Circulation. 2004;109:2655-2671
doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000128587.30041.C8
doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000128587.30041.C8
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(Circulation. 2004;109:2655-2671.)
© 2004 American Heart Association, Inc.
AHA Scientific Statement |
Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease
A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the Expert Panel on Population and Prevention Science of the American Heart Association
Air pollution is a heterogeneous, complex mixture of gases, liquids, and particulate matter. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a consistent increased risk for cardiovascular events in relation to both short- and long-term exposure to present-day concentrations of ambient particulate matter. Several plausible mechanistic pathways have been described, including enhanced coagulation/thrombosis, a propensity for arrhythmias, acute arterial vasoconstriction, systemic inflammatory responses, and the chronic promotion of atherosclerosis. The purpose of this statement is to provide healthcare professionals and regulatory agencies with a comprehensive review of the literature on air pollution and cardiovascular disease. In addition, the implications of these findings in relation to public health and regulatory policies are addressed. Practical recommendations for healthcare providers and their patients are outlined. In the final section, suggestions for future research are made to address a number of remaining scientific questions.
Key Words: AHA Scientific Statements • air pollution • cardiovascular diseases • respiration
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S. Soberanes, V. Panduri, G. M. Mutlu, A. Ghio, G. R. S. Bundinger, and D. W. Kamp p53 Mediates Particulate Matter-induced Alveolar Epithelial Cell Mitochondria-regulated Apoptosis Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., December 1, 2006; 174(11): 1229 - 1238. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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B. Hoffmann, S. Moebus, A. Stang, E.-M. Beck, N. Dragano, S. Mohlenkamp, A. Schmermund, M. Memmesheimer, K. Mann, R. Erbel, et al. Residence close to high traffic and prevalence of coronary heart disease Eur. Heart J., November 2, 2006; 27(22): 2696 - 2702. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. M. Samet Smoking Bans Prevent Heart Attacks Circulation, October 3, 2006; 114(14): 1450 - 1451. [Full Text] [PDF]
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F. Barone-Adesi, L. Vizzini, F. Merletti, and L. Richiardi Short-term effects of Italian smoking regulation on rates of hospital admission for acute myocardial infarction Eur. Heart J., October 2, 2006; 27(20): 2468 - 2472. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Maitre, V. Bonneterre, L. Huillard, P. Sabatier, and R. de Gaudemaris Impact of urban atmospheric pollution on coronary disease Eur. Heart J., October 1, 2006; 27(19): 2275 - 2284. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Peters Commentary: Inflamed about ultrafine particles? Int. J. Epidemiol., October 1, 2006; 35(5): 1355 - 1356. [Full Text] [PDF]
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N Kunzli and F Forastiere Air pollution and arrhythmia: the case is not over. Occup. Environ. Med., September 1, 2006; 63(9): 577 - 578. [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. M. Symons, L. Wang, E. Guallar, E. Howell, F. Dominici, M. Schwab, B. A. Ange, J. Samet, J. Ondov, D. Harrison, et al. A Case-Crossover Study of Fine Particulate Matter Air Pollution and Onset of Congestive Heart Failure Symptom Exacerbation Leading to Hospitalization Am. J. Epidemiol., September 1, 2006; 164(5): 421 - 433. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. Cozzi, S. Hazarika, H. W. Stallings III, W. E. Cascio, R. B. Devlin, R. M. Lust, C. J. Wingard, and M. R. Van Scott Ultrafine particulate matter exposure augments ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, August 1, 2006; 291(2): H894 - H903. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. Yamawaki and N. Iwai Cytotoxicity of water-soluble fullerene in vascular endothelial cells Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, June 1, 2006; 290(6): C1495 - C1502. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C.-C. Chan, K.-J. Chuang, L.-C. Chien, W.-J. Chen, and W.-T. Chang Urban air pollution and emergency admissions for cerebrovascular diseases in Taipei, Taiwan Eur. Heart J., May 2, 2006; 27(10): 1238 - 1244. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Nawrot, A. Nemmar, and B. Nemery Update in environmental and occupational medicine 2005. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., May 1, 2006; 173(9): 948 - 952. [Full Text] [PDF]
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F Ballester, P Rodriguez, C Iniguez, M Saez, A Daponte, I Galan, M Taracido, F Arribas, J Bellido, F B Cirarda, et al. Air pollution and cardiovascular admissions association in Spain: results within the EMECAS project. J Epidemiol Community Health, April 1, 2006; 60(4): 328 - 336. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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