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(Circulation. 2006;113:2919-2928.)
© 2006 American Heart Association, Inc.

Heart Failure

Matrix Metalloproteinase-7 Affects Connexin-43 Levels, Electrical Conduction, and Survival After Myocardial Infarction

Merry L. Lindsey, PhD; G. Patricia Escobar, DVM; Rupak Mukherjee, PhD; Danielle K. Goshorn, BS; Nina J. Sheats, BS; James A. Bruce, BS; I. Matthew Mains, BS; Jennifer K. Hendrick, BS; Kenneth W. Hewett, PhD; Robert G. Gourdie, PhD; Lynn M. Matrisian, PhD; Francis G. Spinale, MD, PhD

From the Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (M.L.L., G.P.E.); Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Research (R.M., D.K.G., N.J.S., J.A.B., I.M.M., J.K.H., F.G.S.) and Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy (K.W.H., R.G.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn (L.M.M.); and Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, Charleston, SC (F.G.S.).

Correspondence to Merry L. Lindsey, PhD, Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, Mail Code 7872, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900. E-mail lindseym{at}uthscsa.edu

Received January 9, 2006; revision received April 17, 2006; accepted April 24, 2006.

Background— Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) contribute to left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). Specific causative roles of particular MMPs, however, remain unclear. MMP-7 is abundant in cardiomyocytes and macrophages, but MMP-7 function after MI has not been defined.

Methods and Results— Wild-type (WT; n=55) and MMP-7–null (MMP-7^–/–; n=32) mice underwent permanent coronary artery ligation for 7 days. MI sizes were similar, but survival was greatly improved in MMP-7^–/– mice. The survival difference could not be attributed to differences in left ventricular dilation because end-diastolic volumes increased similarly. ECG analysis revealed a prolonged PR interval in WT but not in MMP-7^–/– post-MI mice. Post-MI conduction velocity, determined by optically mapping electrical wavefront propagation, decreased to 78±6% of control for WT and was normalized in MMP-7^–/– mice. In WT mice, slower conduction velocity correlated with a 53% reduction in the gap junction protein connexin-43. Direct binding of MMP-7 to connexin-43, determined by surface plasmon resonance technology, occurred in a dose-dependent manner. Connexin-43 processing by MMP-7 was confirmed by in silico and in vitro substrate analyses and MMP-7 infusion induced arrhythmias in vivo.

Conclusions— MMP-7 deletion results in improved survival and myocardial conduction patterns after MI. This is the first report to implicate MMP-7 in post-MI remodeling and to demonstrate that connexin-43 is a novel MMP-7 substrate.

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