Circulation. 2006;113:1213-1225
Published online before print February 13, 2006, doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.595496
Published online before print February 13, 2006, doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.595496
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(Circulation. 2006;113:1213-1225.)
© 2006 American Heart Association, Inc.
Hypertension |
Differential Impact of Blood Pressure–Lowering Drugs on Central Aortic Pressure and Clinical Outcomes
Principal Results of the Conduit Artery Function Evaluation (CAFE) Study
From the University Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK (B.W., P.S.L., H.T.); National Heart & Lung Institute, International Center for Circulatory Health at St Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College London W2 ILA, London, UK (S.M.T., A.D.H.); Clinical Epidemiology Group, University Department of Medicine, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK (K.C.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, St Stephen’s Green, Dublin, Ireland (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Bart’s & The London, Queen Mary’s School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, UK (D.C.); and University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (M.O.).
Reprint requests to Peter S. Lacy, PhD, Research Fellow, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, PO Box 65, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK. E-mail psl2{at}le.ac.uk
Received October 14, 2005; revision received December 14, 2005; accepted December 16, 2005.
Background— Different blood pressure (BP)–lowering drugs could have different effects on central aortic pressures and thus cardiovascular outcome despite similar effects on brachial BP. The Conduit Artery Function Evaluation (CAFE) study, a substudy of the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial (ASCOT), examined the impact of 2 different BP lowering-regimens (atenolol±thiazide-based versus amlodipine±perindopril-based therapy) on derived central aortic pressures and hemodynamics.
Methods and Results— The CAFE study recruited 2199 patients in 5 ASCOT centers. Radial artery applanation tonometry and pulse wave analysis were used to derive central aortic pressures and hemodynamic indexes on repeated visits for up to 4 years. Most patients received combination therapy throughout the study. Despite similar brachial systolic BPs between treatment groups (
0.7 mm Hg; 95% CI, –0.4 to 1.7; P=0.2), there were substantial reductions in central aortic pressures with the amlodipine regimen (central aortic systolic BP, 4.3 mm Hg; 95% CI, 3.3 to 5.4; P<0.0001; central aortic pulse pressure, 3.0 mm Hg; 95% CI, 2.1 to 3.9; P<0.0001). Cox proportional-hazards modeling showed that central pulse pressure was significantly associated with a post hoc–defined composite outcome of total cardiovascular events/procedures and development of renal impairment in the CAFE cohort (unadjusted, P<0.0001; adjusted for baseline variables, P<0.05).
Conclusions— BP-lowering drugs can have substantially different effects on central aortic pressures and hemodynamics despite a similar impact on brachial BP. Moreover, central aortic pulse pressure may be a determinant of clinical outcomes, and differences in central aortic pressures may be a potential mechanism to explain the different clinical outcomes between the 2 BP treatment arms in ASCOT.
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C. Tsioufis, K. Dimitriadis, M. Selima, C. Thomopoulos, C. Mihas, I. Skiadas, D. Tousoulis, C. Stefanadis, and I. Kallikazaros Low-grade inflammation and hypoadiponectinaemia have an additive detrimental effect on aortic stiffness in essential hypertensive patients Eur. Heart J., May 1, 2007; 28(9): 1162 - 1169. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. Aznaouridis, C. Vlachopoulos, I. Dima, N. Ioakeimidis, and C. Stefanadis Triglyceride level is associated with wave reflections and arterial stiffness in apparently healthy middle-aged men Heart, May 1, 2007; 93(5): 613 - 614. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. Swamy, Q. Ling, T. Li, and R. Mukkamala Blind identification of the aortic pressure waveform from multiple peripheral artery pressure waveforms Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, May 1, 2007; 292(5): H2257 - H2264. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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N. A. Jatoi, P. Jerrard-Dunne, J. Feely, and A. Mahmud Impact of Smoking and Smoking Cessation on Arterial Stiffness and Aortic Wave Reflection in Hypertension Hypertension, May 1, 2007; 49(5): 981 - 985. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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B. Williams The Obese Hypertensive: The Weight of Evidence Against {beta}-Blockers Circulation, April 17, 2007; 115(15): 1973 - 1974. [Full Text] [PDF]
