Circulation. 2002;105:1909-1913
Published online before print April 1, 2002, doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000014683.52177.B5
Published online before print April 1, 2002, doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000014683.52177.B5
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(Circulation. 2002;105:1909.)
© 2002 American Heart Association, Inc.
Clinical Investigation and Reports |
Relationship of the TIMI Myocardial Perfusion Grades, Flow Grades, Frame Count, and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention to Long-Term Outcomes After Thrombolytic Administration in Acute Myocardial Infarction
From the TIMI Study Group, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital (C.M.G., S.A.M., S.J.M., C.P.C., E.B.), Boston, Mass, and the Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, the University of California San Francisco (H.V.B.).
Correspondence to C. Michael Gibson, MS, MD, TIMI Study Group, 930 Commonwealth Ave, 3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02215. E-mail mgibson{at}perfuse.org
Background— Although 90-minute TIMI flow grades (TFGs), corrected TIMI frame counts (CTFCs), and TIMI myocardial perfusion grades (TMPGs) have been associated with 30-day outcomes, we hypothesized that these indices would be related to long-term outcomes after thrombolytic administration.
Methods and Results— As a substudy of the TIMI 10B trial (tissue plasminogen activator versus tenecteplase), 49 centers carried out 2-year follow-up. TIMI grade 2/3 flow (Cox hazard ratio [HR] 0.41, P=0.001), reduced CTFCs (faster flow, P=0.02), and an open microvasculature (TMPG 2/3) (HR 0.51, P=0.038) were all associated with improved 2-year survival. Rescue percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of closed arteries (TFG 0/1) at 90 minutes was associated with reduced mortality (P=0.03), and mortality trended lower with adjunctive PCI of open (TFG 2/3) arteries (P=0.11). In a multivariate model correcting for previously identified correlates of mortality (age, sex, pulse, left anterior descending coronary artery infarction, and any PCI during initial hospitalization), patency (TFG 2/3) (HR 0.32, P<0.001), CTFC (P=0.01), and TMPG 2/3 remained associated with reduced mortality (HR 0.46, P=0.02).
Conclusions— Both improved epicardial flow (TFG 2/3 and low CTFCs) and tissue-level perfusion (TMPG 2/3) at 90 minutes after thrombolytic administration are independently associated with improved 2-year survival, suggesting complementary mechanisms of improved long-term survival. Although rescue PCI reduced long-term mortality, improved microvascular perfusion (TMPG 2/3) before PCI was also related to improved mortality independently of epicardial blood flow and the performance of rescue or adjunctive PCI. Further prospective trials are warranted to re-examine the benefit of early PCI with thrombolysis.
Key Words: perfusion • blood flow • trials • myocardial infarction • thrombolysis
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