Published online before print September 30, 2002, doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000034511.06350.DF
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(Circulation. 2002;106:2091.)
© 2002 American Heart Association, Inc.
Clinical Investigation and Reports |
Atrial Amyloidosis
An Arrhythmogenic Substrate for Persistent Atrial Fibrillation
From the Department of Pathology (C.R., G.J., A.R.), Institute of Biometrics (B.P.), Division of Cardiology (H.U.K., A.G.), and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (C.H.), Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, and Department of Pathology (W.S.), Marienkrankenhaus, Hamburg, Germany.
Correspondence to Christoph Röcken, MD, Department of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Leipziger Str. 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany. E-mail christoph.roecken{at}medizin.uni-magdeburg.de
Background— Structural changes, like atrial fibrosis, may increase the likelihood of atrial fibrillation (AF) occurring in response to triggering events. The influence of isolated atrial amyloidosis (IAA) is largely unknown.
Methods and Results— Right atrial appendages (1 or 2 entire cross sections) were obtained from 245 patients undergoing open-heart surgery. Atrial amyloid was identified by Congo red staining and classified by immunohistochemistry. Amyloid was found in 40 (16.3%) of 245 patients, and all deposits were immunoreactive for atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). Thirty-eight (15.5%) patients suffered from persistent AF. The presence of amyloid correlated with age and P-wave duration and was related to sex, valve diseases, and the presence of AF (P<0.01). The association between atrial amyloid, AF, and P-wave duration was independent of age and sex. According to multiple logistic regression analysis, amyloid was the only age- and sex-independent predictor for the presence of AF. Atrial fibrosis was not a predictor for AF, and the amount of amyloid correlated inversely with the degree of interstitial fibrosis (P=0.001; r=-0.55).
Conclusions— Our study provides evidence that IAA affects atrial conduction and increases the risk of AF. The occurrence of IAA depends on age leading to the formation of an amyloid nidus. The progression and consequences of IAA are then influenced by pathological conditions, such as valve diseases, that increase synthesis and secretion of ANP. The inverse correlation between IAA and atrial fibrosis suggests that these patients may not benefit from treatment with ACE inhibitors to reduce the amount of atrial fibrosis.
Key Words: amyloid • atrial natriuretic factor • atrium • fibrillation
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