Circulation. 2005;111:3384-3390
Published online before print June 20, 2005, doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.483628
Published online before print June 20, 2005, doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.483628
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Circulation. 2005;111:3384-3390.)
© 2005 American Heart Association, Inc.
Epidemiology |
Elevated Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity, a Marker of Arterial Stiffness, Predicts Cardiovascular Events in Well-Functioning Older Adults
From the Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa (K.S.-T., R.M.B., L.V., V.K., A.N.); Gerontology Research Center (S.S.N., E.M.S., E.G.L., H.S.) and Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography and Biometry (R.H.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Md; University of Tennessee, Memphis (S.K.); Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (M.P.); and Prevention Sciences Group, University of California, San Francisco (D.B.).
Correspondence to Kim Sutton-Tyrrell, Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, 127 Parran Hall/130 DeSoto St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261. E-mail Tyrrell{at}edc.pitt.edu
Received June 10, 2004; revision received October 4, 2004; accepted October 22, 2004.
Background— Aging results in vascular stiffening and an increase in the velocity of the pressure wave as it travels down the aorta. Increased aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV) has been associated with mortality in clinical but not general populations. The objective of this investigation was to determine whether aPWV is associated with total and cardiovascular (CV) mortality and CV events in a community-dwelling sample of older adults.
Methods and Results— aPWV was measured at baseline in 2488 participants from the Health, Aging and Body Composition (Health ABC) study. Vital status, cause of death and coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and congestive heart failure were determined from medical records. Over 4.6 years, 265 deaths occurred, 111 as a result of cardiovascular causes. There were 341 CHD events, 94 stroke events, and 181 cases of congestive heart failure. Results are presented by quartiles because of a threshold effect between the first and second aPWV quartiles. Higher aPWV was associated with both total mortality (relative risk, 1.5, 1.6, and 1.7 for aPWV quartiles 2, 3, and 4 versus 1; P=0.019) and cardiovascular mortality (relative risk, 2.1, 3.0, and 2.3 for quartiles 2, 3, and 4 versus 1; P=0.004). aPWV quartile was also significantly associated with CHD (P=0.007) and stroke (P=0.001). These associations remained after adjustment for age, gender, race, systolic blood pressure, known CV disease, and other variables related to events.
Conclusions— Among generally healthy, community-dwelling older adults, aPWV, a marker of arterial stiffness, is associated with higher CV mortality, CHD, and stroke.
Key Words: aging • elasticity • epidemiology • mortality • risk factors
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  H. P. Kuhl Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, fibrosis, and aortic stiffness an unidentified association unraveled by magnetic resonance imaging. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 14, 2009; 54(3): 263 - 264. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. E Bolton, J. R Cockcroft, R. Sabit, M. Munnery, C. M McEniery, I. B Wilkinson, S. Ebrahim, J. E Gallacher, D. J Shale, and Y. Ben-Shlomo Lung function in mid-life compared with later life is a stronger predictor of arterial stiffness in men: The Caerphilly Prospective Study Int. J. Epidemiol., June 1, 2009; 38(3): 867 - 876. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Madero, C. L. Wassel, C. A. Peralta, S. S. Najjar, K. Sutton-Tyrrell, L. Fried, R. Canada, A. Newman, M. G. Shlipak, M. J. Sarnak, et al. Cystatin C Associates with Arterial Stiffness in Older Adults J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., May 1, 2009; 20(5): 1086 - 1093. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. G. Anderson, T. A.B. Sanders, and J. K. Cruickshank Plasma Fatty Acid Composition as a Predictor of Arterial Stiffness and Mortality Hypertension, May 1, 2009; 53(5): 839 - 845. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. E. Brinkley, B. J. Nicklas, A. M. Kanaya, S. Satterfield, E. G. Lakatta, E. M. Simonsick, K. Sutton-Tyrrell, S. B. Kritchevsky, and for the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study Plasma Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Levels and Arterial Stiffness in Older Adults: The Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study Hypertension, May 1, 2009; 53(5): 846 - 852. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. V. Tarasov, S. Sanna, A. Scuteri, J. B. Strait, M. Orru, A. Parsa, P.-I Lin, A. Maschio, S. Lai, M. G. Piras, et al. COL4A1 Is Associated With Arterial Stiffness by Genome-Wide Association Scan Circ Cardiovasc Genet, April 1, 2009; 2(2): 151 - 158. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. A. Chirinos, S. S. Franklin, R. R. Townsend, and L. Raij Body Mass Index and Hypertension Hemodynamic Subtypes in the Adult US Population Arch Intern Med, March 23, 2009; 169(6): 580 - 586. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. Lieb, M. G. Larson, E. J. Benjamin, X. Yin, G. H. Tofler, J. Selhub, P. F. Jacques, T. J. Wang, J. A. Vita, D. Levy, et al. Multimarker Approach to Evaluate Correlates of Vascular Stiffness: The Framingham Heart Study Circulation, January 6, 2009; 119(1): 37 - 43. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. Antonini-Canterin, S. Carerj, V. Di Bello, G. Di Salvo, S. La Carrubba, O. Vriz, D. Pavan, A. Balbarini, G. L. Nicolosi, and On behalf of the Research Group of the Italian Soc Arterial stiffness and ventricular stiffness: a couple of diseases or a coupling disease? A review from the cardiologist's point of view Eur J Echocardiogr, January 1, 2009; 10(1): 36 - 43. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Schillaci, G. V.L. De Socio, G. Pucci, M. R. Mannarino, J. Helou, M. Pirro, and E. Mannarino Aortic Stiffness in Untreated Adult Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Hypertension, August 1, 2008; 52(2): 308 - 313. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. G. Ruitenbeek, T. J.M. van der Cammen, A. H. van den Meiracker, and F. U.S. Mattace-Raso Age and Blood Pressure Levels Modify the Functional Properties of Central but Not Peripheral Arteries Angiology, July 1, 2008; 59(3): 290 - 295. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Leone, P. Ducimetiere, J. Gariepy, D. Courbon, C. Tzourio, J.-F. Dartigues, K. Ritchie, A. Alperovitch, P. Amouyel, M. E. Safar, et al. Distension of the Carotid Artery and Risk of Coronary Events: The Three-City Study Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., July 1, 2008; 28(7): 1392 - 1397. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Schnabel, M. G. Larson, J. Dupuis, K. L. Lunetta, I. Lipinska, J. B. Meigs, X. Yin, J. Rong, J. A. Vita, C. Newton-Cheh, et al. Relations of Inflammatory Biomarkers and Common Genetic Variants With Arterial Stiffness and Wave Reflection Hypertension, June 1, 2008; 51(6): 1651 - 1657. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Delahousse, M. Chaignon, L. Mesnard, P. Boutouyrie, M. E. Safar, T. Lebret, M. Pastural-Thaunat, L. Tricot, A. Kolko-Labadens, A. Karras, et al. Aortic Stiffness of Kidney Transplant Recipients Correlates with Donor Age J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., April 1, 2008; 19(4): 798 - 805. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. F. Mitchell, V. Gudnason, L. J. Launer, T. Aspelund, and T. B. Harris Hemodynamics of Increased Pulse Pressure in Older Women in the Community-Based Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study Hypertension, April 1, 2008; 51(4): 1123 - 1128. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Casaclang-Verzosa, B. J. Gersh, and T. S.M. Tsang Structural and functional remodeling of the left atrium: clinical and therapeutic implications for atrial fibrillation. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 1, 2008; 51(1): 1 - 11. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Ou, D. S. Celermajer, O. Raisky, O. Jolivet, F. Buyens, A. Herment, D. Sidi, D. Bonnet, and E. Mousseaux Angular (Gothic) aortic arch leads to enhanced systolic wave reflection, central aortic stiffness, and increased left ventricular mass late after aortic coarctation repair: Evaluation with magnetic resonance flow mapping J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., January 1, 2008; 135(1): 62 - 68. