrhythmias presenting in the community: a prospective, descriptive study Heart, August 1, 2004; 90(8): 877 - 881. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Crystal and S. J Connolly Role of oral anticoagulation in management of atrial fibrillation Heart, July 1, 2004; 90(7): 813 - 817. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. D. Ezekowitz and R. H. Falk The Increasing Need for Anticoagulant Therapy to Prevent Stroke in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Mayo Clin. Proc., July 1, 2004; 79(7): 904 - 913. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. S. Steinberg, A. Sadaniantz, J. Kron, A. Krahn, D. M. Denny, J. Daubert, W. B. Campbell, E. Havranek, K. Murray, B. Olshansky, et al. Analysis of Cause-Specific Mortality in the Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) Study Circulation, April 27, 2004; 109(16): 1973 - 1980. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Vora, D. Karnad, V. Goyal, A. Naik, A. Gupta, Y. Lokhandwala, H. Kulkarni, and B. N. Singh Control of Heart Rate Versus Rhythm in Rheumatic Atrial Fibrillation: A Randomized Study Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, April 1, 2004; 9(2): 65 - 73. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. B. Dowd Anticoagulation in the Elderly Journal of Pharmacy Practice, April 1, 2004; 17(2): 94 - 102. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S.B. Olsson New advances in stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: ximelagatran and direct thrombin inhibition Eur. Heart J. Suppl., April 1, 2004; 6(suppl_B): B20 - B24. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|