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(Circulation. 2007;115:861-871.)
© 2007 American Heart Association, Inc.

Cardiovascular Disease in Women

Estrogen Receptor Polymorphism and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease, Cancer, and Hip Fracture

Cross-Sectional, Cohort, and Case–Control Studies and a Meta-Analysis

Alisa D. Kjaergaard, MD; Christina Ellervik, MD; Anne Tybjærg-Hansen, MD, DMSc; Christen Kirk Axelsson, MD; Marie-Louise M. Grønholdt, MD, DMSc; Peer Grande, MD, DMSc; Gorm B. Jensen, MD, DMSc; Børge G. Nordestgaard, MD, DMSc

From the Departments of Clinical Biochemistry (A.D.K., C.E., B.G.N.) and Breast Surgery (C.K.A.), Herlev University Hospital, Herlev; Departments of Clinical Biochemistry (A.T.-H.), Vascular Surgery (M.-L.M.G.), and Cardiology (P.G.), Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen; and Copenhagen City Heart Study (A.T.-H., G.B.J., B.G.N.), Bispebjerg University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Correspondence to Børge G. Nordestgaard, Professor, Chief Physician, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark. E-mail brno{at}heh.regionh.dk

Received January 20, 2006; accepted October 24, 2006.

Background— We hypothesized that the estrogen receptor (ESR1) IVS1-397T/C polymorphism affects high-density lipoprotein cholesterol response to hormone replacement therapy and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer of reproductive organs, and hip fracture.

Methods and Results— We studied cross-sectionally 9244 individuals from the Danish general population and followed them up for 23 to 25 years. End points were CVD (ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, ischemic cerebrovascular disease, ischemic stroke, other ischemic cerebrovascular disease, venous thromboembolism, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism), cancer of reproductive organs (breasts, ovaries, uterus, and prostate), and hip fracture. We also studied patients with ischemic heart disease (n=2495), ischemic cerebrovascular disease (n=856), and breast cancer (n=1256) versus general population controls. The CC, CT, and TT genotypes had general population frequencies of 21%, 50%, and 29%, respectively. Cross-sectionally, genotype did not influence high-density lipoprotein cholesterol response to hormone replacement therapy. In the cohort study, there were no differences in risks of CVD, cancer of reproductive organs, or hip fracture between genotypes. In case–control studies, risk of CVD did not differ between genotypes; however, the odds ratio for breast cancer in women with TT versus CC genotypes was 1.4 (95% CI, 1.1 to 1.7). Meta-analysis in men of 6 previous and the present 2 studies, including 4799 cases and 12 190 controls, showed odds ratios in CC versus CT and TT genotypes for fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction of 0.81 (95% CI, 0.59 to 1.12) and 1.08 (95% CI, 0.97 to 1.21).

Conclusions— ESR1 IVS1-397T/C polymorphism does not influence high-density lipoprotein cholesterol response to hormone replacement therapy or risk of CVD, most cancers of reproductive organs, or hip fracture.

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