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. S. DeLoach and R. R. Townsend Vascular Stiffness: Its Measurement and Significance for Epidemiologic and Outcome Studies Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., January 1, 2008; 3(1): 184 - 192. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. R. S. Fernandes, J. F. Polak, S. Cheng, B. D. Rosen, B. Carvalho, K. Nasir, R. McClelland, G. Hundley, G. Pearson, D. H. O'Leary, et al. Arterial Stiffness Is Associated With Regional Ventricular Systolic and Diastolic Dysfunction: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., January 1, 2008; 28(1): 194 - 201. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. R. Waldstein, S. C. Rice, J. F. Thayer, S. S. Najjar, A. Scuteri, and A. B. Zonderman Pulse Pressure and Pulse Wave Velocity Are Related to Cognitive Decline in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging Hypertension, January 1, 2008; 51(1): 99 - 104. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. M. Lemos, A. D. B. Jancikic, F. M. R. Sanches, D. M. Christofalo, S. A. Ajzen, M. H. Miname, R. D. Santos, F. C. Fachini, A. B. Carvalho, S. A. Draibe, et al. Pulse wave velocity a useful tool for cardiovascular surveillance in pre-dialysis patients Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., December 1, 2007; 22(12): 3527 - 3532. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. J. Boos, D. A. Lane, M. Karpha, D. G. Beevers, R. Haynes, and G. Y. H. Lip Circulating Endothelial Cells, Arterial Stiffness, and Cardiovascular Risk Stratification in Hypertension Chest, November 1, 2007; 132(5): 1540 - 1547. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Verbeke, W. Van Biesen, P. Peeters, L. M. Van Bortel, and R. C. Vanholder Arterial stiffness and wave reflections in renal transplant recipients Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., October 1, 2007; 22(10): 3021 - 3027. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Benjo, R. E. Thompson, D. Fine, C. W. Hogue, D. Alejo, A. Kaw, G. Gerstenblith, A. Shah, D. E. Berkowitz, and D. Nyhan Pulse Pressure Is an Age-Independent Predictor of Stroke Development After Cardiac Surgery Hypertension, October 1, 2007; 50(4): 630 - 635. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. Roman, R. B. Devereux, J. R. Kizer, E. T. Lee, J. M. Galloway, T. Ali, J. G. Umans, and B. V. Howard Central Pressure More Strongly Relates to Vascular Disease and Outcome Than Does Brachial Pressure: The Strong Heart Study Hypertension, July 1, 2007; 50(1): 197 - 203. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Sabit, C. E. Bolton, P. H. Edwards, R. J. Pettit, W. D. Evans, C. M. McEniery, I. B. Wilkinson, J. R. Cockcroft, and D. J. Shale Arterial Stiffness and Osteoporosis in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., June 15, 2007; 175(12): 1259 - 1265. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Laurent and P. Boutouyrie Recent Advances in Arterial Stiffness and Wave Reflection in Human Hypertension Hypertension, June 1, 2007; 49(6): 1202 - 1206. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. F. Mitchell, M. E. Dunlap, W. Warnica, A. Ducharme, J. M. O. Arnold, J.-C. Tardif, S. D. Solomon, M. J. Domanski, K. A. Jablonski, M. M. Rice, et al. Long-Term Trandolapril Treatment Is Associated With Reduced Aortic Stiffness: The Prevention of Events With Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition Hemodynamic Substudy Hypertension, June 1, 2007; 49(6): 1271 - 1277. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. F. Mitchell, C.-Y. Guo, E. J. Benjamin, M. G. Larson, M. J. Keyes, J. A. Vita, R. S. Vasan, and D. Levy Cross-Sectional Correlates of Increased Aortic Stiffness in the Community: The Framingham Heart Study Circulation, May 22, 2007; 115(20): 2628 - 2636. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. J. Kullo and A. R. Malik Arterial Ultrasonography and Tonometry as Adjuncts to Cardiovascular Risk Stratification J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 3, 2007; 49(13): 1413 - 1426. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Meyer, B. P. McGrath, and H. J. Teede Effects of Medical Therapy on Insulin Resistance and the Cardiovascular System in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Diabetes Care, March 1, 2007; 30(3): 471 - 478. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Cameron Ageing and central aortic pulse wave analysis. Commentary on 'Is Augmentation Index a Good Measure of Vascular Stiffness in the Elderly?' by Fantin et al. Age Ageing, January 1, 2007; 36(1): 3 - 5. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Laurent, J. Cockcroft, L. Van Bortel, P. Boutouyrie, C. Giannattasio, D. Hayoz, B. Pannier, C. Vlachopoulos, I. Wilkinson, H. Struijker-Boudier, et al. Expert consensus document on arterial stiffness: methodological issues and clinical applications Eur. Heart J., November 1, 2006; 27(21): 2588 - 2605. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C Vlachopoulos, K Aznaouridis, and C Stefanadis Clinical appraisal of arterial stiffness: the Argonauts in front of the Golden Fleece Heart, November 1, 2006; 92(11): 1544 - 1550. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Barinas-Mitchell, L. H. Kuller, K. Sutton-Tyrrell, R. Hegazi, P. Harper, J. Mancino, and D. E. Kelley Effect of Weight Loss and Nutritional Intervention on Arterial Stiffness in Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes Care, October 1, 2006; 29(10): 2218 - 2222. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. D. Stewart, B. Jiang, S. C. Millasseau, J. M. Ritter, and P. J. Chowienczyk Acute Reduction of Blood Pressure by Nitroglycerin Does Not Normalize Large Artery Stiffness in Essential Hypertension Hypertension, September 1, 2006; 48(3): 404 - 410. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M. Dart, C. D. Gatzka, B. A. Kingwell, K. Willson, J. D. Cameron, Y.-L. Liang, K. L. Berry, L. M.H. Wing, C. M. Reid, P. Ryan, et al. Brachial Blood Pressure But Not Carotid Arterial Waveforms Predict Cardiovascular Events in Elderly Female Hypertensives Hypertension, April 1, 2006; 47(4): 785 - 790. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Dolan, L. Thijs, Y. Li, N. Atkins, P. McCormack, S. McClory, E. O'Brien, J. A. Staessen, and A. V. Stanton Ambulatory Arterial Stiffness Index as a Predictor of Cardiovascular Mortality in the Dublin Outcome Study Hypertension, March 1, 2006; 47(3): 365 - 370. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. U.S. Mattace-Raso, T. J.M. van der Cammen, A. Hofman, N. M. van Popele, M. L. Bos, M. A.D.H. Schalekamp, R. Asmar, R. S. Reneman, A. P.G. Hoeks, M. M.B. Breteler, et al. Arterial Stiffness and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke: The Rotterdam Study Circulation, February 7, 2006; 113(5): 657 - 663. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Willum Hansen, J. A. Staessen, C. Torp-Pedersen, S. Rasmussen, L. Thijs, H. Ibsen, and J. Jeppesen Prognostic Value of Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity as Index of Arterial Stiffness in the General Population Circulation, February 7, 2006; 113(5): 664 - 670. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. J. Kullo, L. F. Bielak, S. T. Turner, P. F. Sheedy II, and P. A. Peyser Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity Is Associated With the Presence and Quantity of Coronary Artery Calcium: A Community-Based Study Hypertension, February 1, 2006; 47(2): 174 - 179. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. P. Schulman, L. C. Becker, D. A. Kass, H. C. Champion, M. L. Terrin, S. Forman, K. V. Ernst, M. D. Kelemen, S. N. Townsend, A. Capriotti, et al. L-Arginine Therapy in Acute Myocardial Infarction: The Vascular Interaction With Age in Myocardial Infarction (VINTAGE MI) Randomized Clinical Trial JAMA, January 4, 2006; 295(1): 58 - 64. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Schillaci, G. V.L. De Socio, M. Pirro, G. Savarese, M. R. Mannarino, F. Baldelli, G. Stagni, and E. Mannarino Impact of Treatment With Protease Inhibitors on Aortic Stiffness in Adult Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., November 1, 2005; 25(11): 2381 - 2385. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. S. Najjar, A. Scuteri, and E. G. Lakatta Arterial Aging: Is It an Immutable Cardiovascular Risk Factor? Hypertension, September 1, 2005; 46(3): 454 - 462. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|