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(Circulation. 2009;119:2969-2977.)
© 2009 American Heart Association, Inc.

Epidemiology

Associations of Physical Activity With Inflammatory Factors, Adipocytokines, and Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-Aged and Older Chinese People

Zhijie Yu, MD, PhD, MPH; Xingwang Ye, PhD; Jing Wang, MSc; Qibin Qi, MSc; Oscar H. Franco, MD, DSc, PhD; Kirsten L. Rennie, PhD, RPhNutr; An Pan, MSc; Huaixing Li, PhD; Yong Liu, PhD; Frank B. Hu, MD, PhD; Xu Lin, MD, PhD

From the Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Z.Y., X.Y., J.W., Q.Q., A.P., H.L., Y.L., X.L.); Unilever Corporate Research, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, UK (O.H.F., K.L.R.); Health Sciences Research Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry, West Midlands, UK (O.H.F.); School of Health and Emergency Professions, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK (K.L.R.); and Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Mass (F.B.H.).

Correspondence to Xu Lin, MD, PhD, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, 294 Tai-Yuan Rd, Shanghai, 200031, China (e-mail xlin{at}sibs.ac.cn); or Frank B. Hu, MD, PhD, Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Mass (e-mail frank.hu@channing.harvard.edu).

Received November 5, 2008; accepted April 17, 2009.

Background— Inflammatory factors, adipocytokines, and the metabolic syndrome are important determinants of cardiometabolic disease. It remains unclear how physical activity is related to these risk factors. Our objective was to investigate single and joint associations of physical activity with inflammatory factors, adipocytokines, and the metabolic syndrome among middle-aged and older Chinese people.

Methods and Results— A total of 3289 individuals (1458 men, 1831 women) 50 to 70 years of age participated in a population-based cross-sectional survey in Beijing and Shanghai, China. Levels of total physical activity were assessed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor- receptor 2, adiponectin, and retinol-binding protein 4 were measured. The metabolic syndrome was defined using the updated National Cholesterol Education Program/Adult Treatment Panel III criteria for Asian Americans. Plasma concentrations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were 1.58, 1.74, and 1.27 mg/L (P=0.0138) and of adiponectin were 16.12, 16.20, and 17.21 mg/L (P=0.0078) among individuals with low, medium, and high levels of total physical activity, respectively, with adjustment for potential confounders. In the multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analyses, participants with higher levels of total physical activity had a lower risk of having the metabolic syndrome (odds ratio, 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.54 to 0.85; P for trend=0.001) compared with those with lower levels.

Conclusions— Being physically active is associated with a better profile of inflammatory factors and adipocytokines and a reduced risk of having the metabolic syndrome among Chinese people.

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