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(Circulation. 2005;111:2943-2950.)
© 2005 American Heart Association, Inc.

Heart Failure

Delayed Onset of Subendocardial Diastolic Thinning at Rest Identifies Hypoperfused Myocardium

Jianwen Wang, MD, PhD; Theodore P. Abraham, MD; Josef Korinek, MD; Stig Urheim, MD; Eileen M. McMahon, PhD; Marek Belohlavek, MD, PhD

From the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minn.

Reprint requests to Dr Marek Belohlavek, Translational Ultrasound Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905. E-mail belohlavek.marek{at}mayo.edu

Received June 8, 2004; revision received January 25, 2005; accepted February 23, 2005.

Background— Onset of myocardial relaxation is highly energy dependent. Perfusion and therefore energy substrate delivery are predominantly reduced in the subendocardial myocardium in the early stages of progressive ischemia. We hypothesized that delayed onset of subendocardial diastolic thinning will functionally identify regionally hypoperfused resting myocardium.

Methods and Results— Progressive left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis was induced by an ameroid occluder and maintained for 1 or 2 weeks (end point) in 12 dogs. M-mode tissue Doppler images of the anterior apical and middle segments (testing region) and middle inferior segment (control region) were acquired selectively in the subendocardium and subepicardium. The time to the onset of thinning was measured with the use of tissue Doppler velocity (TOTv) and a thickness function (TOTt). At the end point in the testing region, myocardial flow was significantly lower in the subendocardial layer (P<0.05) in all animals, whereas viability staining showed preserved transmural viability in 10 dogs and thin subendocardial necrosis in 2 dogs. Both TOTv and TOTt were significantly (P<0.01) prolonged in the testing region. The mean difference between subendocardial and subepicardial TOTv values versus that in the control region identified the ischemic region, even when only dogs with hypoperfused but transmurally viable myocardium were considered (P<0.05). Systolic and diastolic myocardial velocities did not identify subendocardial hypoperfusion.

Conclusions— In resting myocardium subtended to progressive coronary stenosis, a delayed onset of subendocardial thinning suggests an early stage of hypoperfusion, before the development of local wall motion abnormalities.

Key Words: myocardial relaxation • ischemia • regional blood flow • echocardiography • diastole

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