Published online before print June 24, 2002, doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000025425.20606.69
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Circulation. 2002;106:403.)
© 2002 American Heart Association, Inc.
Brief Rapid Communications |
Cardiorespiratory Fitness and C-Reactive Protein Among a Tri-Ethnic Sample of Women
From the Cardiology Division (M.J.L., F.G.Y., T.L.), LDS Hospital, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah; Norman J. Arnold School of Public Health (J.L.D., K.D.D., B.E.A.), University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; and the Department of Exercise Science (P.D.), University of North Carolina at Greensboro, NC.
Correspondence to Michael J. LaMonte, PhD, MPH, LDS Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT 84143. E-mail ldmlamon{at}ihc.com
Background— Elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) is associated with increased coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. Cardiorespiratory fitness ("fitness") is related with lower CHD risk; however, its relationship with CRP is relatively unknown.
Methods and Results— Cross-sectional associations between fitness and plasma CRP were examined among 135 African American (AA), Native American (NA), and Caucasian (CA) women (55±11 year; 28±6 kg/m2). Fitness was assessed with a maximal treadmill exercise test. Plasma CRP concentrations were determined with the Dade Behring high-sensitivity immunoassay. Geometric mean CRP levels were 0.43, 0.25, and 0.23 mg/dL, and average maximal MET levels of fitness were 7.2, 9.1, and 10 METs for AA, NA, and CA, respectively. CRP decreased across tertiles of fitness (P=0.002), increased across tertiles of BMI (P=0.0007), and varied by race (P=0.002). After adjustment for covariates, lower CRP (P<0.05) was observed across tertiles of fitness among NA and CA, but not AA. Among all women, after adjusting for race and covariates, the odds of high-risk CRP (>0.19 mg/dL) were 0.67 (95% CI=0.19 to 2.4) among fit (>6.5 METs) versus unfit women.
Conclusions— The health benefits from enhanced fitness may have an antiinflammatory mechanism.
Key Words: exercise • C-reactive protein • coronary disease • women • inflammation
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  J. R. Ruiz, F. B. Ortega, J. Warnberg, L. A. Moreno, J. J. Carrero, M. Gonzalez-Gross, A. Marcos, A. Gutierrez, and M. Sjostrom Inflammatory Proteins and Muscle Strength in Adolescents: The AVENA Study Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, May 1, 2008; 162(5): 462 - 468. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. W. Reeves, G. L. Gierach, and F. Modugno Recreational Physical Activity and Mammographic Breast Density Characteristics Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., May 1, 2007; 16(5): 934 - 942. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. G. Flynn, B. K. McFarlin, and M. M. Markofski State of the Art Reviews: The Anti-Inflammatory Actions of Exercise Training American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, May 1, 2007; 1(3): 220 - 235. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. J. Kullo, M. Khaleghi, and D. D. Hensrud Markers of inflammation are inversely associated with VO2 max in asymptomatic men J Appl Physiol, April 1, 2007; 102(4): 1374 - 1379. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Z. T. Bloomgarden Third Annual World Congress on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome: Atherothrombotic disease Diabetes Care, August 1, 2006; 29(8): 1973 - 1980. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. S Kornman Interleukin 1 genetics, inflammatory mechanisms, and nutrigenetic opportunities to modulate diseases of aging Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, February 1, 2006; 83(2): 475S - 483S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. S. Bassuk and J. E. Manson Epidemiological evidence for the role of physical activity in reducing risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease J Appl Physiol, September 1, 2005; 99(3): 1193 - 1204. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. LaMonte, S. N. Blair, and T. S. Church Physical activity and diabetes prevention J Appl Physiol, September 1, 2005; 99(3): 1205 - 1213. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Elosua, B. Bartali, J. M. Ordovas, A. M. Corsi, F. Lauretani, L. Ferrucci, and on Behalf of the InCHIANTI Investigators Association Between Physical Activity, Physical Performance, and Inflammatory Biomarkers in an Elderly Population: The InCHIANTI Study J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., June 1, 2005; 60(6): 760 - 767. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Kasapis and P. D. Thompson The Effects of Physical Activity on Serum C-Reactive Protein and Inflammatory Markers: A Systematic Review J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 17, 2005; 45(10): 1563 - 1569. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. T. Katzmarzyk, T. S. Church, I. Janssen, R. Ross, and S. N. Blair Metabolic Syndrome, Obesity, and Mortality: Impact of cardiorespiratory fitness Diabetes Care, February 1, 2005; 28(2): 391 - 397. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. S. Leon, B. A. Franklin, F. Costa, G. J. Balady, K. A. Berra, K. J. Stewart, P. D. Thompson, M. A. Williams, and M. S. Lauer Cardiac Rehabilitation and Secondary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease: An American Heart Association Scientific Statement From the Council on Clinical Cardiology (Subcommittee on Exercise, Cardiac Rehabilitation, and Prevention) and the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism (Subcommittee on Physical Activity), in Collaboration With the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation Circulation, January 25, 2005; 111(3): 369 - 376. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. J.K. Hammett, H. C. Oxenham, J. C. Baldi, R. N. Doughty, R. Ameratunga, J. K. French, H. D. White, and R. A.H. Stewart Effect of six months' exercise training on C-reactive protein levels in healthy elderly subjects J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., December 21, 2004; 44(12): 2411 - 2413. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. O. Obisesan, C. Leeuwenburgh, T. Phillips, R. E. Ferrell, D. A. Phares, S. J. Prior, and J. M. Hagberg C-Reactive Protein Genotypes Affect Baseline, but not Exercise Training-Induced Changes, in C-Reactive Protein Levels Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., October 1, 2004; 24(10): 1874 - 1879. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. S. Anand, F. Razak, Q. Yi, B. Davis, R. Jacobs, V. Vuksan, E. Lonn, K. Teo, M. McQueen, and S. Yusuf C-Reactive Protein as a Screening Test for Cardiovascular Risk in a Multiethnic Population Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., August 1, 2004; 24(8): 1509 - 1515. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. S. Ford, W. H. Giles, A. H. Mokdad, and G. L. Myers Distribution and Correlates of C-Reactive Protein Concentrations among Adult US Women Clin. Chem., March 1, 2004; 50(3): 574 - 581. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. McGavock, S. Mandic, I. Vonder Muhll, R. Z. Lewanczuk, H. A. Quinney, D. A. Taylor, R. C. Welsh, and M. Haykowsky Low Cardiorespiratory Fitness Is Associated With Elevated C-Reactive Protein Levels in Women With Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes Care, February 1, 2004; 27(2): 320 - 325. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Davison and S. R. Davis New Markers for Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Women: Impact of Endogenous Estrogen Status and Exogenous Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2003; 88(6): 2470 - 2478. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. M. Lloyd-Jones, D. Levy, M. Brezis, M. K. Evans, A. B. Zonderman, W. R. Johnson, P. M. Ridker, J. E. Buring, and N. R. Cook C-Reactive Protein in the Prediction of Cardiovascular Events N. Engl. J. Med., March 13, 2003; 348(11): 1059 - 1061. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|