Circulation. 2002;105:411-414
doi: 10.1161/hc0402.104118
doi: 10.1161/hc0402.104118
(Circulation. 2002;105:411.)
© 2002 American Heart Association, Inc.
Brief Rapid Communications |
Passage of Inhaled Particles Into the Blood Circulation in Humans
From the Laboratory of Pneumology (Lung Toxicology) (A.N., P.H.M.H., M.T., B.N.), Nuclear Medicine (B.V., H.V., L.M.), and Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology (M.F.H.), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and the MRC Toxicology Unit (D.D.), Leicester, UK.
Correspondence to Prof B. Nemery, K.U.Leuven, Laboratorium voor Pneumologie (Longtoxicologie), Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. E-mail ben.nemery{at}med.kuleuven.ac.be
Background— Pollution by particulates has been consistently associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, the mechanisms responsible for these effects are not well-elucidated.
Methods and Results— To assess to what extent and how rapidly inhaled pollutant particles pass into the systemic circulation, we measured, in 5 healthy volunteers, the distribution of radioactivity after the inhalation of "Technegas," an aerosol consisting mainly of ultrafine 99mTechnetium-labeled carbon particles (<100 nm). Radioactivity was detected in blood already at 1 minute, reached a maximum between 10 and 20 minutes, and remained at this level up to 60 minutes. Thin layer chromatography of blood showed that in addition to a species corresponding to oxidized 99mTc, ie, pertechnetate, there was also a species corresponding to particle-bound 99mTc. Gamma camera images showed substantial radioactivity over the liver and other areas of the body.
Conclusions— We conclude that inhaled 99mTc-labeled ultrafine carbon particles pass rapidly into the systemic circulation, and this process could account for the well-established, but poorly understood, extrapulmonary effects of air pollution.
Key Words: air pollution • particles • translocation • blood • lung
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