Circulation, Vol 56, 786-794, Copyright © 1977 by American Heart Association
KA Reimer, JE Lowe, MM Rasmussen and RB Jennings
Irreversible ischemic myocardial cell injury developes in an increasing
number of cells as the duration of coronary occlusion is prolonged. The
present study quantitates myocardial necrosis produced by 40 minutes, 3
hours, or 6 hours of temporary circumflex coronary occlusion (CO) followed
by 2 to 4 days of reperfusion, or by 24 or 96 hours of permanent circumflex
ligation in pentobarbital anesthetized open chest dogs. After 40 minutes of
ischemia, myocyte necrosis was subendocardial but with increasing duration
of coronary occlusion, irreversible injury progressed as a wavefront toward
the subepicardium. Transmural necrosis was 38 +/- 4% after 40 min, 57 +/-
7% after 3 hours, 71 +/- 7% after 6 hours and 85 +/- 2% after 24 hours of
ischemic injury. These results document the presence of a subepicardial
zone of ischemic but viable myocardium which is available for pharmacologic
or surgical salvage for at least three and perhaps six hours following
circumflex occlusion in the dog.
ARTICLES
The wavefront phenomenon of ischemic cell death. 1. Myocardial infarct size vs duration of coronary occlusion in dogs
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M. Saeed, G. Lund, M. F. Wendland, J. Bremerich, H.-J. Weinmann, and C. B. Higgins Magnetic Resonance Characterization of the Peri-Infarction Zone of Reperfused Myocardial Infarction With Necrosis-Specific and Extracellular Nonspecific Contrast Media Circulation, February 13, 2001; 103(6): 871 - 876. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. T. Roe, E. M. Ohman, A. C. P. Maas, R. H. Christenson, K. W. Mahaffey, C. B. Granger, R. A. Harrington, R. M. Califf, and M. W. Krucoff Shifting the open-artery hypothesis downstream: the quest for optimal reperfusion J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 1, 2001; 37(1): 9 - 18. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Y.-F. Chen, S.-C. Wu, C.-H. Huang, P.-C. Pan, C.-S. Lee, and C.-C. Lin Morphometric identification of luminal narrowing of myocardial capillaries after cardioplegic arrest Ann. Thorac. Surg., January 1, 2001; 71(1): 243 - 248. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. S. Fieno, R. J. Kim, E.-L. Chen, J. W. Lomasney, F. J. Klocke, and R. M. Judd Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of myocardium at risk: Distinction between reversible and irreversible injury throughout infarct healing J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 15, 2000; 36(6): 1985 - 1991. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. B. Hillenbrand, R. J. Kim, M. A. Parker, D. S. Fieno, and R. M. Judd Early Assessment of Myocardial Salvage by Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Circulation, October 3, 2000; 102(14): 1678 - 1683. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. Wilcox Patency, perfusion, performance--the desirable triplets of combination thrombolytic therapy Eur. Heart J., September 2, 2000; 21(18): 1495 - 1497. [PDF]
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C. P. Cannon, C. M. Gibson, C. T. Lambrew, D. A. Shoultz, D. Levy, W. J. French, J. M. Gore, W. D. Weaver, W. J. Rogers, and A. J. Tiefenbrunn Relationship of Symptom-Onset-to-Balloon Time and Door-to-Balloon Time With Mortality in Patients Undergoing Angioplasty for Acute Myocardial Infarction JAMA, June 14, 2000; 283(22): 2941 - 2947. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. S. Lauer Primary Angioplasty--Time Is of the Essence JAMA, June 14, 2000; 283(22): 2988 - 2989. [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. Widimsky, L. Groch, M. Zelizko, M. Aschermann, F. Bednar, and H. Suryapranata Multicentre randomized trial comparing transport to primary angioplasty vs immediate thrombolysis vs combined strategy for patients with acute myocardial infarction presenting to a community hospital without a catheterization laboratory. The PRAGUE Study Eur. Heart J., May 2, 2000; 21(10): 823 - 831. [Abstract] [PDF]
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K. P. Rentrop Thrombi in Acute Coronary Syndromes : Revisited and Revised Circulation, April 4, 2000; 101(13): 1619 - 1626. [Full Text] [PDF]
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Z.-Q. Zhao, M. Nakamura, N.-P. Wang, J. N. Wilcox, S. Shearer, R. S. Ronson, R. A. Guyton, and J. Vinten-Johansen Reperfusion induces myocardial apoptotic cell death Cardiovasc Res, February 1, 2000; 45(3): 651 - 660. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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W. Schaper Quo vadis collateral blood flow?: A commentary on a highly cited paper Cardiovasc Res, January 1, 2000; 45(1): 220 - 223. [Full Text] [PDF]
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N.-P. Wang, B. L. Bufkin, M. Nakamura, Z.-Q. Zhao, J. N. Wilcox, K. O. Hewan-Lowe, R. A. Guyton, and J. Vinten-Johansen Ischemic preconditioning reduces neutrophil accumulation and myocardial apoptosis Ann. Thorac. Surg., June 1, 1999; 67(6): 1689 - 1695. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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V. Wenzel, K. H. Lindner, A. C. Krismer, E. A. Miller, W. G. Voelckel, and W. Lingnau Repeated Administration of Vasopressin but Not Epinephrine Maintains Coronary Perfusion Pressure After Early and Late Administration During Prolonged Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Pigs Circulation, March 16, 1999; 99(10): 1379 - 1384. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 R. Hattori, H. Matsui, M. Kitano, Y. Ichihara, S. Ogawa, M. Hirai, H. Hayashi, and H. Saito Staged Reperfusion Preserves the Coronary Flow Reserve, Especially in the Regions Not Severely Damaged by Ischemic Injury in the Canine Heart Angiology, December 1, 1998; 49(12): 991 - 1004. [Abstract] [PDF]
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B. R. Brodie, T. D. Stuckey, T. C. Wall, G. Kissling, C. J. Hansen, D. B. Muncy, R. A. Weintraub, and T. A. Kelly Importance of time to reperfusion for 30-day and late survival and recovery of left ventricular function after primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 1, 1998; 32(5): 1312 - 1319. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. J. Palazzo, S. P. Jones, D. C. Anderson, D. N. Granger, and D. J. Lefer Coronary endothelial P-selectin in pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, November 1, 1998; 275(5): H1865 - H1872. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. Mori, N. Haramaki, H. Ikeda, and T. Imaizumi Intra-coronary administration of L-arginine aggravates myocardial stunning through production of peroxynitrite in dogs Cardiovasc Res, October 1, 1998; 40(1): 113 - 113. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. Weihrauch, J. Tessmer, D. C. Warltier, and W. M. Chilian Repetitive coronary artery occlusions induce release of growth factors into the myocardial interstitium Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, September 1, 1998; 275(3): H969 - H976. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. W. Hsu, R. Xue, A. Holmes, and J. R. Forder Delayed reduction of tissue water diffusion after myocardial ischemia Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, August 1, 1998; 275(2): H697 - H702. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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