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I. J. Kullo and A. R. Malik Arterial Ultrasonography and Tonometry as Adjuncts to Cardiovascular Risk Stratification J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 3, 2007; 49(13): 1413 - 1426. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. Lucats, B. Ghaleh, X. Monnet, P. Colin, A. Bize, and A. Berdeaux Conversion of post-systolic wall thickening into ejectional thickening by selective heart rate reduction during myocardial stunning Eur. Heart J., April 1, 2007; 28(7): 872 - 879. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 A. R. Khoshdel, S. L. Carney, B. R. Nair, and A. Gillies Better Management of Cardiovascular Diseases by Pulse Wave Velocity: Combining Clinical Practice with Clinical Research using Evidence-Based Medicine Clin. Med. Res., March 1, 2007; 5(1): 45 - 52. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Laurent, J. Cockcroft, L. Van Bortel, P. Boutouyrie, C. Giannattasio, D. Hayoz, B. Pannier, C. Vlachopoulos, I. Wilkinson, H. Struijker-Boudier, et al. Expert consensus document on arterial stiffness: methodological issues and clinical applications Eur. Heart J., November 1, 2006; 27(21): 2588 - 2605. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 N.C. Edwards, R.P. Steeds, C.J. Ferro, and J.N. Townend The treatment of coronary artery disease in patients with chronic kidney disease QJM, November 1, 2006; 99(11): 723 - 736. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C Vlachopoulos, K Aznaouridis, and C Stefanadis Clinical appraisal of arterial stiffness: the Argonauts in front of the Golden Fleece Heart, November 1, 2006; 92(11): 1544 - 1550. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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B. Williams The Year in Hypertension J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 17, 2006; 48(8): 1698 - 1711. [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Nieminen, M. Kahonen, and T. Koobi Letter by Nieminen et al Regarding Article, "Differential Impact of Blood Pressure-Lowering Drugs on Central Aortic Pressure and Clinical Outcomes: Principal Results of the Conduit Artery Function Evaluation (CAFE) Study" Circulation, October 10, 2006; 114(15): e536 - e536. [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. M. Dart, C. D. Gatzka, and B. Kingwell Letter by Dart et al Regarding Article, "Differential Impact of Blood Pressure-Lowering Drugs on Central Aortic Pressure and Clinical Outcomes: Principal Results of the Conduit Artery Function Evaluation (CAFE) Study" Circulation, October 10, 2006; 114(15): e537 - e537. [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. D. Cameron, I. T. Meredith, and S. A. Hope Letter by Cameron et al Regarding Article, "Differential Impact of Blood Pressure-Lowering Drugs on Central Aortic Pressure and Clinical Outcomes: Principal Results of the Conduit Artery Function Evaluation (CAFE) Study" Circulation, October 10, 2006; 114(15): e538 - e538. [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. E. Safar and A. Fournier Letter by Safar and Fournier Regarding Article, "Differential Impact of Blood Pressure-Lowering Drugs on Central Aortic Pressure and Clinical Outcomes: Principal Results of the Conduit Artery Function Evaluation (CAFE) Study" Circulation, October 10, 2006; 114(15): e539 - e539. [Full Text] [PDF]
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B. Williams, P. S. Lacy, H. Thurston, S. Thom, A. Hughes, K. Cruickshank, A. Stanton, D. Collier, and M. O'Rourke Response to Letters Regarding Article, "Differential Impact of Blood Pressure-Lowering Drugs on Central Aortic Pressure and Clinical Outcomes: Principal Results of the Conduit Artery Function Evaluation (CAFE) Study" Circulation, October 10, 2006; 114(15): e540 - e541. [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. Verdecchia, F. Angeli, and S. Taddei At the Beginning of Stiffening: Endothelial Dysfunction Meets "Pulsology" Hypertension, October 1, 2006; 48(4): 541 - 542. [Full Text] [PDF]
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