Circulation, Vol 51, 606-613, Copyright © 1975 by American Heart Association
WB Kannel, JT Doyle, PM McNamara, P Quickenton and T Gordon
Precursors of sudden death were sought in men--1838 civil servants in
Albany, New York, and 2282 residents of Framingham, Massachusetts-- under
continuous surveillance for 16 years. In men 45-74 years old there were 234
deaths attributed to coronary heart disease (CHD) of which 109 occurred
within one hour of onset of symptoms. More than half of all deaths due to
CHD occurred outside the hospital and about 80 per cent of these were
sudden. Most were unheralded by prior symptoms of CHD. Persons at high risk
of death from CHD, including sudden death, can be identified long before
the terminal unexpected catastrophe. The same precursive stigmata exist in
persons subject ot coronary attacks whether or not immediately fatal. The
risk of sudden death in these two populations was positively correlated
with high blood pressure, the electrocardiographic pattern of left
ventricular enlargement, obesity, and heavy cigarette usage. Sudden death
is a common and possibly incidental expression of lethal coronary heart
disease. The potential candidate for sudden death cannot be confidently
distinguished from the individual who succumbs more slowly of myocardial
infarction. The inescapable conclusion is that the prevention of sudden
death requires the prevention of coronary attacks.
ARTICLES
Precursors of sudden coronary death. Factors related to the incidence of sudden death
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  P. Pascale, J. Schlaepfer, M. Oddo, M.-D. Schaller, P. Vogt, and M. Fromer Ventricular arrhythmia in coronary artery disease: limits of a risk stratification strategy based on the ejection fraction alone and impact of infarct localization Europace, December 1, 2009; 11(12): 1639 - 1646. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. P. Anstadt and J. E. Lowe Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Card. Surg. Adult, January 1, 2008; 3(2008): 487 - 506. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Ferdinandy, R. Schulz, and G. F. Baxter Interaction of Cardiovascular Risk Factors with Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury, Preconditioning, and Postconditioning Pharmacol. Rev., December 1, 2007; 59(4): 418 - 458. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. R. Holmes Jr, L. J. Kim, M. M. Brooks, K. E. Kip, H. V. Schaff, K. M. Detre, R. L. Frye, and Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation The effect of coronary artery bypass grafting on specific causes of long-term mortality in the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., July 1, 2007; 134(1): 38 - 46. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Savopoulos, A. Ziakas, A. Hatzitolios, C. Delivoria, A. Kounanis, S. Mylonas, M. Tsougas, and D. Psaroulis Circadian Rhythm in Sudden Cardiac Death: A Retrospective Study of 2,665 Cases Angiology, March 1, 2006; 57(2): 197 - 204. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Thorgeirsson, G. Thorgeirsson, H. Sigvaldason, and J. Witteman Risk factors for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: the Reykjavik Study Eur. Heart J., August 1, 2005; 26(15): 1499 - 1505. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S U Shah, Z Iqbal, A White, and S White Heart and mind: (2) psychotropic and cardiovascular therapeutics Postgrad. Med. J., January 1, 2005; 81(951): 33 - 40. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. E. Arking, S. S. Chugh, A. Chakravarti, and P. M. Spooner Genomics in Sudden Cardiac Death Circ. Res., April 2, 2004; 94(6): 712 - 723. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Naghavi, P. Libby, E. Falk, S. W. Casscells, S. Litovsky, J. Rumberger, J. J. Badimon, C. Stefanadis, P. Moreno, G. Pasterkamp, et al. From Vulnerable Plaque to Vulnerable Patient: A Call for New Definitions and Risk Assessment Strategies: Part II Circulation, October 14, 2003; 108(15): 1772 - 1778. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Y. Goraya, S. J. Jacobsen, T. E. Kottke, R. L. Frye, S. A. Weston, and V. L. Roger Coronary Heart Disease Death and Sudden Cardiac Death: A 20-Year Population-based Study Am. J. Epidemiol., May 1, 2003; 157(9): 763 - 770. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. A. Treiber, T. Kamarck, N. Schneiderman, D. Sheffield, G. Kapuku, and T. Taylor Cardiovascular Reactivity and Development of Preclinical and Clinical Disease States Psychosom Med, January 1, 2003; 65(1): 46 - 62. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. P. Anstadt and J. E. Lowe Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Card. Surg. Adult, January 1, 2003; 2(2003): 471 - 494. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S Z Abildstrom, C Rask-Madsen, M M Ottesen, P K Andersen, S Rosthoj, C Torp-Pedersen, and L Kober Impact of age and sex on sudden cardiovascular death following myocardial infarction Heart, December 1, 2002; 88(6): 573 - 578. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. A. Ray, S. Meredith, P. B. Thapa, K. G. Meador, K. Hall, and K. T. Murray Antipsychotics and the Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death Arch Gen Psychiatry, December 1, 2001; 58(12): 1161 - 1167. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Sotoodehnia, A. Zivin, G. H Bardy, and D. S Siscovick Reducing mortality from sudden cardiac death in the community: lessons from epidemiology and clinical applications research Cardiovasc Res, May 1, 2001; 50(2): 197 - 209. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Enriquez-Sarano Reply J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 15, 2000; 36(6): 2014 - 2015. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. W. Kamarck, J. Eranen, J. R. Jennings, S. B. Manuck, S. A. Everson, G. A. Kaplan, and J. T. Salonen Anticipatory Blood Pressure Responses to Exercise Are Associated With Left Ventricular Mass in Finnish Men : Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study Circulation, September 19, 2000; 102(12): 1394 - 1399. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P.R James, P Taggart, S.T McNally, S.P Newman, S.C Sporton, and S.M.C Hardman Acute psychological stress and the propensity to ventricular arrhythmias. Evidence for a linking mechanism Eur. Heart J., June 2, 2000; 21(12): 1023 - 1028. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Uzzaman, H. Honjo, Y. Takagishi, L. Emdad, A. I. Magee, N. J. Severs, and I. Kodama Remodeling of Gap Junctional Coupling in Hypertrophied Right Ventricles of Rats With Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension Circ. Res., April 28, 2000; 86(8): 871 - 878. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Z. Zemva and A. Zemva Ventricular Ectopic Activity, Left Ventricular Mass, Hyperinsulinemia, and Intracellular Magnesium in Normotensive Patients with Obesity Angiology, February 1, 2000; 51(2): 101 - 106. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Grigioni, M. Enriquez-Sarano, L. H. Ling, K. R. Bailey, J. B. Seward, A. J. Tajik, and R. L. Frye Sudden death in mitral regurgitation due to flail leaflet J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., December 1, 1999; 34(7): 2078 - 2085. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D Darbar, C J Cherry, and D M Kerins QT dispersion is reduced after valve replacement in patients with aortic stenosis Heart, July 1, 1999; 82(1): 15 - 18. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
X. Jouven, M. Desnos, C. Guerot, and P. Ducimetiere Predicting Sudden Death in the Population : The Paris Prospective Study I Circulation, April 20, 1999; 99(15): 1978 - 1983. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. G. Favaloro Landmarks in the Development of Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Circulation, August 4, 1998; 98(5): 466 - 478. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Brooks, R. A Poolman, and J.-M. Li Arresting developments in the cardiac myocyte cell cycle: Role of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors Cardiovasc Res, August 1, 1998; 39(2): 301 - 311. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. F. O'Rourke, E. Donaldson, and J. S. Geddes An Airline Cardiac Arrest Program Circulation, November 4, 1997; 96(9): 2849 - 2853. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. J. Manolis, D. Beldekos, J. Hatzissavas, S. Foussas, D. Cokkinos, M. Bresnahan, I. Gavras, and H. Gavras Hemodynamic and Humoral Correlates in Essential Hypertension : Relationship Between Patterns of LVH and Myocardial Ischemia Hypertension, September 1, 1997; 30(3): 730 - 734. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Cooklin, W. R. J. Wallis, D. J. Sheridan, and C. H. Fry Changes in Cell-to-Cell Electrical Coupling Associated With Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Circ. Res., June 19, 1997; 80(6): 765 - 771. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. S. Perkiomaki, M. J. Ikaheimo, S. M. Pikkujamsa, A. Rantala, M. Lilja, Y. A. Kesaniemi, and H. V. Huikuri Dispersion of the QT Interval and Autonomic Modulation of Heart Rate in Hypertensive Men With and Without Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Hypertension, July 1, 1996; 28(1): 16 - 21. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Villacastin, J. Almendral, A. Arenal, J. Albertos, J. Ormaetxe, R. Peinado, H. Bueno, J. L. Merino, A. Pastor, O. Medina, et al. Incidence and Clinical Significance of Multiple Consecutive, Appropriate, High-Energy Discharges in Patients With Implanted Cardioverter-Defibrillators Circulation, February 15, 1996; 93(4): 753 - 762. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Wannamethee, A. G. Shaper, P. W. Macfarlane, and M. Walker Risk Factors for Sudden Cardiac Death in Middle-Aged British Men Circulation, March 15, 1995; 91(6): 1749 - 1756. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Bernardi, F. L. Dini, A. Azzarelli, A. Giaconi, C. Volterrani, and M. Lunardi Sudden Cardiac Death Rate in an Area Characterized by High Incidence of Coronary Artery Disease and Low Hardness of Drinking Water Angiology, February 1, 1995; 46(2): 145 - 149. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. M. Gulizia, P. Lo Giudice, G. Doria, R. Valenti, and A. G. Circo Hypertension and Ischemic Heart Disease Role of Dipyridamole Echocardiography Test Angiology, November 1, 1994; 45(11): 943 - 948. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. A. M. Pop, P. J. Koudstaal, H. J. Meeder, A. Algra, J. C. van Latum, J. van Gijn, and Dutch TIA Trial Study Group Predictive Value of Clinical History and Electrocardiogram in Patients With Transient Ischemic Attack or Minor Ischemic Stroke for Subsequent Cardiac and Cerebral Ischemic Events Arch Neurol, April 1, 1994; 51(4): 333 - 341. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Adult Advanced Cardiac Life Support JAMA, October 28, 1992; 268(16): 2199 - 2241. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. J. Podrid Resuscitation in the Elderly: A Blessing or a Curse? Ann Intern Med, August 1, 1989; 111(3): 193 - 195. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. S. Parfrey, J. D. Harnett, S. M. Griffiths, M. H. Gault, and P. E. Barre Congestive Heart Failure in Dialysis Patients Arch Intern Med, July 1, 1988; 148(7): 1519 - 1525. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. N. CASALE, R. B. DEVEREUX, M. MILNER, G. ZULLO, G. A. HARSHFIELD, T. G. PICKERING, and J. H. LARAGH Value of Echocardiographic Measurement of Left Ventricular Mass in Predicting Cardiovascular Morbid Events in Hypertensive Men Ann Intern Med, August 1, 1986; 105(2): 173 - 178. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Standards and Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and Emergency Cardiac Care (ECC) JAMA, June 6, 1986; 255(21): 2905 - 2984. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. L. Engelberg, H. L. Gibbons, and T. C. Doege A Review of the Medical Standards for Civilian Airmen: Synopsis of a Two-Year Study JAMA, March 28, 1986; 255(12): 1589 - 1599. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. F. LEIGHTON and T. D. FRAKER JR. Silent Myocardial Ischemia: Concern Is Justified for the Patient with Known Coronary Artery Disease Ann Intern Med, April 1, 1984; 100(4): 599 - 601. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. M. Kowal and W. L. Daniels Recommendations for the screening of military personnel over 35 years of age for physical training programs Am. J. Sports Med., June 1, 1979; 7(3): 186 - 190. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. D. WATERS and J. S. FORRESTER Myocardial Ischemia: Detection and Quantitation Ann Intern Med, February 1, 1978; 88(2): 239 - 250. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. S. Bloom and E. Jonsson Distributing Medical Care Services: Coronary Care Units in the United States and Sweden Scand J Public Health, January 1, 1978; 6(3): 97 - 104. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|