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(Circulation. 2006;113:1675-1682.)
© 2006 American Heart Association, Inc.

Epidemiology

Magnesium Intake and Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome Among Young Adults

Ka He, MD, ScD; Kiang Liu, PhD; Martha L. Daviglus, MD, PhD; Steven J. Morris, PhD; Catherine M. Loria, PhD; Linda Van Horn, PhD; David R. Jacobs, Jr, PhD; Peter J. Savage, MD

From Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (K.H., K.L., M.L.D., L.V.H.); University of Missouri-Columbia Research Reactor Center (S.J.M.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, Bethesda, Md (C.M.L., P.J.S.); University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, Minneapolis (D.R.J.); and Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (D.R.J.).

Correspondence to Ka He, MD, ScD, Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 680 N Lake Shore Dr, Suite 1102, Chicago, IL 60611. E-mail kahe{at}northwestern.edu

Received September 12, 2005; revision received January 31, 2006; accepted February 2, 2006.

Background— Studies suggest that magnesium intake may be inversely related to risk of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus and that higher intake of magnesium may decrease blood triglycerides and increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. However, the longitudinal association of magnesium intake and incidence of metabolic syndrome has not been investigated.

Methods and Results— We prospectively examined the relations between magnesium intake and incident metabolic syndrome and its components among 4637 Americans, aged 18 to 30 years, who were free from metabolic syndrome and diabetes at baseline. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed according to the National Cholesterol Education Program/Adult Treatment Panel III definition. Diet was assessed by an interviewer-administered quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and magnesium intake was derived from the nutrient database developed by the Minnesota Nutrition Coordinating Center. During the 15 years of follow-up, 608 incident cases of the metabolic syndrome were identified. Magnesium intake was inversely associated with incidence of metabolic syndrome after adjustment for major lifestyle and dietary variables and baseline status of each component of the metabolic syndrome. Compared with those in the lowest quartile of magnesium intake, multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio of metabolic syndrome for participants in the highest quartile was 0.69 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52 to 0.91; P for trend <0.01). The inverse associations were not materially modified by gender and race. Magnesium intake was also inversely related to individual component of the metabolic syndrome and fasting insulin levels.

Conclusions— Our findings suggest that young adults with higher magnesium intake have lower risk of development of metabolic syndrome.

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Dietary Magnesium Reduces Chance of Disease

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