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(Circulation. 2007;115:2842-2847.)
© 2007 American Heart Association, Inc.

Interventional Cardiology

Offsetting Impact of Thrombosis and Restenosis on the Occurrence of Death and Myocardial Infarction After Paclitaxel-Eluting and Bare Metal Stent Implantation

Gregg W. Stone, MD; Stephen G. Ellis, MD; Antonio Colombo, MD; Keith D. Dawkins, MD; Eberhard Grube, MD; Donald E. Cutlip, MD; Mark Friedman, MD; Donald S. Baim, MD; Joerg Koglin, MD

From Columbia University Medical Center and the Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY (G.W.S.); Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (S.G.E.); San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy (A.C.); Southampton University Hospital, Southampton, UK (K.D.D.); Heart Center Siegburg, Siegburg, Germany (E.G.); Harvard Clinical Research Institute, Boston, Mass (D.E.C.); and Boston Scientific Corp, Natick, Mass (M.F., D.S.B., J.K.).

Correspondence to Gregg W. Stone, MD, Columbia University Medical Center, The Cardiovascular Research Foundation, 111 E 59th St, 11th Floor, New York, NY 10022. E-mail gs2184{at}columbia.edu

Received December 27, 2006; accepted March 26, 2007.

Background— Drug-eluting stents compared with bare metal stents (BMS) may increase late stent thrombosis (ST), although an accompanying increase in the rates of death and myocardial infarction (MI) has not been observed. We hypothesized that the prevention of restenosis-related adverse events by drug-eluting stents might offset some or all of the excess risk from ST.

Methods and Results— We analyzed a pooled patient-level database from 4 prospective, double-blind trials in which 3445 patients were randomized to paclitaxel-eluting stents or BMS. The occurrence of death or MI within 7 days of ST or target lesion revascularization was assessed. With a median follow-up of 3.2 years, ST occurred in 34 patients (1.0%), 31 (91.1%) of whom sustained death or MI within 7 days. Target lesion revascularization was performed in 425 patients (12.3%), 15 (3.5%) of whom died or had MI within 7 days. ST occurred in 14 BMS and 20 paclitaxel-eluting stent patients, resulting in 12 and 19 deaths or MIs within 7 days, respectively. Target lesion revascularization was performed in 290 BMS and 135 paclitaxel-eluting stent patients, resulting in 11 and 4 deaths or MI events within 7 days, respectively. In total, 23 patients in both the BMS and paclitaxel-eluting stents groups died or had an MI event within 7 days of either ST or target lesion revascularization.

Conclusions— ST, although infrequent, results in a high incident rate of death and MI, whereas the more frequent occurrence of target lesion revascularization is associated with a finite but lower rate of death and MI. The marked reduction in restenosis with drug-eluting stents compared with BMS may counterbalance the potential excess risk from late ST with drug-eluting stents.

Key Words: mortality • myocardial infarction • restenosis • stent • thrombosis

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