Circulation, Vol 56, 217-224, Copyright © 1977 by American Heart Association
E Downar, MJ Janse and D Durrer
Subepicardial transmembrane potentials were recorded from intact pig hearts
to observe the changes induced by acute ischemia. Ischemia shortened action
potential duration, and decreased its amplitude, upstroke velocity, and
resting potential. The cells were unresponsive after 12 to 15 minutes of
coronary artery occlusion, yet near normal action potentials could be
restored by flushing the occluded artery with saline as late as 40 minutes
after occlusion. The unipolar extracellular electrogram reflected
unresponsiveness by a monophasic potential. Local refractory periods
initially shortened by up to 100 msec. Later, postrepolarization
refractoriness occurred and refractory periods lengthened often in excess
of basic cycle length, thus resulting in 2:1 responses. The onset of early
ventricular arrhythmias often coincided with a period of alternation and
2:1 responses, especially when these got out of phase in different regions.
Reperfusion frequently led to ventricular fibrillation, and was associated
with marked inhomogeneity in cellular responses. Re-entry within ischemic
myocardium was the most likely mechanism for arrhythmias.
ARTICLES
The effect of acute coronary artery occlusion on subepicardial transmembrane potentials in the intact porcine heart
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  H. L. Lujan and S. E. DiCarlo Sex differences to myocardial ischemia and {beta}-adrenergic receptor blockade in conscious rats Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, April 1, 2008; 294(4): H1523 - H1529. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Heper, M. E. Korkmaz, and A. Kilic Reperfusion Arrhythmias: Are They Only a Marker of Epicardial Reperfusion or Continuing Myocardial Ischemia After Acute Myocardial Infarction? Angiology, January 1, 2008; 58(6): 663 - 670. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. M. Tice, B. Rodriguez, J. Eason, and N. Trayanova Mechanistic investigation into the arrhythmogenic role of transmural heterogeneities in regional ischaemia phase 1A Europace, November 1, 2007; 9(suppl_6): vi46 - vi58. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. N. Kenigsberg, S. Khanal, M. Kowalski, and S. C. Krishnan Prolongation of the QTc Interval Is Seen Uniformly During Early Transmural Ischemia J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 27, 2007; 49(12): 1299 - 1305. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Krogh-Madsen and D. J. Christini Action Potential Duration Dispersion and Alternans in Simulated Heterogeneous Cardiac Tissue with a Structural Barrier Biophys. J., February 15, 2007; 92(4): 1138 - 1149. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Wilders Dynamic clamp: a powerful tool in cardiac electrophysiology J. Physiol., October 15, 2006; 576(2): 349 - 359. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. G. Baltogiannis, D. G. Tsalikakis, A. C. Mitsi, K. E. Hatzistergos, D. Elaiopoulos, D. I. Fotiadis, Z. S. Kyriakides, and T. M. Kolettis Endothelin receptor-A blockade decreases ventricular arrhythmias after myocardial infarction in rats Cardiovasc Res, September 1, 2005; 67(4): 647 - 654. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
O. Bernus, C. W. Zemlin, R. M. Zaritsky, S. F. Mironov, and A. M. Pertsov Alternating conduction in the ischaemic border zone as precursor of reentrant arrhythmias: A simulation study Europace, January 1, 2005; 7(s2): S93 - S104. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Lakireddy, P. Baweja, A. Syed, G. Bub, M. Boutjdir, and N. El-Sherif Contrasting effects of ischemia on the kinetics of membrane voltage and intracellular calcium transient underlie electrical alternans Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, January 1, 2005; 288(1): H400 - H407. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S.R. Underwood, J. J Bax, J. v. Dahl, M. Y Henein, A. C van Rossum, E. R Schwarz, J.-L. Vanoverschelde, E. E.v. d. Wall, and W. Wijns Imaging techniques for the assessment of myocardial hibernation: Report of a Study Group of the European Society of Cardiology Eur. Heart J., May 2, 2004; 25(10): 815 - 836. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. G. KLEBER and Y. RUDY Basic Mechanisms of Cardiac Impulse Propagation and Associated Arrhythmias Physiol Rev, April 1, 2004; 84(2): 431 - 488. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y.-W. Qian, R. J. Sung, S.-F. Lin, R. Province, and W. T. Clusin Spatial heterogeneity of action potential alternans during global ischemia in the rabbit heart Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, December 1, 2003; 285(6): H2722 - H2733. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. L Walker and D. S Rosenbaum Repolarization alternans: implications for the mechanism and prevention of sudden cardiac death Cardiovasc Res, March 1, 2003; 57(3): 599 - 614. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. A. Armoundas, G. F. Tomaselli, and H. D. Esperer Pathophysiological basis and clinical application of T-wave alternans J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 17, 2002; 40(2): 207 - 217. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. F Hoffman And then came the microelectrode Cardiovasc Res, January 1, 2002; 53(1): 1 - 5. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. L. Wit and M. J. Janse Reperfusion Arrhythmias and Sudden Cardiac Death: A Century of Progress Toward an Understanding of the Mechanisms Circ. Res., October 26, 2001; 89(9): 741 - 743. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K.