Circulation. 2004;109:2655-2671
doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000128587.30041.C8
doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000128587.30041.C8
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(Circulation. 2004;109:2655-2671.)
© 2004 American Heart Association, Inc.
AHA Scientific Statement |
Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease
A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the Expert Panel on Population and Prevention Science of the American Heart Association
Air pollution is a heterogeneous, complex mixture of gases, liquids, and particulate matter. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a consistent increased risk for cardiovascular events in relation to both short- and long-term exposure to present-day concentrations of ambient particulate matter. Several plausible mechanistic pathways have been described, including enhanced coagulation/thrombosis, a propensity for arrhythmias, acute arterial vasoconstriction, systemic inflammatory responses, and the chronic promotion of atherosclerosis. The purpose of this statement is to provide healthcare professionals and regulatory agencies with a comprehensive review of the literature on air pollution and cardiovascular disease. In addition, the implications of these findings in relation to public health and regulatory policies are addressed. Practical recommendations for healthcare providers and their patients are outlined. In the final section, suggestions for future research are made to address a number of remaining scientific questions.
Key Words: AHA Scientific Statements • air pollution • cardiovascular diseases • respiration
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H. Yamawaki and N. Iwai Cytotoxicity of water-soluble fullerene in vascular endothelial cells Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, June 1, 2006; 290(6): C1495 - C1502. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C.-C. Chan, K.-J. Chuang, L.-C. Chien, W.-J. Chen, and W.-T. Chang Urban air pollution and emergency admissions for cerebrovascular diseases in Taipei, Taiwan Eur. Heart J., May 2, 2006; 27(10): 1238 - 1244. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Nawrot, A. Nemmar, and B. Nemery Update in environmental and occupational medicine 2005. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., May 1, 2006; 173(9): 948 - 952. [Full Text] [PDF]
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F Ballester, P Rodriguez, C Iniguez, M Saez, A Daponte, I Galan, M Taracido, F Arribas, J Bellido, F B Cirarda, et al. Air pollution and cardiovascular admissions association in Spain: results within the EMECAS project. J Epidemiol Community Health, April 1, 2006; 60(4): 328 - 336. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. D. Proctor, K. L. Dreher, S. E. Kelly, and J. C. Russell Hypersensitivity of Prediabetic JCR:LA-cp Rats to Fine Airborne Combustion Particle-Induced Direct and Noradrenergic-Mediated Vascular Contraction Toxicol. Sci., April 1, 2006; 90(2): 385 - 391. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. B. Low, L. Bielory, A. I. Qureshi, V. Dunn, D. F.E. Stuhlmiller, and D. A. Dickey The Relation of Stroke Admissions to Recent Weather, Airborne Allergens, Air Pollution, Seasons, Upper Respiratory Infections, and Asthma Incidence, September 11, 2001, and Day of the Week Stroke, April 1, 2006; 37(4): 951 - 957. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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F. Dominici, R. D. Peng, M. L. Bell, L. Pham, A. McDermott, S. L. Zeger, and J. M. Samet Fine Particulate Air Pollution and Hospital Admission for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Diseases JAMA, March 8, 2006; 295(10): 1127 - 1134. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Y. Murakami and M. Ono Myocardial infarction deaths after high level exposure to particulate matter. J Epidemiol Community Health, March 1, 2006; 60(3): 262 - 266. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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W. N. Rom and J. M. Samet Small Particles with Big Effects Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., February 15, 2006; 173(4): 365 - 366. [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. Ruckerl, A. Ibald-Mulli, W. Koenig, A. Schneider, G. Woelke, J. Cyrys, J. Heinrich, V. Marder, M. Frampton, H. E. Wichmann, et al. Air Pollution and Markers of Inflammation and Coagulation in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., February 15, 2006; 173(4): 432 - 441. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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N. L. Mills, N. Amin, S. D. Robinson, A. Anand, J. Davies, D. Patel, J. M. de la Fuente, F. R. Cassee, N. A. Boon, W. MacNee, et al. Do Inhaled Carbon Nanoparticles Translocate Directly into the Circulation in Humans? Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., February 15, 2006; 173(4): 426 - 431. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Q. Sun, A. Wang, X. Jin, A. Natanzon, D. Duquaine, R. D. Brook, J.-G. S. Aguinaldo, Z. A. Fayad, V. Fuster, M. Lippmann, et al. Long-term Air Pollution Exposure and Acceleration of Atherosclerosis and Vascular Inflammation in an Animal Model JAMA, December 21, 2005; 294(23): 3003 - 3010. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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N. L. Mills, H. Tornqvist, S. D. Robinson, M. Gonzalez, K. Darnley, W. MacNee, N. A. Boon, K. Donaldson, A. Blomberg, T. Sandstrom, et al. Diesel Exhaust Inhalation Causes Vascular Dysfunction and Impaired Endogenous Fibrinolysis Circulation, December 20, 2005; 112(25): 3930 - 3936. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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B. Nemery and E. Abraham Environmental Health and the AJRCCM Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., December 15, 2005; 172(12): 1484 - 1485. [Full Text] [PDF]
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F. Forastiere, M. Stafoggia, S. Picciotto, T. Bellander, D. D'Ippoliti, T. Lanki, S. von Klot, F. Nyberg, P. Paatero, A. Peters, et al. A Case-Crossover Analysis of Out-of-Hospital Coronary Deaths and Air Pollution in Rome, Italy Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., December 15, 2005; 172(12): 1549 - 1555. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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