Circulation, Vol 83, 836-844, Copyright © 1991 by American Heart Association
JW Yarnell, IA Baker, PM Sweetnam, D Bainton, JR O'Brien, PJ Whitehead and PC Elwood
BACKGROUND. Recent studies have suggested that hemostatic factors and white
blood cell count are predictive of ischemic heart disease (IHD). The
relations of fibrinogen, viscosity, and white blood cell count to the
incidence of IHD in the Caerphilly and Speedwell prospective studies are
described. METHODS AND RESULTS. The two studies have a common core protocol
and are based on a combined cohort of 4,860 middle- aged men from the
general population. The first follow-up was at a nearly constant interval
of 5.1 years in Caerphilly and 3.2 years in Speedwell; 251 major IHD events
had occurred. Age-adjusted relative odds of IHD for men in the top 20% of
the distribution compared with the bottom 20% were 4.1 (95% confidence
interval, 2.6-6.5) for fibrinogen, 4.5 (95% confidence interval, 2.8-7.4)
for viscosity, and 3.2 (95% confidence interval, 2.0-4.9) for white blood
cell count. Associations with IHD were similar in men who had never smoked,
exsmokers, and current smokers, and the results suggest that at least part
of the effect of smoking on IHD is mediated through fibrinogen, viscosity,
and white blood cell count. Multivariate analysis shows that white blood
cell count is an independent risk factor for IHD as is either fibrinogen or
viscosity, or possibly both. Jointly, these three variables significantly
improve the fit of a logistic regression model containing all the main
conventional risk factors. Further, a model including age, smoking habits,
fibrinogen, viscosity, and white blood cell count predicts IHD as well as
one in which the three hemostatic/rheological variables are replaced by
total cholesterol, diastolic pressure, and body mass index. CONCLUSION.
Jointly, fibrinogen, viscosity, and white blood cell count are important
risk factors for IHD.
ARTICLES
Fibrinogen, viscosity, and white blood cell count are major risk factors for ischemic heart disease. The Caerphilly and Speedwell collaborative heart disease studies
Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK.
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  S. Sen, A. Hinderliter, P. K. Sen, J. Simmons, V. A. LeGrys, J. Beck, S. Offenbacher, K. Moss, and S. M. Oppenheimer Association of Leukocyte Count With Progression of Aortic Atheroma in Stroke/Transient Ischemic Attack Patients Stroke, November 1, 2007; 38(11): 2900 - 2905. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T W Weiss, H Kvakan, C Kaun, M Prager, W S Speidl, G Zorn, S Pfaffenberger, I Huk, G Maurer, K Huber, et al. No evidence for a direct role of Helicobacter pylori and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in carotid artery atherosclerosis J. Clin. Pathol., November 1, 2006; 59(11): 1186 - 1190. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Sastry, G. Riding, J. Morris, D. Taberner, N. Cherry, A. Heagerty, and C. McCollum Young Adult Myocardial Infarction and Ischemic Stroke: The Role of Paradoxical Embolism and Thrombophilia (The YAMIS Study) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 15, 2006; 48(4): 686 - 691. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Mora, N. Rifai, J. E. Buring, and P. M Ridker Additive Value of Immunoassay-Measured Fibrinogen and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Levels for Predicting Incident Cardiovascular Events Circulation, August 1, 2006; 114(5): 381 - 387. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S.-W. Song, H.-S. Lee, M. S. Kim, J. M. Lee, J. H. Kim, B.-H. Nam, and J. I. Zo Preoperative Serum Fibrinogen Level Predicts Postoperative Pulmonary Complications After Lung Cancer Resection Ann. Thorac. Surg., June 1, 2006; 81(6): 1974 - 1981. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Dorr, D. M. Robinson, H. Wallaschofski, C. Schwahn, U. John, S. B. Felix, and H. Volzke Low Serum Thyrotropin Is Associated with High Plasma Fibrinogen J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., February 1, 2006; 91(2): 530 - 534. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Woodward, G. D.O. Lowe, D. J. Campbell, S. Colman, A. Rumley, J. Chalmers, B. C. Neal, A. Patel, A. J. Jenkins, B. E. Kemp, et al. Associations of Inflammatory and Hemostatic Variables With the Risk of Recurrent Stroke Stroke, October 1, 2005; 36(10): 2143 - 2147. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. D. Smith, Y. Ben-Shlomo, A. Beswick, J. Yarnell, S. Lightman, and P. Elwood Cortisol, Testosterone, and Coronary Heart Disease: Prospective Evidence From the Caerphilly Study Circulation, July 19, 2005; 112(3): 332 - 340. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Sabeti, M. Exner, W. Mlekusch, J. Amighi, P. Quehenberger, H. Rumpold, G. Maurer, E. Minar, O. Wagner, and M. Schillinger Prognostic Impact of Fibrinogen in Carotid Atherosclerosis: Nonspecific Indicator of Inflammation or Independent Predictor of Disease Progression? Stroke, July 1, 2005; 36(7): 1400 - 1404. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Verschuur, M. de Jong, L. Felida, M. P. M. de Maat, and H. L. Vos A Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor-3 Site in the Fibrinogen {beta} Promoter Is Important for Interleukin 6-induced Expression, and Its Activity Is Influenced by the Adjacent -148C/T Polymorphism J. Biol. Chem., April 29, 2005; 280(17): 16763 - 16771. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. L. Margolis, J. E. Manson, P. Greenland, R. J. Rodabough, P. F. Bray, M. Safford, R. H. Grimm Jr, B. V. Howard, A. R. Assaf, R. Prentice, et al. Leukocyte Count as a Predictor of Cardiovascular Events and Mortality in Postmenopausal Women: The Women's Health Initiative Observational Study Arch Intern Med, March 14, 2005; 165(5): 500 - 508. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Tedgui The role of inflammation in atherothrombosis: implications for clinical practice Vascular Medicine, February 1, 2005; 10(1): 45 - 53. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. M. L. Chapman, J. P. Beilby, B. M. McQuillan, P. L. Thompson, and J. Hung Monocyte Count, But Not C-Reactive Protein or Interleukin-6, Is an Independent Risk Marker for Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis Stroke, July 1, 2004; 35(7): 1619 - 1624. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J.W.G Yarnell, C.C Patterson, P.M Sweetnam, and G.D.O Lowe Haemostatic/inflammatory markers predict 10-year risk of IHD at least as well as lipids: the Caerphilly collaborative studies Eur. Heart J., June 2, 2004; 25(12): 1049 - 1056. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Haim, V. Boyko, U. Goldbourt, A. Battler, and S. Behar Predictive Value of Elevated White Blood Cell Count in Patients With Preexisting Coronary Heart Disease: The Bezafibrate Infarction Prevention Study Arch Intern Med, February 23, 2004; 164(4): 433 - 439. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Kaul and H. Ito Microvasculature in Acute Myocardial Ischemia: Part I: Evolving Concepts in Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment Circulation, January 20, 2004; 109(2): 146 - 149. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Horvath, L. Szapary, Z. Marton, T. Alexy, G. Kesmarky, and K. Toth Short-term effects of atorvastatin on haemorheologic parameters, platelet aggregation and endothelium dysfunction in patients with hypercholesterolaemia Eur. Heart J., January 1, 2004; 25(1): 96 - 96. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. J Howard, J. Souchek, and T. C Collins Ischaemic outcomes assessment survey: A pilot study in patients with peripheral arterial disease The British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease, November 1, 2003; 3(6): 424 - 430. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W Babisch, H Ising, and J E J Gallacher Health status as a potential effect modifier of the relation between noise annoyance and incidence of ischaemic heart disease Occup. Environ. Med., October 1, 2003; 60(10): 739 - 745. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Kamath and G.Y.H. Lip Fibrinogen: biochemistry, epidemiology and determinants QJM, October 1, 2003; 96(10): 711 - 729. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H S Gurm, D L Bhatt, A M Lincoff, J E Tcheng, D J Kereiakes, N S Kleiman, G Jia, and E J Topol Impact of preprocedural white blood cell count on long term mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention: insights from the EPIC, EPILOG, and EPISTENT trials Heart, October 1, 2003; 89(10): 1200 - 1204. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Tsiara, M. Elisaf, and D. P. Mikhailidis Influence of Smoking on Predictors of Vascular Disease Angiology, September 1, 2003; 54(5): 507 - 530. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Frohlich, M. Sund, H. Lowel, A. Imhof, A. Hoffmeister, and W. Koenig Independent association of various smoking characteristics with markers of systemic inflammation in men: Results from a representative sample of the general population (MONICA Augsburg Survey 1994/95) Eur. Heart J., July 2, 2003; 24(14): 1365 - 1372. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. E. J. Gallacher, P. M. Sweetnam, J. W. G. Yarnell, P. C. Elwood, and S. A. Stansfeld Is Type A Behavior Really a Trigger for Coronary Heart Disease Events? Psychosom Med, May 1, 2003; 65(3): 339 - 346. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. R. Kensey Rheology: An Overlooked Component of Vascular Disease Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis, April 1, 2003; 9(2): 93 - 99. [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Martiskainen, T. Pohjasvaara, J. Mikkelsson, R. Mantyla, T. Kunnas, P. Laippala, E. Ilveskoski, M. Kaste, P.J. Karhunen, and T. Erkinjuntti Fibrinogen Gene Promoter -455 A Allele as a Risk Factor for Lacunar Stroke Stroke, April 1, 2003; 34(4): 886 - 891. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S.C. Kofoed, H.H. Wittrup, H. Sillesen, and B.G. Nordestgaard Fibrinogen predicts ischaemic stroke and advanced atherosclerosis but not echolucent, rupture-prone carotid plaques: The Copenhagen City Heart Study Eur. Heart J., March 2, 2003; 24(6): 567 - 576. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. A. Pearson, G. A. Mensah, R. W. Alexander, J. L. Anderson, R. O. Cannon III, M. Criqui, Y. Y. Fadl, S. P. Fortmann, Y. Hong, G. L. Myers, et al. Markers of Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease: Application to Clinical and Public Health Practice: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Heart Association Circulation, January 28, 2003; 107(3): 499 - 511. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. S.V. Elkind, R. Sciacca, B. Boden-Albala, S. Homma, and M. R. Di Tullio Leukocyte Count Is Associated With Aortic Arch Plaque Thickness Stroke, November 1, 2002; 33(11): 2587 - 2592. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Temelkova-Kurktschiev, C. Koehler, E. Henkel, and M. Hanefeld Leukocyte count and fibrinogen are associated with carotid and femoral intima-media thickness in a risk population for diabetes Cardiovasc Res, November 1, 2002; 56(2): 277 - 283. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Karnicki, W. G. Owen, R. S. Miller, and R. D. McBane II Factors Contributing to Individual Propensity for Arterial Thrombosis Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, September 1, 2002; 22(9): 1495 - 1499. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. McCANLIES, D. P. LANDSITTEL, B. YUCESOY, V. VALLYATHAN, M. L. LUSTER, and D. S. SHARP Significance of Genetic Information in Risk Assessment and Individual Classification Using Silicosis as a Case Model Ann. Hyg., June 1, 2002; 46(4): 375 - 381. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T.-H. Wu, T.-K. Lee, M.-F. Yen, T.-H. Tung, and T. H.-H. Chen Long-term mortality assessment using biological measures among elderly people. Ten-year follow-up of 597 healthy elderly subjects in Taiwan Fam. Pract., June 1, 2002; 19(3): 272 - 277. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. L. Benowitz, A. Hansson, and P. Jacob III Cardiovascular Effects of Nasal and Transdermal Nicotine and Cigarette Smoking Hypertension, June 1, 2002; 39(6): 1107 - 1112. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Abou-Raya, A. Naeem, H. A.-E. Kheir, and S. El Beltagy Coronary Artery Disease and Periodontal Disease: Is There a Link? Angiology, March 1, 2002; 53(2): 141 - 148. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M L Bots, P C Elwood, J T Salonen, A Freire de Concalves, J Sivenius, A Di Carlo, Y Nikitin, V Benetou, J Tuomilehto, P J Koudstaal, et al. Level of fibrinogen and risk of fatal and non-fatal stroke. EUROSTROKE: a collaborative study among research centres in Europe J Epidemiol Community Health, February 1, 2002; 56(90001): i14 - 18. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Habon, G. Kesmarky, and K. Toth Omega-3 fatty acids improve haemodynamic and haemorheologic parameters and lipid profiles in patients with cardiovascular diseases Eur. Heart J., January 1, 2002; 23(1): 89 - 89. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. May, P. McCarron, S. Stansfeld, Y. Ben-Shlomo, J. Gallacher, J. Yarnell, G. Davey Smith, P. Elwood, and S. Ebrahim Does Psychological Distress Predict the Risk of Ischemic Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack?: The Caerphilly Study Stroke, January 1, 2002; 33(1): 7 - 12. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. S. Elkind, J. Cheng, B. Boden-Albala, T. Rundek, J. Thomas, H. Chen, L. E. Rabbani, R. L. Sacco, and A. G. Thrift Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Levels Are Associated With Carotid Atherosclerosis * Editorial Comment Stroke, January 1, 2002; 33(1): 31 - 38. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G Davey Smith, R Greenwood, D Gunnell, P Sweetnam, J Yarnell, and P Elwood Leg length, insulin resistance, and coronary heart disease risk: The Caerphilly Study J Epidemiol Community Health, December 1, 2001; 55(12): 867 - 872. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S.-J. Rim, H. Leong-Poi, J. R. Lindner, K. Wei, N. G. Fisher, and S. Kaul Decrease in Coronary Blood Flow Reserve During Hyperlipidemia Is Secondary to an Increase in Blood Viscosity Circulation, November 27, 2001; 104(22): 2704 - 2709. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. V. Barron, S. D. Harr, M. J. Radford, Y. Wang, and H. M. Krumholz The association between white blood cell count and acute myocardial infarction mortality in patients >=65 years of age: findings from the cooperative cardiovascular project J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 15, 2001; 38(6): 1654 - 1661. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R Marchioli, F Avanzini, F Barzi, C Chieffo, A Di Castelnuovo, M.G Franzosi, E Geraci, A.P Maggioni, R.M Marfisi, N Mininni, et al. Assessment of absolute risk of death after myocardial infarction by use of multiple-risk-factor assessment equations; GISSI-Prevenzione mortality risk chart Eur. Heart J., November 2, 2001; 22(22): 2085 - 2103. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. J. Mukamal, P. P. Jadhav, R. B. D'Agostino, J. M. Massaro, M. A. Mittleman, I. Lipinska, P. A. Sutherland, T. Matheney, D. Levy, P. W.F. Wilson, et al. Alcohol Consumption and Hemostatic Factors: Analysis of the Framingham Offspring Cohort Circulation, September 18, 2001; 104(12): 1367 - 1373. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Yano, J. S. Grove, R. Chen, B. L. Rodriguez, J. D. Curb, and R. P. Tracy Plasma Fibrinogen as a Predictor of Total and Cause-Specific Mortality in Elderly Japanese-American Men Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, June 1, 2001; 21(6): 1065 - 1070. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Atalar, K. Aytemir, I. Haznedaroglu, S. Aksoyek, K. Ovunc,, S. Kirazli, and F. Ozmen Platelet and Leukocyte Deactivation After Intracoronary Stent Placement in Patients Receiving Combined Antiplatelet Therapy Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis, April 1, 2001; 7(2): 116 - 121. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. D. O. Lowe, J. W. G. Yarnell, A. Rumley, D. Bainton, and P. M. Sweetnam C-Reactive Protein, Fibrin D-Dimer, and Incident Ischemic Heart Disease in the Speedwell Study : Are Inflammation and Fibrin Turnover Linked in Pathogenesis? Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, April 1, 2001; 21(4): 603 - 610. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. S. Elkind, J. Cheng, B. Boden-Albala, M. C. Paik, and R. L. Sacco Elevated White Blood Cell Count and Carotid Plaque Thickness : The Northern Manhattan Stroke Study Stroke, April 1, 2001; 32(4): 842 - 849. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 U. Rauch, J. I. Osende, V. Fuster, J. J. Badimon, Z. Fayad, and J. H. Chesebro Thrombus Formation on Atherosclerotic Plaques: Pathogenesis and Clinical Consequences Ann Intern Med, February 6, 2001; 134(3): 224 - 238. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
U B Fallon, P Elwood, Y Ben-Shlomo, J B Ubbink, R Greenwood, and G D. Smith Homocysteine and ischaemic stroke in men: the Caerphilly study J Epidemiol Community Health, February 1, 2001; 55(2): 91 - 96. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
U B Fallon, Y Ben-Shlomo, P Elwood, J B Ubbink, and G D. Smith Homocysteine and coronary heart disease in the Caerphilly cohort: a 10 year follow up Heart, February 1, 2001; 85(2): 153 - 158. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Di Napoli, F. Papa, and V. Bocola Prognostic Influence of Increased C-Reactive Protein and Fibrinogen Levels in Ischemic Stroke Stroke, January 1, 2001; 32(1): 133 - 138. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. A. Sakkinen, P. Wahl, M. Cushman, M. R. Lewis, and R. P. Tracy Clustering of Procoagulation, Inflammation, and Fibrinolysis Variables with Metabolic Factors in Insulin Resistance Syndrome Am. J. Epidemiol., November 15, 2000; 152(10): 897 - 907. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. V. Barron, C. P. Cannon, S. A. Murphy, E. Braunwald, and C. M. Gibson Association Between White Blood Cell Count, Epicardial Blood Flow, Myocardial Perfusion, and Clinical Outcomes in the Setting of Acute Myocardial Infarction : A Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction 10 Substudy Circulation, November 7, 2000; 102(19): 2329 - 2334. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. J. Packard, D. S.J. O'Reilly, M. J. Caslake, A. D. McMahon, I. Ford, J. Cooney, C. H. Macphee, K. E. Suckling, M. Krishna, F. E. Wilkinson, et al. Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 as an Independent Predictor of Coronary Heart Disease N. Engl. J. Med., October 19, 2000; 343(16): 1148 - 1155. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Woods, D.J. Brull, S.E. Humphries, and H.E. Montgomery Genetics of inflammation and risk of coronary artery disease: the central role of interleukin-6 Eur. Heart J., October 1, 2000; 21(19): 1574 - 1583. [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M.A Mendall, D.P Strachan, B.K Butland, L Ballam, J Morris, P.M Sweetnam, and P.C Elwood C-reactive protein: relation to total mortality, cardiovascular mortality and cardiovascular risk factors in men Eur. Heart J., October 1, 2000; 21(19): 1584 - 1590. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. S. Van de Water, J. K. French, M. Lund, T. A. Hyde, H. D. White, and P. J. Browett Prevalence of factor v leiden and prothrombin variant g20210a in patients age <50 years with no significant stenoses at angiography three to four weeks after myocardial infarction J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 1, 2000; 36(3): 717 - 722. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Barazzoni, M. Zanetti, G. Davanzo, E. Kiwanuka, P. Carraro, A. Tiengo, and P. Tessari Increased Fibrinogen Production in Type 2 Diabetic Patients without Detectable Vascular Complications: Correlation with Plasma Glucagon Concentrations J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2000; 85(9): 3121 - 3125. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. J. GHIO, C. KIM, and R. B. DEVLIN Concentrated Ambient Air Particles Induce Mild Pulmonary Inflammation in Healthy Human Volunteers Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., September 1, 2000; 162(3): 981 - 988. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Sato, M. Nakamura, M. Iida, Y. Naito, A. Kitamura, T. Okamura, Y. Nakagawa, H. Imano, M. Kiyama, H. Iso, et al. Plasma Fibrinogen and Coronary Heart Disease in Urban Japanese Am. J. Epidemiol., September 1, 2000; 152(5): 420 - 423. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Cusack, S. Redwood, and J. Coltart Recent advances in ischaemic heart disease Postgrad. Med. J., September 1, 2000; 76(899): 542 - 546. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Y. Gardner, J. R. Lehmann, and D. L. Costa Oil Fly Ash-Induced Elevation of Plasma Fibrinogen Levels in Rats Toxicol. Sci., July 1, 2000; 56(1): 175 - 180. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. P. Rentrop Thrombi in Acute Coronary Syndromes : Revisited and Revised Circulation, April 4, 2000; 101(13): 1619 - 1626. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Stewart, A. G. Jardine, and J. D. Briggs Ischaemic heart disease following renal transplantation Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., February 1, 2000; 15(2): 269 - 277. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Zohlnhofer, K. Brand, K. Schipek, G. Pogatsa-Murray, A. Schomig, and F.-J. Neumann Adhesion of Monocyte Very Late Antigen-4 to Endothelial Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Induces Interleukin-1{beta}-Dependent Expression of Interleukin-6 in Endothelial Cells Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, February 1, 2000; 20(2): 353 - 359. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. R. Folsom, K. K. Wu, M. Rasmussen, L. E. Chambless, N. Aleksic, and F. J. Nieto Determinants of Population Changes in Fibrinogen and Factor VII Over 6 Years : The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, February 1, 2000; 20(2): 601 - 606. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. W. G. Yarnell, P. M. Sweetnam, A. Rumley, and G. D. O. Lowe Lifestyle and Hemostatic Risk Factors for Ischemic Heart Disease : The Caerphilly Study Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, January 1, 2000; 20(1): 271 - 279. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. M. van ’t Hooft, S. J. F. von Bahr, A. Silveira, A. Iliadou, P. Eriksson, and A. Hamsten Two Common, Functional Polymorphisms in the Promoter Region of the {beta}-Fibrinogen Gene Contribute to Regulation of Plasma Fibrinogen Concentration Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, December 1, 1999; 19(12): 3063 - 3070. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. J. Harjai Potential New Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Left Ventricular Hypertrophy, Homocysteine, Lipoprotein(a), Triglycerides, Oxidative Stress, and Fibrinogen Ann Intern Med, September 7, 1999; 131(5): 376 - 386. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. K. Pfefferkorn, H.-P. Knuppel, B. R. Jaeger, J. Thiery, and G. F. Hamann Increased Cerebral CO2 Reactivity After Heparin-Mediated Extracorporal LDL Precipitation (HELP) in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease and Hyperlipidemia Stroke, September 1, 1999; 30 (9): e1802 - 1806. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. R. Folsom, W. D. Rosamond, E. Shahar, L. S. Cooper, N. Aleksic, F. J. Nieto, M. L. Rasmussen, and K. K. Wu Prospective Study of Markers of Hemostatic Function With Risk of Ischemic Stroke Circulation, August 17, 1999; 100(7): 736 - 742. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Borries, M. Heins, Y. Fischer, H. Stiegler, A. Peters, H. Reinauer, F. C. Schoebel, B. E. Strauer, and M. Leschke Changes of hemostasis, endogenous fibrinolysis, platelet activation and endothelins after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in patients with stable angina J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 1, 1999; 34(2): 486 - 493. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. P. Tracy, A. M. Arnold, W. Ettinger, L. Fried, E. Meilahn, and P. Savage The Relationship of Fibrinogen and Factors VII and VIII to Incident Cardiovascular Disease and Death in the Elderly : Results From the Cardiovascular Health Study Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, July 1, 1999; 19(7): 1776 - 1783. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. E. J. Gallacher, J. W. G. Yarnell, P. M. Sweetnam, P. C. Elwood, and S. A. Stansfeld Anger and Incident Heart Disease in the Caerphilly Study Psychosom Med, July 1, 1999; 61(4): 446 - 453. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. M. Ridker Evaluating Novel Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Can We Better Predict Heart Attacks? Ann Intern Med, June 1, 1999; 130(11): 933 - 937. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. P Strachan, D. Carrington, M. A Mendall, L. Ballam, J. Morris, B. K Butland, P. M Sweetnam, P. C Elwood, and R. R West Relation of Chlamydia pneumoniae serology to mortality and incidence of ischaemic heart disease over 13 years in the Caerphilly prospective heart disease study • Commentary: Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and ischaemic heart disease BMJ, April 17, 1999; 318(7190): 1035 - 1040. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Ma, C. H. Hennekens, P. M. Ridker, and M. J. Stampfer A prospective study of fibrinogen and risk of myocardial infarction in the physicians' health study J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 1, 1999; 33(5): 1347 - 1352. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. I. Mennen, B. Balkau, S. Vol, E. Caces, and E. Eschwege Fibrinogen : A Possible Link Between Alcohol Consumption and Cardiovascular Disease? Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, April 1, 1999; 19(4): 887 - 892. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Inbal, D. Freimark, B. Modan, A. Chetrit, S. Matetzky, N. Rosenberg, R. Dardik, Z. Baron, and U. Seligsohn Synergistic Effects of Prothrombotic Polymorphisms and Atherogenic Factors on the Risk of Myocardial Infarction in Young Males Blood, April 1, 1999; 93(7): 2186 - 2190. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D P Strachan, D Carrington, M A Mendall, B K Butland, P M Sweetnam, and P C Elwood Cytomegalovirus seropositivity and incident ischaemic heart disease in the Caerphilly prospective heart disease study Heart, March 1, 1999; 81(3): 248 - 251. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. J. Schneider, D. J. Taatjes, D. B. Howard, and B. E. Sobel Increased reactivity of platelets induced by fibrinogen independent of its binding to the IIb-IIIa surface glycoprotein:: a potential contributor to cardiovascular risk J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 1, 1999; 33(1): 261 - 266. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I Welters, T Menges, M Ballesteros, A Sablotzki, G Gorlach, and G Hempelmann Acute phase and opsonin response in cardiac surgery patients: influence of underlying cardiac disease Perfusion, December 1, 1998; 13(6): 447 - 454. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P C Elwood, S Renaud, A D Beswick, J R O'Brien, and P M Sweetnam Platelet aggregation and incident ischaemic heart disease in the Caerphilly cohort Heart, December 1, 1998; 80(6): 578 - 582. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. S. Rosenson, C. C. Tangney, and L. J. Mosca Hormone Replacement Therapy Improves Cardiovascular Risk by Lowering Plasma Viscosity in Postmenopausal Women Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, December 1, 1998; 18(12): 1902 - 1905. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. T. Brown and G. M. Fuller Detection of a Complex That Associates With the Bbeta Fibrinogen G-455-A Polymorphism Blood, November 1, 1998; 92(9): 3286 - 3293. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. P. Strachan, M. A. Mendall, D. Carrington, B. K. Butland, J. W. G. Yarnell, P. M. Sweetnam, and P. C. Elwood Relation of Helicobacter pylori Infection to 13-Year Mortality and Incident Ischemic Heart Disease in the Caerphilly Prospective Heart Disease Study Circulation, September 29, 1998; 98(13): 1286 - 1290. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. V Tisi and C. P Shearman Biochemical and inflammatory changes in the exercising claudicant Vascular Medicine, August 1, 1998; 3(3): 189 - 198. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Xie, G.F. Clunn, J.S. Lymn, and A.D. Hughes Role of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) and tyrosine phosphorylation in adhesion of cultured vascular smooth muscle cells to fibrinogen Cardiovasc Res, August 1, 1998; 39(2): 475 - 484. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Junker, J. Heinrich, H. Ulbrich, H. Schulte, R. Schonfeld, E. Kohler, and G. Assmann Relationship Between Plasma Viscosity and the Severity of Coronary Heart Disease Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, June 1, 1998; 18(6): 870 - 875. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. M. Grundy, G. J. Balady, M. H. Criqui, G. Fletcher, P. Greenland, L. F. Hiratzka, N. Houston-Miller, P. Kris-Etherton, H. M. Krumholz, J. LaRosa, et al. Primary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease: Guidance From Framingham : A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the AHA Task Force on Risk Reduction Circulation, May 19, 1998; 97(18): 1876 - 1887. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Koenig, M. Sund, B. Filipiak, A. Doring, H. Lowel, and E. Ernst Plasma Viscosity and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease : Results From the MONICA-Augsburg Cohort Study, 1984 to 1992 Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, May 1, 1998; 18(5): 768 - 772. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. A. DeSouza, P. P. Jones, and D. R. Seals Physical Activity Status and Adverse Age-Related Differences in Coagulation and Fibrinolytic Factors in Women Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, March 1, 1998; 18(3): 362 - 368. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Schmidt, R. Schmidt, K. Niederkorn, S. Horner, P. Becsagh, B. Reinhart, M. Schumacher, V. Weinrauch, and G. M. Kostner ß-Fibrinogen Gene Polymorphism (C148->T) Is Associated With Carotid Atherosclerosis : Results of the Austrian Stroke Prevention Study Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, March 1, 1998; 18(3): 487 - 492. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. S. Rosenson, B. A. Staffileno, and C. C. Tangney Effects of Tourniquet Technique, Order of Draw, and Sample Storage on Plasma Fibrinogen Clin. Chem., March 1, 1998; 44(3): 688 - 690. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. P. M. de Maat, J. J. P. Kastelein, J. W. Jukema, A. H. Zwinderman, H. Jansen, B. Groenemeier, A. V. G. Bruschke, and C. Kluft -455G/A Polymorphism of the ß-Fibrinogen Gene is Associated With the Progression of Coronary Atherosclerosis in Symptomatic Men : Proposed Role for an Acute-Phase Reaction Pattern of Fibrinogen Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, February 1, 1998; 18(2): 265 - 271. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. J. Cook, G. Y. H. Lip, P. Davies, D. G. Beevers, R. Wise, and D. Honeybourne Chlamydia pneumoniae Antibodies in Severe Essential Hypertension Hypertension, February 1, 1998; 31(2): 589 - 594. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. S Markus and M. A Mendall Helicobacter pylori infection: a risk factor for ischaemic cerebrovascular disease and carotid atheroma J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, January 1, 1998; 64(1): 104 - 107. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. R Pries, T. W Secomb, M. Sperandio, and P. Gaehtgens Blood flow resistance during hemodilution: effect of plasma composition Cardiovasc Res, January 1, 1998; 37(1): 225 - 235. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|