| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Circulation, Vol 65, 457-464, Copyright © 1982 by American Heart Association
LE Hinkle Jr and HT Thaler
One hundred forty-two deaths among 743 men ages 50 - 65 years who had been
examined and followed 5 - 10 years were investigated and classified on the
basis of clinical information from medical and non- medical observers, ECGs
and autopsies. A classification based on the condition of the circulation
immediately before death appears to be most relevant to studies of sudden
death. In 58% of the cases, the subjects collapsed abruptly and his pulse
ceased without prior circulatory collapse (arrhythmic death); in 42%, the
pulse ceased only after the peripheral circulation had collapsed (deaths in
circulatory failure). Thirty-three percent of arrhythmic deaths and 10% of
deaths in circulatory failure occurred in a setting of clinical evidence of
acute ischemic heart disease (p less than 0.005). Forty-five percent of
arrhythmic deaths were preceded by chronic congestive heart failure without
circulatory collapse. Ninety-three percent of final illnesses that lasted
less than 1 hour ended in arrhythmic deaths; 74% lasted more than 1 day
ended in deaths in circulatory failure (p less than 0.001). Eighty-eight
percent of deaths that occurred outside of the hospital were arrhythmic;
71% of deaths that occurred in the hospital were deaths in circulatory
failure (p less than 0.001). Ninety percent of deaths in which the primary
cause of the final illness was heart disease were arrhythmic; 86% of deaths
in which the primary cause was other than heart disease were deaths in
circulatory failure (p less than 0.001). Ninety-one percent of deaths
precipitated by an acute cardiac event were arrhythmic; 98% precipitated by
acute respiratory obstruction, hemorrhage, infection, stroke or other
noncardiac events were deaths in circulatory failure (p less than 0.001).
ARTICLES
Clinical classification of cardiac deaths
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  C. Newton-Cheh, N. R. Cook, M. VanDenburgh, E. B. Rimm, P. M. Ridker, and C. M. Albert A Common Variant at 9p21 Is Associated With Sudden and Arrhythmic Cardiac Death Circulation, November 24, 2009; 120(21): 2062 - 2068. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Z. Duray, J. Schmitt, S. Richter, C. W. Israel, and S. H. Hohnloser Arrhythmic death in implantable cardioverter defibrillator patients: a long-term study over a 10 year implantation period Europace, November 1, 2009; 11(11): 1462 - 1468. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. E. Billman Cardiac autonomic neural remodeling and susceptibility to sudden cardiac death: effect of endurance exercise training Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, October 1, 2009; 297(4): H1171 - H1193. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Boriani, M. Gasparini, M. Landolina, M. Lunati, M. Biffi, M. Santini, L. Padeletti, G. Molon, G. Botto, T. De Santo, et al. Effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization therapy in heart failure patients with valvular heart disease: comparison with patients affected by ischaemic heart disease or dilated cardiomyopathy. The InSync/InSync ICD Italian Registry Eur. Heart J., September 2, 2009; 30(18): 2275 - 2283. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. L. Lujan and S. E. DiCarlo Partial Hindlimb Occlusion Reduced the Susceptibility to Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia in Conscious Rats Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, September 1, 2009; 14(3): 199 - 206. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Zaman, G. Sivagangabalan, A. Narayan, A. Thiagalingam, D. L. Ross, and P. Kovoor Outcomes of Early Risk Stratification and Targeted Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Implantation After ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Treated With Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Circulation, July 21, 2009; 120(3): 194 - 200. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. C. Korngold, J. L. Januzzi Jr, M. L. Gantzer, M.V. Moorthy, N. R. Cook, and C. M. Albert Amino-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein as Predictors of Sudden Cardiac Death Among Women Circulation, June 9, 2009; 119(22): 2868 - 2876. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. H. Hohnloser, H. J.G.M. Crijns, M. van Eickels, C. Gaudin, R. L. Page, C. Torp-Pedersen, S. J. Connolly, and the ATHENA Investigators Effect of Dronedarone on Cardiovascular Events in Atrial Fibrillation N. Engl. J. Med., February 12, 2009; 360(7): 668 - 678. