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(Circulation. 2004;110:1258-1262.)
© 2004 American Heart Association, Inc.

Original Articles

Low Birth Weight Is Associated With Higher Adult Total Cholesterol Concentration in Men

Findings From an Occupational Cohort of 25 843 Employees

From the Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol (A.A.D., G.D.S., Y.B.-S.), and British Telecom Occupational Health Service, London (P.L.), UK.

Correspondence to G. Davey Smith, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Whiteladies Rd, Bristol BS8 2PR, UK. E-mail zetkin{at}bristol.ac.uk

Received October 22, 2003; de novo received February 22, 2004; revision received May 20, 2004; accepted May 21, 2004.

Background— The majority of studies investigating the association between birth weight and adult total cholesterol (TC) concentration have been small and underpowered: not surprisingly, the findings have been inconsistent. We aimed to determine whether birth weight predicted adult TC in a large sample population.

Methods and Results— Between 1994 and 1996, 132 000 British Telecom employees undertook voluntary occupational health screening. Birth weight and lifestyle factors were self-reported; TC concentration and body size were measured by occupational health nurses. Complete measurements were available for 18 286 men and 7557 women (age range, 17 to 64 years). We found that sex and birth weight significantly interacted to predict adult TC (birth weight/sex interaction term, P=0.002). In men, lower birth weight was associated with higher adult TC levels (a –0.07 reduction in TC for each 1-kg increase in birth weight; 95% CI, –0.09 to –0.04 mmol/L; P<0.001), whereas no association was observed in women. Adjustment for potential confounding factors, including current body size and menopausal status, did not alter the findings. Analysis by SD score showed that in men, a 1-SD decrease in body mass index lowered TC concentration 5-fold more than a 1-SD increase in birth weight.

Conclusions— This is the largest study to investigate the association between birth weight and TC and suggests that the association may be dependent on sex. The absence of an association in women was not explained by menopausal status. The influence of fetal environment on adult TC is small compared with the influence of adult adiposity.

Key Words: cholesterol • epidemiology • sex • birth weight

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