Circulation, Vol 83, 817-821, Copyright © 1991 by American Heart Association
WG Daniel, R Erbel, W Kasper, CA Visser, R Engberding, GR Sutherland, E Grube, P Hanrath, B Maisch and K Dennig
BACKGROUND. During the past few years, transesophageal echocardiography
(TEE) has been increasingly used in clinical cardiology; data concerning
the practicability and safety of the technique, however, are rare. METHODS
AND RESULTS. This report analyzes the experience of 15 European centers
performing TEE studies for at least 1 year. At the time of this survey,
10,419 TEE examinations had been attempted or performed in these
institutions. These TEE examinations were carried out by 54 physicians,
53.7% of whom had been trained in endoscopic techniques. Within the same
time period, 160,431 precordial echocardiographic examinations were
performed in the 15 institutions; the ratio between TEE and transthoracic
studies averaged 9.03 +/- 6.4% (range of the 15 centers, 1.4-23.6%). Of the
10,419 patients, 9,240 (88.7%) were conscious inpatients or outpatients at
the time of the TEE examination; the vast majority of the conscious
patients did not receive intravenous sedation before TEE. In 201 cases
(1.9%), insertion of the TEE probe was unsuccessfully attempted because of
a lack of patient cooperation and/or operator experience (98.5%) or because
of anatomical reasons (1.5%). In 90 of 10,218 TEE studies (0.88%) with
successful probe insertion, the examination had to be interrupted because
of the patient's intolerance of the echoscope (65 cases); because of
pulmonary (eight cases), cardiac (eight cases), or bleeding complications
(two cases); or for other reasons (seven cases). One of the bleeding
complications resulted from a malignant lung tumor with esophageal
infiltration and was fatal (mortality rate, 0.0098%). CONCLUSIONS: This
multicenter survey documents that TEE studies are associated with an
acceptable low risk when used by experienced operators under proper safety
conditions.
ARTICLES
Safety of transesophageal echocardiography. A multicenter survey of 10,419 examinations
Division of Cardiology, Hannover Medical School, FRG.
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 TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IS A LOW-RISK PROCEDURE Journal Watch (General), March 19, 1991; 1991(319): 7 - 7. [Full Text]
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P. S. Wild and R. J. Zotz Fragment Reconstruction of Coronary Arteries by Transesophageal Echocardiography: A Method for Visualizing Coronary Arteries With Ultrasound Circulation, April 2, 2002; 105(13): 1579 - 1584. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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