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(Circulation. 2005;111:2596-2604.)
© 2005 American Heart Association, Inc.

Heart Failure

Ventricular Myocyte Caspases Are Directly Responsible for Endotoxin-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction

Steve Lancel, PhD; Olivier Joulin, MD; Raphael Favory, MD; Jean Francois Goossens, PhD; Jérome Kluza, PhD; Claude Chopin, MD; Pierre Formstecher, MD, PhD; Philippe Marchetti, MD, PhD^*; Remi Neviere, MD, PhD^*

From EA 2689, CHRU, and Université de Lille 2, IFR 114 IMPRT (S.L., O.J., R.F., C.C., R.N.); INSERM U459 U524, IMPRT (J.K., P.F., P.M.); Laboratoire de Chimie analytique, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Lille 2 (J.F.G.); and Département de Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lille 2 (S.L., O.J., R.F., R.N.), Lille, France.

Correspondence to Dr Remi Neviere, Département de Physiologie, Faculté de médecine, 1 place de Verdun, Lille Cedex 59045, France. E-mail rneviere{at}univ-lille2.fr

Received July 8, 2004; revision received January 14, 2005; accepted January 20, 2005.

Background— Although most of the deleterious effects of sepsis-induced apoptosis have been attributed to increased lymphocyte cell death, caspase activation may directly alter cell function of different organ systems. We postulated that left ventricular (LV) cardiomyocyte caspase activation is directly involved in sepsis-induced heart contractile dysfunction.

Methods and Results— LV cardiomyocytes isolated 4 hours after rat treatment with endotoxin injection (10 mg/kg) displayed major reductions in contractile reserve and myofilament response to Ca²⁺. Concomitantly, endotoxin also induced increases in LV cardiomyocyte caspase-3, -8, and -9-like activities, which were associated with sarcomeric structure destruction and cleavage of components of the cardiac myofilament. Interestingly, zVAD.fmk treatment of septic rat prevented LV cardiomyocyte contractile dysfunction, reductions in myofilament response to calcium, troponin T cleavage, and sarcomere destruction. Serum (10%) of endotoxin-treated rats induced contractile dysfunction, caspase-3–like activity increase, and troponin T cleavage of naive LV cardiomyocytes. The effects of septic serum were prevented in LV cardiomyocytes isolated from zVAD.fmk- or zDEVD.cmk-treated rats or LV cardiomyocytes preincubated with zVAD.fmk or zDEVD.cmk.

Conclusions— The results show an important relationship between endotoxin-induced caspase activation and reduced contractile reserve and sarcomere disarray at the level of single LV cardiomyocytes.

Key Words: apoptosis • myocardial contraction • myocytes, cardiac • inflammation • shock

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