Circulation. 2002;105:438-445
doi: 10.1161/hc0402.102623
doi: 10.1161/hc0402.102623
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(Circulation. 2002;105:438.)
© 2002 American Heart Association, Inc.
Clinical Investigation and Reports |
Tissue Doppler Echocardiographic Evidence of Reverse Remodeling and Improved Synchronicity by Simultaneously Delaying Regional Contraction After Biventricular Pacing Therapy in Heart Failure
From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital (C.-M.Y., M.-O.T., H.L., S.-L.K., Y.-M.L., C.-P.L.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Grantham Hospital (E.C., K.F.), The University of Hong Kong; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital (J.E.S., W.-H.F.), The Chinese University of Hong Kong; and Medtronic Inc (M.R.S.H.), Minneapolis, Minn.
Correspondence to Dr Cheuk-Man Yu, Director of Non-Invasive Cardiac Services, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong. E-mail cmyua{at}hkucc.hku.hk
Background— Biventricular pacing has been proposed to improve symptoms and exercise capacity in patients with advanced heart failure and wide electrocardiographic wave complexes. This study investigated the effect of biventricular pacing on reverse remodeling and the underlying mechanisms.
Methods and Results— Twenty-five patients with NYHA class III to IV heart failure and electrocardiographic wave complex duration >140 ms receiving biventricular pacing therapy were assessed serially up to 3 months after pacing and when pacing was withheld for 4 weeks. Tissue Doppler echocardiography was performed using a 6-basal, 6-mid segmental model to assess the time to peak sustained systolic contraction (TS). There was significant improvement of ejection fraction, dP/dt, and myocardial performance index; decrease in mitral regurgitation, left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic (205±68 versus 168±67 mL, P<0.01) and end-systolic volume (162±54 versus 122±42 mL, P<0.01); and improved 6-minute hall-walk distance and quality of life score after pacing for 3 months. The mechanisms of benefits were as follows: (1) improved LV synchrony, as evident by homogeneous delay of TS to a timing close to the latest (usually the lateral) segment abolishing the intersegmental difference in TS and decreasing the standard deviation of TS within the left ventricle (37.7±10.9 versus 29.3±8.3 ms, P<0.05); (2) improved interventricular synchrony; and (3) shortened isovolumic contraction time (122±57 versus 82±36 ms, P<0.05) but increased diastolic filling time. These benefits are pacing dependent, because withholding the pacing resulted in varying speeds in the loss of cardiac improvements.
Conclusions— Biventricular pacing reverses LV remodeling and improves cardiac function. Improvement of LV mechanical synchrony seems to be the predominant mechanism.
Key Words: pacing • heart failure • echocardiography • pacemakers
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