Circulation, Vol 74, 293-305, Copyright © 1986 by American Heart Association
FH Sheehan, EL Bolson, HT Dodge, DG Mathey, J Schofer and HW Woo
We sought to identify theoretical advantages and applications of the
centerline method for quantitative assessment of regional ventricular
function. Motion was measured along 100 chords constructed perpendicular to
a centerline drawn midway between the end-diastolic and end-systolic
contours, and normalized for heart size. Abnormality was expressed in units
of standard deviations from the mean motion in a normal reference
population to indicate both the severity and significance of the wall
motion abnormality. The mean abnormality averaged over 100 chords
correlated highly with the area ejection fraction (r = .97). The centerline
method uses a "sliding window" to measure motion where it is abnormal,
because assessment of wall motion in predefined regions of the ventricular
contour underestimates abnormality. From the 100 data points, the extent (%
of contour) of regional abnormalities can also be determined. The severity
of hypokinesis at the site of acute myocardial infarction correlated better
with infarct size estimated from creatine kinase release (r = - .78) than
did the ejection fraction or the circumferential extent of hypokinesis.
Because the centerline method measures motion along locally determined
vectors, and requires no apex, origin, coordinate system, or geometric
reference figure, it can be applied to contours as dissimilar as the 60
degree left anterior oblique projection of the left ventricle and the 75
degree left anterior oblique projection of the right ventricle.
ARTICLES
Advantages and applications of the centerline method for characterizing regional ventricular function
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  S. Takabayashi, H. Shimpo, K. Yokoyama, K. Onoda, and Y. Mitani Reduced regional right ventricular wall motion after transventricular repair of tetralogy of Fallot J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., June 1, 2007; 133(6): 1656 - 1658. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. Fernandez-Aviles, J. J. Alonso, G. Pena, J. Blanco, J. Alonso-Briales, J. Lopez-Mesa, F. Fernandez-Vazquez, J. Moreu, R. A. Hernandez, A. Castro-Beiras, et al. Primary angioplasty vs. early routine post-fibrinolysis angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation: the GRACIA-2 non-inferiority, randomized, controlled trial Eur. Heart J., April 2, 2007; 28(8): 949 - 960. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Takami and H. Masumoto Angiographic Fate of Collateral Vessels After Surgical Revascularization of the Totally Occluded Left Anterior Descending Artery Ann. Thorac. Surg., January 1, 2007; 83(1): 120 - 125. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 V. Dzavik, C. E. Buller, G. A. Lamas, J. M. Rankin, G.B. J. Mancini, W. J. Cantor, R. J. Carere, J. R. Ross, D. Atchison, S. Forman, et al. Randomized Trial of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Subacute Infarct-Related Coronary Artery Occlusion to Achieve Long-Term Patency and Improve Ventricular Function: The Total Occlusion Study of Canada (TOSCA)-2 Trial Circulation, December 5, 2006; 114(23): 2449 - 2457. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. S. Werner, R. Surber, M. Ferrari, M. Fritzenwanger, and H. R. Figulla The functional reserve of collaterals supplying long-term chronic total coronary occlusions in patients without prior myocardial infarction Eur. Heart J., October 2, 2006; 27(20): 2406 - 2412. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Takaba, C. Jiang, S. Nemoto, Y. Saji, T. Ikeda, S. Urayama, T. Azuma, A. Hokugo, S. Tsutsumi, Y. Tabata, et al. A combination of omental flap and growth factor therapy induces arteriogenesis and increases myocardial perfusion in chronic myocardial ischemia: Evolving concept of biologic coronary artery bypass grafting J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., October 1, 2006; 132(4): 891 - 899. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Yoshida, N. Ohte, H. Narita, S. Sakata, K. Wakami, K. Asada, H. Miyabe, T. Saeki, and G. Kimura Lack of Inertia Force of Late Systolic Aortic Flow Is a Cause of Left Ventricular Isolated Diastolic Dysfunction in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 5, 2006; 48(5): 983 - 991. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. S. Werner, M. Fritzenwanger, D. Prochnau, G. Schwarz, M. Ferrari, W. Aarnoudse, N. H.J. Pijls, and H. R. Figulla Determinants of Coronary Steal in Chronic Total Coronary Occlusions: Donor Artery, Collateral, and Microvascular Resistance J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 4, 2006; 48(1): 51 - 58. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Ferrazzi, M. L.S. Matteucci, M. Merlo, A. Iacovoni, G. Rescigno, M. Bottai, P. Parrella, L. Lorini, M. Senni, and A. Gavazzi Surgical ventricular reverse remodeling in severe ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy: The relevance of the left ventricular equator as a prognostic factor J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., February 1, 2006; 131(2): 357 - 363. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A Hirayama, H Kusuoka, H Yamamoto, Y Sakata, M Asakura, Y Higuchi, H Mizuno, K Kashiwase, Y Ueda, Y Okuyama, et al. Serial changes in plasma brain natriuretic peptide concentration at the infarct and non-infarct sites in patients with left ventricular remodelling after myocardial infarction Heart, December 1, 2005; 91(12): 1573 - 1577. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. B. Selvanayagam, M. Jerosch-Herold, I. Porto, D. Sheridan, A. S.H. Cheng, S. E. Petersen, N. Searle, K. M. Channon, A. P. Banning, and S. Neubauer Resting Myocardial Blood Flow Is Impaired in Hibernating Myocardium: A Magnetic Resonance Study of Quantitative Perfusion Assessment Circulation, November 22, 2005; 112(21): 3289 - 3296. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. E. Strauer, M. Brehm, T. Zeus, T. Bartsch, C. Schannwell, C. Antke, R. V. Sorg, G. Kogler, P. Wernet, H.-W. Muller, et al. Regeneration of Human Infarcted Heart Muscle by Intracoronary Autologous Bone Marrow Cell Transplantation in Chronic Coronary Artery Disease: The IACT Study J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 1, 2005; 46(9): 1651 - 1658. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Rickers, N. M. Wilke, M. Jerosch-Herold, S. A. Casey, P. Panse, N. Panse, J. Weil, A. G. Zenovich, and B. J. Maron Utility of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Circulation, August 9, 2005; 112(6): 855 - 861. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. R. Schwarz, R. Gupta, T. P. Diep, B. Nowak, S. Kostin, B. Grohmann, B. F. Uretsky, and J. Schaper Carvedilol Improves Myocardial Contractility Compared With Metoprolol in Patients With Chronic Hibernating Myocardium After Revascularization Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, July 1, 2005; 10(3): 181 - 190. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Halkin, M. Singh, E. Nikolsky, C. L. Grines, J. E. Tcheng, E. Garcia, D. A. Cox, M. Turco, T. D. Stuckey, Y. Na, et al. Prediction of Mortality After Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Acute Myocardial Infarction: The CADILLAC Risk Score J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 3, 2005; 45(9): 1397 - 1405. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Ottani, M. Galli, S. Zerboni, and M. Galvani Prodromal Angina Limits Infarct Size in the Setting of Acute Anterior Myocardial Infarction Treated With Primary Percutaneous Intervention J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 3, 2005; 45(9): 1545 - 1547. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Kastrup, E. Jorgensen, A. Ruck, K. Tagil, D. Glogar, W. Ruzyllo, H. E. Botker, D. Dudek, V. Drvota, B. Hesse, et al. Direct intramyocardial plasmid vascular endothelial growth factor-A165 gene therapy in patients with stable severe angina pectoris: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study: The Euroinject One trial J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 5, 2005; 45(7): 982 - 988. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. B. C. Dang, J. M. Guccione, J. M. Mishell, P. Zhang, A. W. Wallace, R. C. Gorman, J. H. Gorman III, and M. B. Ratcliffe Akinetic myocardial infarcts must contain contracting myocytes: finite-element model study Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, April 1, 2005; 288(4): H1844 - H1850. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G S Werner, U Emig, P Bahrmann, M Ferrari, and H R Figulla Recovery of impaired microvascular function in collateral dependent myocardium after recanalisation of a chronic total coronary occlusion Heart, November 1, 2004; 90(11): 1303 - 1309. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Schachinger, B. Assmus, M. B. Britten, J. Honold, R. Lehmann, C. Teupe, N. D. Abolmaali, T. J. Vogl, W.-K. Hofmann, H. Martin, et al. Transplantation of progenitor cells and regeneration enhancement in acute myocardial infarction: Final one-year results of the TOPCARE-AMI Trial J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 19, 2004; 44(8): 1690 - 1699. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Di Donato, A. Toso, V. Dor, M. Sabatier, G. Barletta, L. Menicanti, F. Fantini, and the RESTORE Group Surgical Ventricular Restoration Improves Mechanical Intraventricular Dyssynchrony in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy Circulation, June 1, 2004; 109(21): 2536 - 2543. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Halkin, C. L. Grines, D. A. Cox, E. Garcia, R. Mehran, J. E. Tcheng, J. J. Griffin, G. Guagliumi, B. Brodie, M. Turco, et al. Impact of intravenous Beta-Blockade before primary angioplasty on survival in patients undergoing mechanical reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 19, 2004; 43(10): 1780 - 1787. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. G. Pellizzon, C. L. Grines, D. A. Cox, T. Stuckey, J. E. Tcheng, E. Garcia, G. Guagliumi, M. Turco, A. J. Lansky, J. J. Griffin, et al. Importance of mitral regurgitation inpatients undergoing percutaneous coronaryintervention for acute myocardial infarction: The Controlled Abciximab and Device Investigation to Lower Late Angioplasty Complications (CADILLAC) Trial J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 21, 2004; 43(8): 1368 - 1374. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N Ikeda, T Yasu, N Kubo, S Hashimoto, Y Tsuruya, M Fujii, M Kawakami, and M Saito Nicorandil versus isosorbide dinitrate as adjunctive treatment to direct balloon angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction Heart, February 1, 2004; 90(2): 181 - 185. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Penicka, J. Bartunek, W. Wijns, I. De Wolf, G. R. Heyndrickx, H. De Raedt, E. Barbato, and B. De Bruyne Tissue doppler imaging predicts recovery of left ventricular function after recanalization of an occluded coronary artery J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 7, 2004; 43(1): 85 - 91. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. S. Werner, U. Emig, O. Mutschke, G. Schwarz, P. Bahrmann, and H. R. Figulla Regression of Collateral Function After Recanalization of Chronic Total Coronary Occlusions: A Serial Assessment by Intracoronary Pressure and Doppler Recordings Circulation, December 9, 2003; 108(23): 2877 - 2882. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. H. Trichon, D. D. Glower, L. K. Shaw, C. H. Cabell, K. J. Anstrom, G. M. Felker, and C. M. O'Connor Survival After Coronary Revascularization, With and Without Mitral Valve Surgery, in Patients With Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation Circulation, September 9, 2003; 108(90101): II-103 - 110. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. S. Werner, P. Bahrmann, O. Mutschke, U. Emig, S. Betge, M. Ferrari, and H. R. Figulla Determinants of target vessel failure in chronic total coronary occlusions after stent implantation: The influence of collateral function and coronary hemodynamics J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 16, 2003; 42(2): 219 - 225. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Huettemann, S. G. Sakka, G. Petrat, F. Schier, and K. Reinhart Left ventricular regional wall motion abnormalities during pneumoperitoneum in children Br. J. Anaesth., June 1, 2003; 90(6): 733 - 736. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. S. Werner, M. Ferrari, S. Heinke, F. Kuethe, R. Surber, B. M. Richartz, and H. R. Figulla Angiographic Assessment of Collateral Connections in Comparison With Invasively Determined Collateral Function in Chronic Coronary Occlusions Circulation, April 22, 2003; 107(15): 1972 - 1977. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P Garot, O Pascal, M Simon, J L Monin, E Teiger, J Garot, P Gueret, and J L Dubois-Rande Impact of microvascular integrity and local viability on left ventricular remodelling after reperfused acute myocardial infarction Heart, April 1, 2003; 89(4): 393 - 397. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Assmus, V. Schachinger, C. Teupe, M. Britten, R. Lehmann, N. Dobert, F. Grunwald, A. Aicher, C. Urbich, H. Martin, et al. Transplantation of Progenitor Cells and Regeneration Enhancement in Acute Myocardial Infarction (TOPCARE-AMI) Circulation, December 10, 2002; 106(24): 3009 - 3017. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. E. Strauer, M. Brehm, T. Zeus, M. Kostering, A. Hernandez, R. V. Sorg, G. Kogler, and P. Wernet Repair of Infarcted Myocardium by Autologous Intracoronary Mononuclear Bone Marrow Cell Transplantation in Humans Circulation, October 8, 2002; 106(15): 1913 - 1918. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. A. Fallavollita, M. Logue, and J. M. Canty Jr. Coronary patency and its relation to contractile reserve in hibernating myocardium Cardiovasc Res, July 1, 2002; 55(1): 131 - 140. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. W. Stone, C. L. Grines, D. A. Cox, E. Garcia, J. E. Tcheng, J. J. Griffin, G. Guagliumi, T. Stuckey, M. Turco, J. D. Carroll, et al. Comparison of Angioplasty with Stenting, with or without Abciximab, in Acute Myocardial Infarction N. Engl. J. Med., March 28, 2002; 346(13): 957 - 966. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Garot, O. Pascal, B. Diebold, G. Derumeaux, B. L. Gerber, J.-L. Dubois-Rande, J. A. C. Lima, and P. Gueret Alterations of systolic left ventricular twist after acute myocardial infarction Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, January 1, 2002; 282(1): H357 - H362. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. R. Corbett and E. P. Ficaro Gated SPECT and the Visual Gold Standard: Gold Standard or Not? J. Nucl. Med., November 1, 2001; 42(11): 1639 - 1642. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. J. Sinusas, X. Papademetris, R. T. Constable, D. P. Dione, M. D. Slade, P. Shi, and J. S. Duncan Quantification of 3-D regional myocardial deformation: shape-based analysis of magnetic resonance images Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, August 1, 2001; 281(2): H698 - H714. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K.-C. Koch, J. vom Dahl, M. Wenderdel, B. Nowak, W. M. Schaefer, A. Sasse, C. Stellbrink, U. Buell, and P. Hanrath Myocardial viability assessment by endocardial electroanatomic mapping: comparison with metabolic imaging and functional recovery after coronary revascularization J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 1, 2001; 38(1): 91 - 98. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Destro, P. Marino, E. Barbieri, A. Zorzi, G. Brighetti, M. Maines, M. Carletti, and P. Zardini Postinfarctional remodeling: increased dye intensity in the myocardial risk area after angioplasty of infarct-related coronary artery is associated with reduction of ventricular volumes J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 1, 2001; 37(5): 1239 - 1245. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Pislaru, M. Belohlavek, R. Y. Bae, T. P. Abraham, J. F. Greenleaf, and J. B. Seward Regional asynchrony during acute myocardial ischemia quantified by ultrasound strain rate imaging J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 15, 2001; 37(4): 1141 - 1148. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Di Donato, M. Sabatier, V. Dor, G. F. Gensini, A. Toso, M. Maioli, A. W. H. Stanley, C. Athanasuleas, and G. Buckberg Effects of the Dor procedure on left ventricular dimension and shape and geometric correlates of mitral regurgitation one year after surgery J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., January 1, 2001; 121(1): 0091 - 96. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H Sasao, K Tsuchihashi, M Hase, T Nakata, K Shimamoto, and t. N.-9. investigators Does primary stenting preserve cardiac function in myocardial infarction? A case-control study Heart, November 1, 2000; 84(5): 515 - 521. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H.-J. Rupprecht, J. v. Dahl, W. Terres, K. M. Seyfarth, G. Richardt, H.-P. Schulthei{beta}, M. Buerke, F. H. Sheehan, and H. Drexler Cardioprotective Effects of the Na+/H+ Exchange Inhibitor Cariporide in Patients With Acute Anterior Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Direct PTCA Circulation, June 27, 2000; 101(25): 2902 - 2908. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Wakatsuki, M. Nakamura, T. Tsunoda, H. Toma, T. Degawa, T. Oki, and T. Yamaguchi Coronary flow velocity immediately after primary coronary stenting as a predictor of ventricular wall motion recovery in acute myocardial infarction J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 1, 2000; 35(7): 1835 - 1841. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Hosokawa, F. H. Sheehan, and T. Suzuki Measurement of postsystolic shortening to assess viability and predict recovery of left ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 1, 2000; 35(7): 1842 - 1849. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Akasaka, K. Yoshida, T. Kawamoto, S. Kaji, Y. Ueda, A. Yamamuro, T. Takagi, and T. Hozumi Relation of Phasic Coronary Flow Velocity Characteristics With TIMI Perfusion Grade and Myocardial Recovery After Primary Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty and Rescue Stenting Circulation, May 23, 2000; 101(20): 2361 - 2367. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Nakabayashi, T. Hayashi, Y. Inoue, A. Ikeda, H. Morii, N. Naito, K. Ishikawa, and K. Kanamasa Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty Performed 24-48 Hours After the Onset of Acute Myocardial Infarction Improves Chronic-Phase Left Ventricular Regional Wall Motion Angiology, April 1, 2000; 51(4): 281 - 288. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Derumeaux, M. Ovize, J. Loufoua, G. Pontier, X. Andre-Fouet, and A. Cribier Assessment of Nonuniformity of Transmural Myocardial Velocities by Color-Coded Tissue Doppler Imaging : Characterization of Normal, Ischemic, and Stunned Myocardium Circulation, March 28, 2000; 101(12): 1390 - 1395. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. B. Forman, J. V. Vitola, C. E. Velasco, J. J. Murray, R. K. Dubey, and E. K. Jackson Sustained Reduction in Myocardial Reperfusion Injury with an Adenosine Receptor Antagonist: Possible Role of the Neutrophil Chemoattractant Response J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., March 1, 2000; 292(3): 929 - 938. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Noda, S. Minatoguchi, K. Fujii, M. Hori, T. Ito, K. Kanmatsuse, M. Matsuzaki, T. Miura, H. Nonogi, M. Tada, et al. Evidence for the delayed effect in human ischemic preconditioning: Prospective multicenter study for preconditioning in acute myocardial infarction J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., December 1, 1999; 34(7): 1966 - 1974. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Arai, Y. Masui, P. Goldschmidt-Clermont, A. DiPaula, C. Siu, T. Kondo, and L. C. Becker P-selectin inhibition prevents early neutrophil activation but provides only modest protection against myocardial injury in dogs with ischemia and forty-eight hours reperfusion J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 1, 1999; 34(1): 280 - 288. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L D R Smith, G Spyer, and J W Dean Audit of cardiac catheterisation in a district general hospital: implications for training Heart, May 1, 1999; 81(5): 461 - 464. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Garot, G.A. Derumeaux, J.L. Monin, A.M. Duval-Moulin, M. Simon, D. Pascal, A. Castaigne, J.L. Dubois-Rande, B. Diebold, and P. Gueret Quantitative systolic and diastolic transmyocardial velocity gradients assessed by M-mode colour Doppler tissue imaging as reliable indicators of regional left ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction Eur. Heart J., April 2, 1999; 20(8): 593 - 603. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C A Rinaldi, N D Masani, A Z Linka, and R J Hall Effect of repetitive episodes of exercise induced myocardial ischaemia on left ventricular function in patients with chronic stable angina: evidence for cumulative stunning or ischaemic preconditioning? Heart, April 1, 1999; 81(4): 404 - 411. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Ito, Y. Taniyama, K. Iwakura, N. Nishikawa, T. Masuyama, T. Kuzuya, M. Hori, Y. Higashino, K. Fujii, and T. Minamino Intravenous nicorandil can preserve microvascular integrity and myocardial viability in patients with reperfused anterior wall myocardial infarction J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 1, 1999; 33(3): 654 - 660. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|