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 O. Costantini, S. H. Hohnloser, M. M. Kirk, B. B. Lerman, J. H. Baker II, B. Sethuraman, M. M. Dettmer, D. S. Rosenbaum, and for the ABCD Trial Investigators The ABCD (Alternans Before Cardioverter Defibrillator) Trial: strategies using T-wave alternans to improve efficiency of sudden cardiac death prevention. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., February 10, 2009; 53(6): 471 - 479. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. S. Chan, B. K. Nallamothu, J. A. Spertus, F. A. Masoudi, C. Bartone, D. J. Kereiakes, and T. Chow Impact of Age and Medical Comorbidity on the Effectiveness of Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators for Primary Prevention Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes, January 1, 2009; 2(1): 16 - 24. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J.-W. Ha, J. K. Oh, H. V. Schaff, L. H. Ling, S. T. Higano, D. W. Mahoney, and R. A. Nishimura Impact of left ventricular function on immediate and long-term outcomes after pericardiectomy in constrictive pericarditis. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., November 1, 2008; 136(5): 1136 - 1141. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. P. Piccini, J. R. Horton, L. K. Shaw, S. M. Al-Khatib, K. L. Lee, A. E. Iskandrian, and S. Borges-Neto Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography Myocardial Perfusion Defects Are Associated With an Increased Risk of All-Cause Death, Cardiovascular Death, and Sudden Cardiac Death Circ Cardiovasc Imaging, November 1, 2008; 1(3): 180 - 188. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Sridhar, Y. Nishijima, D. Terentyev, R. Terentyeva, R. Uelmen, M. Kukielka, I. M. Bonilla, G. A. Robertson, S. Gyorke, G. E. Billman, et al. Repolarization abnormalities and afterdepolarizations in a canine model of sudden cardiac death Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, November 1, 2008; 295(5): R1463 - R1472. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. L. Lujan and S. E. DiCarlo Sex differences to myocardial ischemia and {beta}-adrenergic receptor blockade in conscious rats Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, April 1, 2008; 294(4): H1523 - H1529. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. M. Albert, E. G. Nam, E. B. Rimm, H. W. Jin, R. J. Hajjar, D. J. Hunter, C. A. MacRae, and P. T. Ellinor Cardiac Sodium Channel Gene Variants and Sudden Cardiac Death in Women Circulation, January 1, 2008; 117(1): 16 - 23. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. V. Exner, K. M. Kavanagh, M. P. Slawnych, L. B. Mitchell, D. Ramadan, S. G. Aggarwal, C. Noullett, A. Van Schaik, R. T. Mitchell, M. A. Shibata, et al. Noninvasive Risk Assessment Early After a Myocardial Infarction: The REFINE Study J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., December 11, 2007; 50(24): 2275 - 2284. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. M. De Ferrari, R. Rordorf, F. Frattini, B. Petracci, P. De Filippo, and M. Landolina Predictive value of programmed ventricular stimulation in patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy: implications for the selection of candidates for an implantable defibrillator Europace, December 1, 2007; 9(12): 1151 - 1157. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. L. Lujan and S. E. DiCarlo T5 spinal cord transection increases susceptibility to reperfusion-induced ventricular tachycardia by enhancing sympathetic activity in conscious rats Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, December 1, 2007; 293(6): H3333 - H3339. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. A. Salerno-Uriarte, G. M. De Ferrari, C. Klersy, R. F.E. Pedretti, M. Tritto, L. Sallusti, L. Libero, G. Pettinati, G. Molon, A. Curnis, et al. Prognostic Value of T-Wave Alternans in Patients With Heart Failure Due to Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy: Results of the ALPHA Study J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 6, 2007; 50(19): 1896 - 1904. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Achilli, F. Turreni, M. Gasparini, M. Lunati, M. Sassara, M. Santini, M. Landolina, L. Padeletti, A. Puglisi, M. Bocchiardo, et al. Efficacy of cardiac resynchronization therapy in very old patients: the Insync/Insync ICD Italian Registry Europace, September 1, 2007; 9(9): 732 - 738. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R J van der Schaaf, J R Timmer, J P Ottervanger, J C A Hoorntje, M-J de Boer, H Suryapranata, F Zijlstra, and J-H E Dambrink Long-term impact of multivessel disease on cause-specific mortality after ST elevation myocardial infarction treated with reperfusion therapy Heart, December 1, 2006; 92(12): 1760 - 1763. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. S. Chan, T. Chow, D. Kereiakes, E. J. Schloss, T. Waller, K. Eagle, R. A. Hayward, and S. Vijan Effectiveness of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in patients with ischemic heart disease and left ventricular dysfunction. Arch Intern Med, November 13, 2006; 166(20): 2228 - 2233. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. S. Kaufman, D. M. Bloomfield, R. C. Steinman, P. B. Namerow, O. Costantini, R. J. Cohen, and J. T. Bigger Jr "Indeterminate" Microvolt T-Wave Alternans Tests Predict High Risk of Death or Sustained Ventricular Arrhythmias in Patients With Left Ventricular Dysfunction J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 3, 2006; 48(7): 1399 - 1404. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. S. Kaikkonen, M.-L. Kortelainen, E. Linna, and H. V. Huikuri Family History and the Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death as a Manifestation of an Acute Coronary Event Circulation, October 3, 2006; 114(14): 1462 - 1467. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Chow, D. J. Kereiakes, C. Bartone, T. Booth, E. J. Schloss, T. Waller, E. S. Chung, S. Menon, B. K. Nallamothu, and P. S. Chan Prognostic Utility of Microvolt T-Wave Alternans in Risk Stratification of Patients With Ischemic Cardiomyopathy J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 2, 2006; 47(9): 1820 - 1827. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Gulizia, S. Mangiameli, G. Chiaranda, V. Spadola, N. Di Giovanni, A. Colletti, V. Bulla, A. Circo, O. Pensabene, L. Vasquez, et al. Design and rationale of a randomized study to compare amiodarone and Class IC anti-arrhythmic drugs in terms of atrial fibrillation treatment efficacy in patients paced for sinus node disease: the PITAGORA trial. Europace, April 1, 2006; 8(4): 302 - 305. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. M. Bloomfield, J. T. Bigger, R. C. Steinman, P. B. Namerow, M. K. Parides, A. B. Curtis, E. S. Kaufman, J. M. Davidenko, T. S. Shinn, and J. M. Fontaine Microvolt T-Wave Alternans and the Risk of Death or Sustained Ventricular Arrhythmias in Patients With Left Ventricular Dysfunction J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 17, 2006; 47(2): 456 - 463. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. M. Albert, K. Oh, W. Whang, J. E. Manson, C. U. Chae, M. J. Stampfer, W. C. Willett, and F. B. Hu Dietary {alpha}-Linolenic Acid Intake and Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death and Coronary Heart Disease Circulation, November 22, 2005; 112(21): 3232 - 3238. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. L. Collins, A. M. Loka, and S. E. DiCarlo Daily exercise-induced cardioprotection is associated with changes in calcium regulatory proteins in hypertensive rats Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, February 1, 2005; 288(2): H532 - H540. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. M. Albert, C. U. Chae, K. M. Rexrode, J. E. Manson, and I. Kawachi Phobic Anxiety and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease and Sudden Cardiac Death Among Women Circulation, February 1, 2005; 111(4): 480 - 487. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. J. Moss, H. Greenberg, R. B. Case, W. Zareba, W. J. Hall, M. W. Brown, J. P. Daubert, S. McNitt, M. L. Andrews, A. D. Elkin, et al. Long-Term Clinical Course of Patients After Termination of Ventricular Tachyarrhythmia by an Implanted Defibrillator Circulation, December 21, 2004; 110(25): 3760 - 3765. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. H. Hohnloser, K. H. Kuck, P. Dorian, R. S. Roberts, J. R. Hampton, R. Hatala, E. Fain, M. Gent, S. J. Connolly, and the DINAMIT Investigators Prophylactic Use of an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator after Acute Myocardial Infarction N. Engl. J. Med., December 9, 2004; 351(24): 2481 - 2488. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. E. Goldstein, R. Lampert, E. Bradley, J. Lynn, and H. M. Krumholz Management of Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators in End-of-Life Care Ann Intern Med, December 7, 2004; 141(11): 835 - 838. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A M A Shehab, R J MacFadyen, M McLaren, R Tavendale, J J F Belch, and A D Struthers Sudden unexpected death in heart failure may be preceded by short term, intraindividual increases in inflammation and in autonomic dysfunction: a pilot study Heart, November 1, 2004; 90(11): 1263 - 1268. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M T Kearney, K A A Fox, A J Lee, W P Brooksby, A M Shah, A Flapan, R J Prescott, R Andrews, P D Batin, D L Eckberg, et al. Predicting sudden death in patients with mild to moderate chronic heart failure Heart, October 1, 2004; 90(10): 1137 - 1143. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. A. Ray, K. T. Murray, S. Meredith, S. S. Narasimhulu, K. Hall, and C. M. Stein Oral Erythromycin and the Risk of Sudden Death from Cardiac Causes N. Engl. J. Med., September 9, 2004; 351(11): 1089 - 1096. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. J. Zimetbaum, A. E. Buxton, W. Batsford, J. D. Fisher, G. E. Hafley, K. L. Lee, M. F. O'Toole, R. L. Page, M. Reynolds, and M. E. Josephson Electrocardiographic Predictors of Arrhythmic Death and Total Mortality in the Multicenter Unsustained Tachycardia Trial Circulation, August 17, 2004; 110(7): 766 - 769. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. R Timmer, J. P. Ottervanger, K. Thomas, J. C.A Hoorntje, M.-J. de Boer, H. Suryapranata, F. Zijlstra, and on behalf of the Zwolle myocardial infarction stud Long-term, cause-specific mortality after myocardial infarction in diabetes Eur. Heart J., June 1, 2004; 25(11): 926 - 931. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Greenberg, R. B. Case, A. J. Moss, M. W. Brown, E. R. Carroll, M. L. Andrews, and MADIT-II Investigators Analysis of mortality events in the multicenter automatic defibrillator implantation trial (MADIT-II) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 21, 2004; 43(8): 1459 - 1465. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. J. Moss Dead is dead, but can we identify patients at increased risk for sudden cardiac death? J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 20, 2003; 42(4): 659 - 660. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. M. Albert, C. U. Chae, F. Grodstein, L. M. Rose, K. M. Rexrode, J. N. Ruskin, M. J. Stampfer, and J. E. Manson Prospective Study of Sudden Cardiac Death Among Women in the United States Circulation, April 29, 2003; 107(16): 2096 - 2101. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S Z Abildstrom, C Rask-Madsen, M M Ottesen, P K Andersen, S Rosthoj, C Torp-Pedersen, and L Kober Impact of age and sex on sudden cardiovascular death following myocardial infarction Heart, December 1, 2002; 88(6): 573 - 578. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. E. Buxton, K. L. Lee, G. E. Hafley, D. G. Wyse, J. D. Fisher, M. H. Lehmann, L. A. Pires, M. R. Gold, D. L. Packer, M. E. Josephson, et al. Relation of Ejection Fraction and Inducible Ventricular Tachycardia to Mode of Death in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: An Analysis of Patients Enrolled in the Multicenter Unsustained Tachycardia Trial Circulation, November 5, 2002; 106(19): 2466 - 2472. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. M. Albert, J. M. Gaziano, W. C. Willett, and J. E. Manson Nut Consumption and Decreased Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death in the Physicians' Health Study Arch Intern Med, June 24, 2002; 162(12): 1382 - 1387. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. M. Albert, J. Ma, N. Rifai, M. J. Stampfer, and P. M. Ridker Prospective Study of C-Reactive Protein, Homocysteine, and Plasma Lipid Levels as Predictors of Sudden Cardiac Death Circulation, June 4, 2002; 105(22): 2595 - 2599. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Angelini, Z.-J. Zheng, J. B. Croft, W. H. Giles, and G. A. Mensah Sudden Cardiac Death: Do We Know What We Are Talking About? * Response Circulation, May 28, 2002; 105 (21): e182 - e182. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. M. Albert, H. Campos, M. J. Stampfer, P. M. Ridker, J. E. Manson, W. C. Willett, and J. Ma Blood Levels of Long-Chain n-3 Fatty Acids and the Risk of Sudden Death N. Engl. J. Med., April 11, 2002; 346(15): 1113 - 1118. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. E. Billman Aerobic exercise conditioning: a nonpharmacological antiarrhythmic intervention J Appl Physiol, February 1, 2002; 92(2): 446 - 454. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. G. Priori, E. Aliot, C. Blomstrom-Lundqvist, L. Bossaert, G. Breithardt, P. Brugada, J. A. Camm, R. Cappato, S. M. Cobbe, C. Di Mario, et al. TASK FORCE ON SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH, EUROPEAN SOCIETY OF CARDIOLOGY: Summary of Recommendations Europace, January 1, 2002; 4(1): 3 - 18. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Samenuk, M. S. Link, M. K. Homoud, R. Contreras, T. C. Theohardes, P. J. Wang, and N. A. M. Estes III Adverse Cardiovascular Events Temporally Associated With Ma Huang, an Herbal Source of Ephedrine Mayo Clin. Proc., January 1, 2002; 77(1): 12 - 16. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. A. Ray, S. Meredith, P. B. Thapa, K. G. Meador, K. Hall, and K. T. Murray Antipsychotics and the Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death Arch Gen Psychiatry, December 1, 2001; 58(12): 1161 - 1167. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Sheldon, B. J. O'Brien, G. Blackhouse, R. Goeree, B. Mitchell, G. Klein, R. S. Roberts, M. Gent, and S. J. Connolly Effect of Clinical Risk Stratification on Cost-Effectiveness of the Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: The Canadian Implantable Defibrillator Study Circulation, October 2, 2001; 104(14): 1622 - 1626. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. D. Veenhuyzen, S. N. Singh, D. McAreavey, B. J. Shelton, and D. V. Exner Prior Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery and Risk of Death Among Patients With Ischemic Left Ventricular Dysfunction Circulation, September 25, 2001; 104(13): 1489 - 1493. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S.G. Priori, E. Aliot, C. Blomstrom-Lundqvist, L. Bossaert, G. Breithardt, P. Brugada, A.J. Camm, R. Cappato, S.M. Cobbe, C. Di Mario, et al. Task Force on Sudden Cardiac Death of the European Society of Cardiology Eur. Heart J., August 2, 2001; 22(16): 1374 - 1450. [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. A. Gomes, M. E. Cain, A. E. Buxton, M. E. Josephson, K. L. Lee, and G. E. Hafley Prediction of Long-Term Outcomes by Signal-Averaged Electrocardiography in Patients With Unsustained Ventricular Tachycardia, Coronary Artery Disease, and Left Ventricular Dysfunction Circulation, July 24, 2001; 104(4): 436 - 441. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. M. Spooner, C. Albert, E. J. Benjamin, R. Boineau, R. C. Elston, A. L. George Jr, X. Jouven, L. H. Kuller, J. W. MacCluer, E. Marban, et al. Sudden Cardiac Death, Genes, and Arrhythmogenesis : Consideration of New Population and Mechanistic Approaches From a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Workshop, Part I Circulation, May 15, 2001; 103(19): 2361 - 2364. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. N. Nanas, D. A. Kontoyannis, G. P. Alexopoulos, M. I. Anastasiou-Nana, E. P. Tsagalou, S. F. Stamatelopoulos, and S. D. Moulopoulos Long-term Intermittent Dobutamine Infusion Combined With Oral Amiodarone Improves the Survival of Patients With Severe Congestive Heart Failure Chest, April 1, 2001; 119(4): 1173 - 1178. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. J. Connolly, A. P. Hallstrom, R. Cappato, E. B. Schron, K.-H. Kuck, D. P. Zipes, H. L. Greene, S. Boczor, M. Domanski, D. Follmann, et al. Meta-analysis of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator secondary prevention trials Eur. Heart J., December 2, 2000; 21(24): 2071 - 2078. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. M. Albert, M. A. Mittleman, C. U. Chae, I.-M. Lee, C. H. Hennekens, and J. E. Manson Triggering of Sudden Death from Cardiac Causes by Vigorous Exertion N. Engl. J. Med., November 9, 2000; 343(19): 1355 - 1361. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. E. Buxton, K. L. Lee, L. DiCarlo, M. R. Gold, G. S. Greer, E. N. Prystowsky, M. F. O'Toole, A. Tang, J. D. Fisher, J. Coromilas, et al. Electrophysiologic Testing to Identify Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Who Are at Risk for Sudden Death N. Engl. J. Med., June 29, 2000; 342(26): 1937 - 1945. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Sheldon, S. Connolly, A. Krahn, R. Roberts, M. Gent, and M. Gardner Identification of Patients Most Likely to Benefit From Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Therapy : The Canadian Implantable Defibrillator Study Circulation, April 11, 2000; 101(14): 1660 - 1664. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Roy, M. Talajic, P. Dorian, S. Connolly, M. J. Eisenberg, M. Green, T. Kus, J. Lambert, M. Dubuc, P. Gagne, et al. Amiodarone to Prevent Recurrence of Atrial Fibrillation N. Engl. J. Med., March 30, 2000; 342(13): 913 - 920. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. J. Connolly, M. Gent, R. S. Roberts, P. Dorian, D. Roy, R. S. Sheldon, L. B. Mitchell, M. S. Green, G. J. Klein, and B. O’Brien Canadian Implantable Defibrillator Study (CIDS) : A Randomized Trial of the Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Against Amiodarone Circulation, March 21, 2000; 101(11): 1297 - 1302. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Fauchier, D. Babuty, P. Poret, D. Casset-Senon, M.L. Autret, P. Cosnay, and J.P. Fauchier Comparison of long-term outcome of alcoholic and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy Eur. Heart J., February 2, 2000; 21(4): 306 - 314. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. R. Teerlink, M. Jalaluddin, S. Anderson, M. L. Kukin, E. J. Eichhorn, G. Francis, M. Packer, and B. M. Massie Ambulatory Ventricular Arrhythmias in Patients With Heart Failure Do Not Specifically Predict an Increased Risk of Sudden Death Circulation, January 4, 2000; 101(1): 40 - 46. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. E. Buxton, K. L. Lee, J. D. Fisher, M. E. Josephson, E. N. Prystowsky, G. Hafley, and The Multicenter Unsustained Tachycardia Trial Inve A Randomized Study of the Prevention of Sudden Death in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease N. Engl. J. Med., December 16, 1999; 341(25): 1882 - 1890. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Grigioni, M. Enriquez-Sarano, L. H. Ling, K. R. Bailey, J. B. Seward, A. J. Tajik, and R. L. Frye Sudden death in mitral regurgitation due to flail leaflet J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., December 1, 1999; 34(7): 2078 - 2085. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C.M Pratt, A.J Camm, J.T Bigger Jr, G Breithardt, R.W.F Campbell, A.E Epstein, L.J Kappenberger, K.-H Kuck, S Pocock, S Saksena, et al. Evaluation of antiarrhythmic drug efficacy in patients with an ICD. Unlimited potential or replete with complexity and problems? Eur. Heart J., November 1, 1999; 20(21): 1538 - 1552. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. H. Ling, J. K. Oh, H. V. Schaff, G. K. Danielson, D. W. Mahoney, J. B. Seward, and A. J. Tajik Constrictive Pericarditis in the Modern Era : Evolving Clinical Spectrum and Impact on Outcome After Pericardiectomy Circulation, September 28, 1999; 100(13): 1380 - 1386. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. M. Albert, J. E. Manson, N. R. Cook, U. A. Ajani, J. M. Gaziano, and C. H. Hennekens Moderate Alcohol Consumption and the Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death Among US Male Physicians Circulation, August 31, 1999; 100(9): 944 - 950. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. J. Moss, R. E. Goldstein, V. J. Marder, C. E. Sparks, D. Oakes, H. Greenberg, H. J. Weiss, W. Zareba, M. W. Brown, C.-S. Liang, et al. Thrombogenic Factors and Recurrent Coronary Events Circulation, May 18, 1999; 99(19): 2517 - 2522. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Fauchier, D. Babuty, P. Cosnay, and J. P. Fauchier Prognostic value of heart rate variability for sudden death and major arrhythmic events in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 1, 1999; 33(5): 1203 - 1207. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. T. Bigger Jr, W. Whang, J. N. Rottman, R. E. Kleiger, C. D. Gottlieb, P. B. Namerow, R. C. Steinman, and N. A. M. Estes III Mechanisms of Death in the CABG Patch Trial : A Randomized Trial of Implantable Cardiac Defibrillator Prophylaxis in Patients at High Risk of Death After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Circulation, March 23, 1999; 99(11): 1416 - 1421. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Andresen, G. Steinbeck, T. Bruggemann, D. Muller, R. Haberl, S. Behrens, E. Hoffmann, K. Wegscheider, R.u. Dissmann, and H.-C. Ehlers Risk stratification following myocardial infarction in the thrombolytic era: a two-step strategy using noninvasive and invasive methods J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 1, 1999; 33(1): 131 - 138. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Grimm, J.u. Hoffmann, V. Menz, K. Luck, and B. Maisch Programmed ventricular stimulation for arrhythmia risk prediction in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 1, 1998; 32(3): 739 - 745. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Arola, J. Tuominen, O. Ruuskanen, and E. Jokinen Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Children: Prognostic Indicators and Outcome Pediatrics, March 1, 1998; 101(3): 369 - 376. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. M. Albert, C. H. Hennekens, C. J. O'Donnell, U. A. Ajani, V. J. Carey, W. C. Willett, J. N. Ruskin, and J. E. Manson Fish Consumption and Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death JAMA, January 7, 1998; 279(1): 23 - 28. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. C. Caruso, F. I. Marcus, E. A. Hahn, V. L. Hartz, and J. W. Mason Predictors of Arrhythmic Death and Cardiac Arrest in the ESVEM Trial Circulation, September 16, 1997; 96(6): 1888 - 1892. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. M. Albert, J. E. Manson, C. H. Hennekens, J. N. Ruskin, A. H. Lichtenstein, R. Bhopal, M. L. Daviglus, J. Stamler, and P. Greenland Fish Consumption and the Risk of Myocardial Infarction N. Engl. J. Med., August 14, 1997; 337(7): 497 - 499. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. J. Moss, W. J. Hall, D. S. Cannom, J. P. Daubert, S. L. Higgins, H. Klein, J. H. Levine, S. Saksena, A. L. Waldo, D. Wilber, et al. Improved Survival with an Implanted Defibrillator in Patients with Coronary Disease at High Risk for Ventricular Arrhythmia N. Engl. J. Med., December 26, 1996; 335(26): 1933 - 1940. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. T. Bigger Jr, R. C. Steinman, L. M. Rolnitzky, J. L. Fleiss, P. Albrecht, and R. J. Cohen Power Law Behavior of RR-Interval Variability in Healthy Middle-Aged Persons, Patients With Recent Acute Myocardial Infarction, and Patients With Heart Transplants Circulation, June 15, 1996; 93(12): 2142 - 2151. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. M. Pratt, P. S. Greenway, M. H. Schoenfeld, M. L. Hibben, and J. A. Reiffel Exploration of the Precision of Classifying Sudden Cardiac Death : Implications for the Interpretation of Clinical Trials Circulation, February 1, 1996; 93(3): 519 - 524. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. R. R. Misier, T. Opthof, N. M. van Hemel, J. T. Vermeulen, J. M.T. de Bakker, J. J.A.M. Defauw, F. J.L. van Capelle, and M. J. Janse Dispersion of `Refractoriness' in Noninfarcted Myocardium of Patients With Ventricular Tachycardia or Ventricular Fibrillation After Myocardial Infarction Circulation, May 15, 1995; 91(10): 2566 - 2572. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. D. Curb, B. L. Rodriguez, C. M. Burchfiel, R. D. Abbott, D. Chiu, and K. Yano Sudden Death, Impaired Glucose Tolerance, and Diabetes in Japanese American Men Circulation, May 15, 1995; 91(10): 2591 - 2595. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. W. Mason and The Electrophysiologic Study versus Electrocardiog A Comparison of Electrophysiologic Testing with Holter Monitoring to Predict Antiarrhythmic-Drug Efficacy for Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias N. Engl. J. Med., August 12, 1993; 329(7): 445 - 451. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. J. Moss, R. E. Goldstein, W. J. Hall, J. T. Bigger Jr, J. L. Fleiss, H. Greenberg, M. Bodenheimer, R. J. Krone, F. I. Marcus, F. J. Th. Wackers, et al. Detection and Significance of Myocardial Ischemia in Stable Patients After Recovery From an Acute Coronary Event JAMA, May 12, 1993; 269(18): 2379 - 2385. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. H. Lorell, P. Dorian, D. Newman, R. Muller, H. M. Steffen, W. Krone, C. D. Furberg, R. W.F. Campbell, B. Pitt, M. A. Pfeffer, et al. ACE Inhibitors after Myocardial Infarction N. Engl. J. Med., April 1, 1993; 328(13): 966 - 969. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. C. Baron, S. B. Thacker, L. Gorelkin, A. A. Vernon, W. R. Taylor, and K. Choi Sudden Death Among Southeast Asian Refugees: An Unexplained Nocturnal Phenomenon JAMA, December 2, 1983; 250(21): 2947 - 2951. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. MIROWSKI, P. R. REID, R. A. WINKLE, M. M. MOWER, L. WATKINS Jr., E. B. STINSON, L. S. C. GRIFFITH, C. H. KALLMAN, and M. L. WEISFELDT Mortality in Patients with Implanted Automatic Defibrillators Ann Intern Med, May 1, 1983; 98(5_Part_1): 585 - 588. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cardiovascular Diseases: An Annotated Bibliography of Recent Literature: References to Journal Articles and Other Papers Ann Intern Med, May 1, 1983; 98(5_Part_1): 679 - 685. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|