Circulation. 2002;105:213-217
doi: 10.1161/hc0202.101970
doi: 10.1161/hc0202.101970
(Circulation. 2002;105:213.)
© 2002 American Heart Association, Inc.
Basic Science Reports |
Nitric Oxide Regulates Local Arterial Distensibility In Vivo
From the Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK (I.B.W., C.M.M.); the Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK (D.J.W.); the Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (A.Q., A.P.A.); and the Department of Cardiology, Wales Heart Research Institute, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK (J.R.C.).
Correspondence to Dr I.B. Wilkinson, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK. E-mail ibw20{at}cam.ac.uk
Background— Arterial stiffness is an important determinant of cardiovascular risk. Several lines of evidence support a role for the endothelium in regulating arterial stiffness by release of vasoactive mediators. We hypothesized that nitric oxide (NO) acting locally regulates arterial stiffness in vivo, and the aim of this experiment was to test this hypothesis in an ovine hind-limb preparation.
Methods and Results— All studies were conducted in anesthetized sheep. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) was calculated by the foot-to-foot methodology from 2 pressure waveforms recorded simultaneously with a high-fidelity dual pressure-sensing catheter placed in the common iliac artery. Intra-arterial infusion of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) increased iliac PWV significantly, by 3±2% (P<0.01). Infusion of acetylcholine and glyceryl trinitrate reduced PWV significantly, by 6±4% (P=0.03) and 5±2% (P<0.01), respectively. Only the effect of acetylcholine, however, was significantly inhibited during coinfusion of L-NMMA (P=0.03). There was no change in systemic arterial pressure throughout the studies. Importantly, infusion of L-NMMA or acetylcholine distal to the common iliac artery (via the sheath) did not affect PWV.
Conclusions— These results demonstrate, for the first time, that basal NO production influences large-artery distensibility. In addition, exogenous acetylcholine and glyceryl trinitrate both increase arterial distensibility, the former mainly through NO production. This may help explain why conditions that exhibit endothelial dysfunction are also associated with increased arterial stiffness. Therefore, reversal of endothelial dysfunction or drugs that are large-artery vasorelaxants may be effective in reducing large-artery stiffness in humans, and thus cardiovascular risk.
Key Words: blood pressure • nitric oxide • arteries • elasticity
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  M. Yoshizawa, S. Maeda, A. Miyaki, M. Misono, Y. Choi, N. Shimojo, R. Ajisaka, and H. Tanaka Additive beneficial effects of lactotripeptides and aerobic exercise on arterial compliance in postmenopausal women Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, November 1, 2009; 297(5): H1899 - H1903. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Miyaki, S. Maeda, M. Yoshizawa, M. Misono, Y. Saito, H. Sasai, T. Endo, Y. Nakata, K. Tanaka, and R. Ajisaka Effect of Weight Reduction With Dietary Intervention on Arterial Distensibility and Endothelial Function in Obese Men Angiology, June 1, 2009; 60(3): 351 - 357. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A Cypiene, M Kovaite, A Venalis, J Dadoniene, R Rugiene, Z Petrulioniene, L Ryliskyte, and A Laucevicius Arterial wall dysfunction in systemic lupus erythematosus Lupus, May 1, 2009; 18(6): 522 - 529. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. PELED, D. SHITRIT, B. D. FOX, D. SHLOMI, A. AMITAL, D. BENDAYAN, and M. R. KRAMER Peripheral Arterial Stiffness and Endothelial Dysfunction in Idiopathic and Scleroderma Associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension J Rheumatol, May 1, 2009; 36(5): 970 - 975. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. A. Salzer, P. J. Medeiros, R. Craen, and J. K. Shoemaker Neurogenic-nitric oxide interactions affecting brachial artery mechanics in humans: roles of vessel distensibility vs. diameter Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, October 1, 2008; 295(4): R1181 - R1187. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Dhaun, J. Goddard, D. E. Kohan, D. M. Pollock, E. L. Schiffrin, and D. J. Webb Role of Endothelin-1 in Clinical Hypertension: 20 Years On Hypertension, September 1, 2008; 52(3): 452 - 459. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. L. Gray and U. A. Ndefo Nebivolol: A new antihypertensive agent Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm., June 15, 2008; 65(12): 1125 - 1133. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. R. Malik, V. Kondragunta, and I. J. Kullo Forearm Vascular Reactivity and Arterial Stiffness in Asymptomatic Adults From the Community Hypertension, June 1, 2008; 51(6): 1512 - 1518. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. Ikonomidis, J. P. Lekakis, M. Nikolaou, I. Paraskevaidis, I. Andreadou, T. Kaplanoglou, P. Katsimbri, G. Skarantavos, P. N. Soucacos, and D. T. Kremastinos Inhibition of Interleukin-1 by Anakinra Improves Vascular and Left Ventricular Function in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Circulation, May 20, 2008; 117(20): 2662 - 2669. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. W.Y. Chung, H. H. C. Yang, M. W. Radomski, and C. van Breemen Long-Term Doxycycline Is More Effective Than Atenolol to Prevent Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm in Marfan Syndrome Through the Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and -9 Circ. Res., April 25, 2008; 102(8): e73 - e85. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. L. Macedo, D. Luminoso, M. D. Savvidou, C. M. McEniery, and K. H. Nicolaides Maternal Wave Reflections and Arterial Stiffness in Normal Pregnancy as Assessed by Applanation Tonometry Hypertension, April 1, 2008; 51(4): 1047 - 1051. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C Belizna, A Lartigue, J Favre, D Gilbert, F Tron, H Levesque, C Thuillez, and V Richard Antiphospholipid antibodies induce vascular functional changes in mice: a mechanism of vascular lesions in antiphospholipid syndrome? Lupus, March 1, 2008; 17(3): 185 - 194. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. J. Penny, J. P. Mynard, and J. J. Smolich Aortic wave intensity analysis of ventricular-vascular interaction during incremental dobutamine infusion in adult sheep Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, January 1, 2008; 294(1): H481 - H489. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. J. Sommerfield, I. B. Wilkinson, D. J. Webb, and B. M. Frier Vessel wall stiffness in type 1 diabetes and the central hemodynamic effects of acute hypoglycemia Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, November 1, 2007; 293(5): E1274 - E1279. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. Mzayek, S. Hassig, R. Sherwin, J. Hughes, W. Chen, S. Srinivasan, and G. Berenson The Association of Birth Weight with Developmental Trends in Blood Pressure from Childhood through Mid-Adulthood: The Bogalusa Heart Study Am. J. Epidemiol., August 15, 2007; 166(4): 413 - 420. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. M.L. Wallace, Yasmin, C. M. McEniery, K. M. Maki-Petaja, A. D. Booth, J. R. Cockcroft, and I. B. Wilkinson Isolated Systolic Hypertension Is Characterized by Increased Aortic Stiffness and Endothelial Dysfunction Hypertension, July 1, 2007; 50(1): 228 - 233. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. F. Mitchell, C.-Y. Guo, S. Kathiresan, R. S. Vasan, M. G. Larson, J. A. Vita, M. J. Keyes, M. Vyas, C. Newton-Cheh, S. L. Musone, et al. Vascular Stiffness and Genetic Variation at the Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Locus: The Framingham Heart Study Hypertension, June 1, 2007; 49(6): 1285 - 1290. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Tsioufis, K. Dimitriadis, M. Selima, C. Thomopoulos, C. Mihas, I. Skiadas, D. Tousoulis, C. Stefanadis, and I. Kallikazaros Low-grade inflammation and hypoadiponectinaemia have an additive detrimental effect on aortic stiffness in essential hypertensive patients Eur. Heart J., May 1, 2007; 28(9): 1162 - 1169. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Pirro, G. Schillaci, R. Paltriccia, F. Bagaglia, C. Menecali, M. R. Mannarino, M. Capanni, A. Velardi, and E. Mannarino Increased Ratio of CD31+/CD42- Microparticles to Endothelial Progenitors as a Novel Marker of Atherosclerosis in Hypercholesterolemia Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, November 1, 2006; 26(11): 2530 - 2535. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. M. McEniery, S. Wallace, I. S. Mackenzie, B. McDonnell, Yasmin, D. E. Newby, J. R. Cockcroft, and I. B. Wilkinson Endothelial Function Is Associated With Pulse Pressure, Pulse Wave Velocity, and Augmentation Index in Healthy Humans Hypertension, October 1, 2006; 48(4): 602 - 608. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. M. Maki-Petaja, F. C. Hall, A. D. Booth, S. M.L. Wallace, Yasmin, P. W.P. Bearcroft, S. Harish, A. Furlong, C. M. McEniery, J. Brown, et al. Rheumatoid Arthritis Is Associated With Increased Aortic Pulse-Wave Velocity, Which Is Reduced by Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha} Therapy Circulation, September 12, 2006; 114(11): 1185 - 1192. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Feletou and P. M. Vanhoutte Endothelial dysfunction: a multifaceted disorder (The Wiggers Award Lecture) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, September 1, 2006; 291(3): H985 - H1002. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. D. Stewart, B. Jiang, S. C. Millasseau, J. M. Ritter, and P. J. Chowienczyk Acute Reduction of Blood Pressure by Nitroglycerin Does Not Normalize Large Artery Stiffness in Essential Hypertension Hypertension, September 1, 2006; 48(3): 404 - 410. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. T. Kielstein, F. Donnerstag, S. Gasper, J. Menne, A. Kielstein, J. Martens-Lobenhoffer, F. Scalera, J. P. Cooke, D. Fliser, and S. M. Bode-Boger ADMA Increases Arterial Stiffness and Decreases Cerebral Blood Flow in Humans Stroke, August 1, 2006; 37(8): 2024 - 2029. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Veverka, D. S Nuzum, and J. L Jolly Nebivolol: A Third-Generation {beta}-Adrenergic Blocker Ann. Pharmacother., July 1, 2006; 40(7): 1353 - 1360. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Dhaun, J. Goddard, and DavidJ. Webb The Endothelin System and Its Antagonism in Chronic Kidney Disease J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., April 1, 2006; 17(4): 943 - 955. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. M. Fitch, J. C. Rutledge, Y.-X. Wang, A. F. Powers, J.-L. Tseng, T. Clary, and G. M. Rubanyi Synergistic effect of angiotensin II and nitric oxide synthase inhibitor in increasing aortic stiffness in mice Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, March 1, 2006; 290(3): H1190 - H1198. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. C. H. Leung, I. T. Meredith, and J. D. Cameron Aortic stiffness affects the coronary blood flow response to percutaneous coronary intervention Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, February 1, 2006; 290(2): H624 - H630. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. P. Schulman, L. C. Becker, D. A. Kass, H. C. Champion, M. L. Terrin, S. Forman, K. V. Ernst, M. D. Kelemen, S. N. Townsend, A. Capriotti, et al. L-Arginine Therapy in Acute Myocardial Infarction: The Vascular Interaction With Age in Myocardial Infarction (VINTAGE MI) Randomized Clinical Trial JAMA, January 4, 2006; 295(1): 58 - 64. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
O. Hanon, S. Haulon, H. Lenoir, M.-L. Seux, A.-S. Rigaud, M. Safar, X. Girerd, and F. Forette Relationship Between Arterial Stiffness and Cognitive Function in Elderly Subjects With Complaints of Memory Loss Stroke, October 1, 2005; 36(10): 2193 - 2197. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Fukuta, D. C. Sane, S. Brucks, and W. C. Little Statin Therapy May Be Associated With Lower Mortality in Patients With Diastolic Heart Failure: A Preliminary Report Circulation, July 19, 2005; 112(3): 357 - 363. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. N. Cohn, D. A. Duprez, and G. A. Grandits Arterial Elasticity as Part of a Comprehensive Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk and Drug Treatment Hypertension, July 1, 2005; 46(1): 217 - 220. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Bellien, R. Joannides, M. Iacob, P. Arnaud, and C. Thuillez Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels and NO Regulate Human Peripheral Conduit Artery Mechanics Hypertension, July 1, 2005; 46(1): 210 - 216. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Schmitt, A. Avolio, A. Qasem, C. M. McEniery, M. Butlin, I. B. Wilkinson, and J. R. Cockcroft Basal NO Locally Modulates Human Iliac Artery Function In Vivo Hypertension, July 1, 2005; 46(1): 227 - 231. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. M. McEniery, Yasmin, S. Wallace, K. Maki-Petaja, B. McDonnell, J. E. Sharman, C. Retallick, S. S. Franklin, M. J. Brown, R. C. Lloyd, et al. Increased Stroke Volume and Aortic Stiffness Contribute to Isolated Systolic Hypertension in Young Adults Hypertension, July 1, 2005; 46(1): 221 - 226. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. L. Moreau, K. M. Gavin, A. E. Plum, and D. R. Seals Ascorbic Acid Selectively Improves Large Elastic Artery Compliance in Postmenopausal Women Hypertension, June 1, 2005; 45(6): 1107 - 1112. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. J. Williams, D. G. Hemmings, J. M. Mitchell, I. C. McMillen, and S. T. Davidge Effects of maternal hypoxia or nutrient restriction during pregnancy on endothelial function in adult male rat offspring J. Physiol., May 15, 2005; 565(1): 125 - 135. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. A. Chirinos, J. P. Zambrano, S. Chakko, A. Veerani, A. Schob, H. J. Willens, G. Perez, and A. J. Mendez Aortic Pressure Augmentation Predicts Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Established Coronary Artery Disease Hypertension, May 1, 2005; 45(5): 980 - 985. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Sugawara, S. Maeda, T. Otsuki, T. Tanabe, R. Ajisaka, and M. Matsuda Effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor on decrease in peripheral arterial stiffness with acute low-intensity aerobic exercise Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, December 1, 2004; 287(6): H2666 - H2669. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Saliashvili, W. W. Davis, M. T. Harris, N.-A. Le, and W. V. Brown Simvastatin Improved Arterial Compliance in High-Risk Patients Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, November 1, 2004; 38(6): 519 - 523. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Schmitt, A. Qasem, C. McEniery, I. B. Wilkinson, V. Tatarinoff, K. Noble, J. Klemes, N. Payne, M. P. Frenneaux, J. Cockcroft, et al. Role of natriuretic peptides in regulation of conduit artery distensibility Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, September 1, 2004; 287(3): H1167 - H1171. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. A. Mullan, C. N. Ennis, H. J. P. Fee, I. S. Young, and D. R. McCance Protective effects of ascorbic acid on arterial hemodynamics during acute hyperglycemia Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, September 1, 2004; 287(3): H1262 - H1268. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. M. McEniery, M. Schmitt, A. Qasem, D. J. Webb, A. P. Avolio, I. B. Wilkinson, and J. R. Cockcroft Nebivolol Increases Arterial Distensibility In Vivo Hypertension, September 1, 2004; 44(3): 305 - 310. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Ronnback, J. Fagerudd, C. Forsblom, K. Pettersson-Fernholm, A. Reunanen, P.-H. Groop, and on behalf of the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Stu Altered Age-Related Blood Pressure Pattern in Type 1 Diabetes Circulation, August 31, 2004; 110(9): 1076 - 1082. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. B. Wilkinson, S. S. Franklin, and J. R. Cockcroft Nitric Oxide and the Regulation of Large Artery Stiffness: From Physiology to Pharmacology Hypertension, August 1, 2004; 44(2): 112 - 116. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yasmin, C. M. McEniery, S. Wallace, I. S. Mackenzie, J. R. Cockcroft, and I. B. Wilkinson C-Reactive Protein Is Associated With Arterial Stiffness in Apparently Healthy Individuals Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, May 1, 2004; 24(5): 969 - 974. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Z. A. Massy, C. Fumeron, D. Borderie, P. Tuppin, T. Nguyen-Khoa, M.-O. Benoit, C. Jacquot, C. Buisson, T. B. Drueke, O. G. Ekindjian, et al. Increased Plasma S-Nitrosothiol Concentrations Predict Cardiovascular Outcomes among Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease: A Prospective Study J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., February 1, 2004; 15(2): 470 - 476. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. M. McEniery, A. Qasem, M. Schmitt, A. P. Avolio, J. R. Cockcroft, and I. B. Wilkinson Endothelin-1 regulates arterial pulse wave velocity in vivo J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., December 3, 2003; 42(11): 1975 - 1981. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. D. Stewart, S. C. Millasseau, M. T. Kearney, J. M. Ritter, and P. J. Chowienczyk Effects of Inhibition of Basal Nitric Oxide Synthesis on Carotid-Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity and Augmentation Index in Humans Hypertension, November 1, 2003; 42(5): 915 - 918. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. E. Safar and P. Laurent Pulse pressure and arterial stiffness in rats: comparison with humans Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, October 1, 2003; 285(4): H1363 - H1369. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. O. Bonetti, D. R. Holmes Jr, A. Lerman, and G. W. Barsness Enhanced external counterpulsation for ischemic heart disease: What's behind the curtain? J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 4, 2003; 41(11): 1918 - 1925. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. C. Smith, H. Lane, N. Davies, L. M. Evans, J. Cockcroft, M. F. Scanlon, and J. S. Davies The Effects of Depot Long-Acting Somatostatin Analog on Central Aortic Pressure and Arterial Stiffness in Acromegaly J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2003; 88(6): 2556 - 2561. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Ceravolo, R. Maio, A. Pujia, A. Sciacqua, G. Ventura, M. C. Costa, G. Sesti, and F. Perticone Pulse pressure and endothelial dysfunction in never-treated hypertensive patients J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 21, 2003; 41(10): 1753 - 1758. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Lerman and J. Herrmann Endothelial function under pressure J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 21, 2003; 41(10): 1759 - 1760. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. O. Bonetti, G. W. Barsness, P. C. Keelan, T. I. Schnell, G. M. Pumper, J. T. Kuvin, R. P. Schnall, D. R. Holmes Jr, S. T. Higano, and A. Lerman Enhanced external counterpulsation improves endothelial function in patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 21, 2003; 41(10): 1761 - 1768. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. N Van Vliet, L. L Chafe, and J.-P. Montani Characteristics of 24 h Telemetered Blood Pressure in eNOS-Knockout and C57Bl/6J Control Mice J. Physiol., May 15, 2003; 549(1): 313 - 325. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R Klocke, J R Cockcroft, G J Taylor, I R Hall, and D R Blake Arterial stiffness and central blood pressure, as determined by pulse wave analysis, in rheumatoid arthritis Ann Rheum Dis, May 1, 2003; 62(5): 414 - 418. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. J. Oliver and D. J. Webb Noninvasive Assessment of Arterial Stiffness and Risk of Atherosclerotic Events Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, April 1, 2003; 23(4): 554 - 566. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. O. Bonetti, L. O. Lerman, and A. Lerman Endothelial Dysfunction: A Marker of Atherosclerotic Risk Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, February 1, 2003; 23(2): 168 - 175. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. B. Wilkinson, D. J. Webb, J. R. Cockcroft, S. Kinlay, P. Ganz, and M. A. Creager Nitric Oxide and Regulation of Arterial Elasticity: Right Idea, Wrong Vascular Bed? * Response Hypertension, September 1, 2002; e4(3): . [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. F. Mitchell, J. L. Izzo Jr, Y. Lacourciere, J.-P. Ouellet, J. Neutel, C. Qian, L. J. Kerwin, A. J. Block, and M. A. Pfeffer Omapatrilat Reduces Pulse Pressure and Proximal Aortic Stiffness in Patients With Systolic Hypertension: Results of the Conduit Hemodynamics of Omapatrilat International Research Study Circulation, June 25, 2002; 105(25): 2955 - 2961. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. B. Wilkinson, D. J. Webb, J. R. Cockcroft, S. Kinlay, P. Ganz, and M. A. Creager Nitric Oxide and the Regulation of Arterial Elasticity: Right Idea, Wrong Vascular Bed? Hypertension, April 1, 2002; 39 (4): e26 - e27. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. B. Wilkinson, K. Prasad, I. R. Hall, A. Thomas, H. MacCallum, D. J. Webb, M. P. Frenneaux, and J. R. Cockcroft Increased central pulse pressure and augmentation index in subjects with hypercholesterolemia J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 20, 2002; 39(6): 1005 - 1011. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|