-C. Koch, J. vom Dahl, M. Wenderdel, B. Nowak, W. M. Schaefer, A. Sasse, C. Stellbrink, U. Buell, and P. Hanrath Myocardial viability assessment by endocardial electroanatomic mapping: comparison with metabolic imaging and functional recovery after coronary revascularization J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 1, 2001; 38(1): 91 - 98. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Kabakci, O. Onalan, M. Kemal Batur, A. Yildirir, R. Cagrikul, T. Acil, L. Tokgozoglu, A. Oto, F. Ozmen, and S. Kes What is the Optimal Evaluation Time of the QT Dispersion After Acute Myocardial Infarction for the Risk Stratification? Angiology, July 1, 2001; 52(7): 463 - 468. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. J JANSE Ischaemia, action potentials, and refractoriness Heart, October 1, 2000; 84(4): 363 - 364. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P M I Sutton, P Taggart, T Opthof, R Coronel, R Trimlett, W Pugsley, and P Kallis Repolarisation and refractoriness during early ischaemia in humans Heart, October 1, 2000; 84(4): 365 - 369. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. O. Verkerk, M. W. Veldkamp, N. de Jonge, R. Wilders, and A. C.G. van Ginneken Injury current modulates afterdepolarizations in single human ventricular cells Cardiovasc Res, July 1, 2000; 47(1): 124 - 132. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M BERTELLA, F SCALISE, G ERIANO, and R VALENTINI Exercise four hour redistribution thallium-201 SPECT and exercise induced ST segment elevation in detecting viable myocardium in patients with acute MI Heart, January 1, 2000; 83(1): 103a - 103. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. G Kleber ST-segment elevation in the electrocardiogram: a sign of myocardial ischemia Cardiovasc Res, January 1, 2000; 45(1): 111 - 118. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. E Euler Cardiac alternans: mechanisms and pathophysiological significance Cardiovasc Res, June 1, 1999; 42(3): 583 - 590. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. M. Pastore, S. D. Girouard, K. R. Laurita, F. G. Akar, and D. S. Rosenbaum Mechanism Linking T-Wave Alternans to the Genesis of Cardiac Fibrillation Circulation, March 16, 1999; 99(10): 1385 - 1394. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. R Franz Current status of monophasic action potential recording: theories, measurements and interpretations Cardiovasc Res, January 1, 1999; 41(1): 25 - 40. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Kornowski, M. K. Hong, L. Gepstein, S. Goldstein, S. Ellahham, S. A. Ben-Haim, and M. B. Leon Preliminary Animal and Clinical Experiences Using an Electromechanical Endocardial Mapping Procedure to Distinguish Infarcted From Healthy Myocardium Circulation, September 15, 1998; 98(11): 1116 - 1124. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. W. L. Bethell, J. I. Vandenberg, G. A. Smith, and A. A. Grace Changes in ventricular repolarization during acidosis and low-flow ischemia Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, August 1, 1998; 275(2): H551 - H561. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Cafri, R. Ilia, and A. Battler Self-Terminating Ventricular Fibrillation During Variant Angina: A Case Report Angiology, July 1, 1998; 49(7): 581 - 584. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Tachibana, I. Kubota, M. Yamaki, T. Watanabe, and H. Tomoike Discordant S-T alternans contributes to formation of reentry: a possible mechanism of reperfusion arrhythmia Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, July 1, 1998; 275(1): H116 - H121. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. Janse, T. Opthof, and A. G. Kleber Animal models of cardiac arrhythmias Cardiovasc Res, July 1, 1998; 39(1): 165 - 177. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Li, C. Y. Li, A. C. Yong, and D. Kilpatrick Source of Electrocardiographic ST Changes in Subendocardial Ischemia Circ. Res., May 19, 1998; 82(9): 957 - 970. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Mehta, J. Curwin, J. A. Gomes, and V. Fuster Sudden Death in Coronary Artery Disease : Acute Ischemia Versus Myocardial Substrate Circulation, November 4, 1997; 96(9): 3215 - 3223. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. M. Shaw and Y. Rudy Electrophysiologic effects of acute myocardial ischemia: a theoretical study of altered cell excitability and action potential duration Cardiovasc Res, August 1, 1997; 35(2): 256 - 272. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. M. Shaw and Y. Rudy Electrophysiologic Effects of Acute Myocardial Ischemia: A Mechanistic Investigation of Action Potential Conduction and Conduction Failure Circ. Res., January 1, 1997; 80(1): 124 - 138. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. F. Kwaku and S. M. Dillon Shock-Induced Depolarization of Refractory Myocardium Prevents Wave-Front Propagation in Defibrillation Circ. Res., November 1, 1996; 79(5): 957 - 973. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. D. Girouard, J. M. Pastore, K. R. Laurita, K. W. Gregory, and D. S. Rosenbaum Optical Mapping in a New Guinea Pig Model of Ventricular Tachycardia Reveals Mechanisms for Multiple Wavelengths in a Single Reentrant Circuit Circulation, February 1, 1996; 93(3): 603 - 613. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. H. KenKnight, P. V. Bayly, R. J. Gerstle, D. L. Rollins, P. D. Wolf, W. M. Smith, and R. E. Ideker Regional Capture of Fibrillating Ventricular Myocardium : Evidence of an Excitable Gap Circ. Res., October 1, 1995; 77(4): 849 - 855. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|