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(Circulation. 2004;109:898-903.)
© 2004 American Heart Association, Inc.

Basic Science Reports

Increased Myocardial Dysfunction After Ischemia-Reperfusion in Mice Lacking Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Mohit Jain, MD, PhD; Lei Cui, MD; Daniel A. Brenner, MA; Bo Wang, MD; Diane E. Handy, PhD; Jane A. Leopold, MD; Joseph Loscalzo, MD, PhD; Carl S. Apstein, MD; Ronglih Liao, PhD

From the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute and Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass.

Correspondence to Dr Ronglih Liao, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, 650 Albany St, X-726, Boston, MA 02118. E-mail rliao{at}bu.edu

Received July 1, 2003; de novo received September 13, 2003; revision received October 8, 2003; accepted October 13, 2003.

Background— Free radical injury contributes to cardiac dysfunction during ischemia-reperfusion. Detoxification of free radicals requires maintenance of reduced glutathione (GSH) by NADPH. The principal mechanism responsible for generating NADPH and maintaining GSH during periods of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion remains unknown. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the rate-limiting enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway, generates NADPH in a reaction linked to the de novo production of ribose. We therefore hypothesized that G6PD is essential for maintaining GSH levels and protecting the heart during ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Methods and Results— Susceptibility to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury was determined in Langendorff-perfused hearts isolated from wild-type mice (WT) and mice lacking G6PD (G6PD^def) (20% of WT myocardial G6PD activity). During global zero-flow ischemia, cardiac function was similar between WT and G6PD^def hearts. On reperfusion, however, cardiac relaxation and contractile performance were greatly impaired in G6PD^def myocardium, as demonstrated by elevated end-diastolic pressures and decreased percent recovery of developed pressure relative to WT hearts. Contractile dysfunction in G6PD^def hearts was associated with depletion of total glutathione stores and impaired generation of GSH from its oxidized form. Increased ischemia-reperfusion injury in G6PD^def hearts was reversed by treatment with the antioxidant MnTMPyP but unaffected by supplementation of ribose stores.

Conclusions— These results demonstrate that G6PD is an essential myocardial antioxidant enzyme, required for maintaining cellular glutathione levels and protecting against oxidative stress-induced cardiac dysfunction during ischemia-reperfusion.

Key Words: ischemia • reperfusion • glucose • free radicals • antioxidants

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