Circulation. 2001;104:3052-3056
doi: 10.1161/hc5001.101061
doi: 10.1161/hc5001.101061
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Circulation. 2001;104:3052.)
© 2001 American Heart Association, Inc.
Clinical Investigation and Reports |
Plasma Leptin and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study (WOSCOPS)
From the Department of Pathological Biochemistry (A.M.W., C.J.P., A.K., J.S., N.S.), Clinical Trials Unit (A.G.), Glasgow Royal Infirmary, and Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (A.D.M.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland.
Correspondence to Dr Naveed Sattar, Department of Pathological Biochemistry, 4th Floor QEB, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK. E-mail nsattar{at}clinmed.gla.ac.uk
Background— Leptin plays a role in fat metabolism and correlates with insulin resistance and other markers of the metabolic syndrome, independent of total adiposity. Therefore, we hypothesized that raised leptin levels may identify men at increased risk of a coronary event in the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study (WOSCOPS).
Methods and Results— Plasma leptin levels were measured at baseline in 377 men (cases) who subsequently experienced a coronary event and in 783 men (controls) who remained free of an event during the 5-year follow-up period of the study. Controls were matched to cases on the basis of age and smoking history and were representative of the entire WOSCOPS cohort. Leptin levels were significantly higher in cases than controls (5.87±2.04 ng/mL versus 5.04±2.09 ng/mL, P<0.001). In univariate analysis, for each 1 SD increase in leptin, the relative risk (RR) of an event increased by 1.25 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10 to 1.43; P<0.001). There was minimal change in this RR with correction for body mass index (RR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.45; P=0.006) or with further correction for classic risk factors, including age, lipids, and systolic blood pressure (RR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.42; P=0.03). Leptin correlated with C-reactive protein (r=0.24, P<0.001) and, even with this variable added to the model, leptin retained significance as a predictor of coronary events (RR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.39; P=0.05) at the expense of C-reactive protein.
Conclusions— We show, for the first time, in a large prospective study that leptin is a novel, independent risk factor for coronary heart disease.
Key Words: adipocytes • insulin resistance • inflammation • cardiovascular diseases
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  M. Zeadin, M. Butcher, G. Werstuck, M. Khan, C. K. Yee, and S. G. Shaughnessy Effect of Leptin on Vascular Calcification in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, December 1, 2009; 29(12): 2069 - 2075. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Chung, A. Long, J. Solus, Y. Rho, A Oeser, P Raggi, and C. Stein Adipocytokines in systemic lupus erythematosus: relationship to inflammation, insulin resistance and coronary atherosclerosis Lupus, August 1, 2009; 18(9): 799 - 806. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Hongo, T. Watanabe, S. Arita, T. Kanome, H. Kageyama, S. Shioda, and A. Miyazaki Leptin modulates ACAT1 expression and cholesterol efflux from human macrophages Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, August 1, 2009; 297(2): E474 - E482. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Thomopoulos, D. P. Papadopoulos, O. Papazachou, A. Bratsas, S. Massias, G. Anastasiadis, D. Perrea, and T. Makris Free Leptin Is Associated With Masked Hypertension in Nonobese Subjects: A Cross-Sectional Study Hypertension, June 1, 2009; 53(6): 965 - 972. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. Lieb, L. M. Sullivan, T. B. Harris, R. Roubenoff, E. J. Benjamin, D. Levy, C. S. Fox, T. J. Wang, P. W. Wilson, W. B. Kannel, et al. Plasma Leptin Levels and Incidence of Heart Failure, Cardiovascular Disease, and Total Mortality in Elderly Individuals Diabetes Care, April 1, 2009; 32(4): 612 - 616. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. VADACCA, D. MARGIOTTA, A. RIGON, F. CACCIAPAGLIA, G. COPPOLINO, A. AMOROSO, and A. AFELTRA Adipokines and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Relationship with Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors J Rheumatol, February 1, 2009; 36(2): 295 - 297. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Welsh, H. M. Murray, B. M. Buckley, A. J.M. de Craen, I. Ford, J. W. Jukema, P. W. Macfarlane, C. J. Packard, D. J. Stott, R. G.J. Westendorp, et al. Leptin Predicts Diabetes but Not Cardiovascular Disease: Results from a large prospective study in an elderly population Diabetes Care, February 1, 2009; 32(2): 308 - 310. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Sattar, G. Wannamethee, N. Sarwar, J. Chernova, D. A. Lawlor, A. Kelly, A. M. Wallace, J. Danesh, and P. H. Whincup Leptin and coronary heart disease: prospective study and systematic review. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 13, 2009; 53(2): 167 - 175. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Shan, T. B. Nguyen, H. Totary-Jain, H. Dansky, S. O. Marx, and A. R. Marks Leptin-enhanced neointimal hyperplasia is reduced by mTOR and PI3K inhibitors PNAS, December 2, 2008; 105(48): 19006 - 19011. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Rasouli and P. A. Kern Adipocytokines and the Metabolic Complications of Obesity J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2008; 93(11_Supplement_1): s64 - s73. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. S. Martin, A. Qasim, and M. P. Reilly Leptin Resistance: A Possible Interface of Inflammation and Metabolism in Obesity-Related Cardiovascular Disease J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 7, 2008; 52(15): 1201 - 1210. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. R. Kizer, J. I. Barzilay, L. H. Kuller, and J. S. Gottdiener Adiponectin and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Older Men and Women J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2008; 93(9): 3357 - 3364. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. Craici, S. Wagner, and V. D. Garovic Review: Preeclampsia and future cardiovascular risk: formal risk factor or failed stress test? Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease, August 1, 2008; 2(4): 249 - 259. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Qasim, N. N. Mehta, M. G. Tadesse, M. L. Wolfe, T. Rhodes, C. Girman, and M. P. Reilly Adipokines, insulin resistance, and coronary artery calcification. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 15, 2008; 52(3): 231 - 236. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Malyszko, J.S. Malyszko, P. Kozminski, K. Pawlak, and M. Mysliwiec Adipokines, Linking Adipocytes and Vascular Function in Hemodialyzed Patients, May Also Be Possibly Related to CD146, a Novel Adhesion Molecule Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis, July 1, 2008; 14(3): 338 - 345. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Lehtonen, R. Huupponen, J. Tuomilehto, S. Lavonius, S. Arve, H. Isoaho, I. Huhtaniemi, and R. Tilvis Serum testosterone but not leptin predicts mortality in elderly men Age Ageing, July 1, 2008; 37(4): 461 - 464. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. K. Koh, S. M. Park, and M. J. Quon Leptin and Cardiovascular Disease: Response to Therapeutic Interventions Circulation, June 24, 2008; 117(25): 3238 - 3249. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Raggi and M. Kleerekoper Contribution of Bone and Mineral Abnormalities to Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., May 1, 2008; 3(3): 836 - 843. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Dubey, H.-S. Zeng, H.-J. Wang, and R.-Y. Liu Potential Role of Adipocytokine Leptin in Acute Coronary Syndrome Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann, April 1, 2008; 16(2): 124 - 128. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T Lappalainen, M Kolehmainen, U Schwab, L Pulkkinen, D E Laaksonen, R Rauramaa, M Uusitupa, and H Gylling Serum concentrations and expressions of serum amyloid A and leptin in adipose tissue are interrelated: the Genobin Study Eur. J. Endocrinol., March 1, 2008; 158(3): 333 - 341. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. K. Surmi, R. D. Atkinson, M. L. Gruen, K. R. Coenen, and A. H. Hasty The role of macrophage leptin receptor in aortic root lesion formation Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, March 1, 2008; 294(3): E488 - E495. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. K. Ohman, Y. Shen, C. I. Obimba, A. P. Wright, M. Warnock, D. A. Lawrence, and D. T. Eitzman Visceral Adipose Tissue Inflammation Accelerates Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice Circulation, February 12, 2008; 117(6): 798 - 805. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. A. Viikari, R. K. Huupponen, J. S. A. Viikari, J. Marniemi, C. Eklund, M. Hurme, T. Lehtimaki, M. Kivimaki, and O. T. Raitakari Relationship between Leptin and C-Reactive Protein in Young Finnish Adults J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., December 1, 2007; 92(12): 4753 - 4758. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Taleb, O. Herbin, H. Ait-Oufella, W. Verreth, P. Gourdy, V. Barateau, R. Merval, B. Esposito, K. Clement, P. Holvoet, et al. Defective Leptin/Leptin Receptor Signaling Improves Regulatory T Cell Immune Response and Protects Mice From Atherosclerosis Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, December 1, 2007; 27(12): 2691 - 2698. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. B. McCormick and J. M. Bargman Noninfectious Complications of Peritoneal Dialysis: Implications for Patient and Technique Survival J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., December 1, 2007; 18(12): 3023 - 3025. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. F. Bodary Links Between Adipose Tissue and Thrombosis in the Mouse Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, November 1, 2007; 27(11): 2284 - 2291. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Zeidan, B. Paylor, K. J. Steinhoff, S. Javadov, V. Rajapurohitam, S. Chakrabarti, and M. Karmazyn Actin Cytoskeleton Dynamics Promotes Leptin-Induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Hypertrophy via RhoA/ROCK- and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Protein Kinase B-Dependent Pathways J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., September 1, 2007; 322(3): 1110 - 1116. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Singh, M. Hoffmann, R. Wolk, A. S.M. Shamsuzzaman, and V. K. Somers Leptin Induces C-Reactive Protein Expression in Vascular Endothelial Cells Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, September 1, 2007; 27(9): e302 - e307. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. D. Lopaschuk, C. D.L. Folmes, and W. C. Stanley Cardiac Energy Metabolism in Obesity Circ. Res., August 17, 2007; 101(4): 335 - 347. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Muniyappa, M. Montagnani, K. K. Koh, and M. J. Quon Cardiovascular Actions of Insulin Endocr. Rev., August 1, 2007; 28(5): 463 - 491. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Katagiri, T. Yamada, and Y. Oka Adiposity and Cardiovascular Disorders: Disturbance of the Regulatory System Consisting of Humoral and Neuronal Signals Circ. Res., July 6, 2007; 101(1): 27 - 39. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. D. Anderson, N. N. Mehta, M. L. Wolfe, C. C. Hinkle, L. Pruscino, L. L. Comiskey, J. Tabita-Martinez, K. F. Sellers, M. R. Rickels, R. S. Ahima, et al. Innate Immunity Modulates Adipokines in Humans J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2007; 92(6): 2272 - 2279. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. M. Wahba and R. H. Mak Obesity and Obesity-Initiated Metabolic Syndrome: Mechanistic Links to Chronic Kidney Disease Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., May 1, 2007; 2(3): 550 - 562. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. G. Wannamethee, G. D.O. Lowe, A. Rumley, L. Cherry, P. H. Whincup, and N. Sattar Adipokines and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Older Men Diabetes Care, May 1, 2007; 30(5): 1200 - 1205. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Abe, K. Ono, T. Kawamura, H. Wada, T. Kita, A. Shimatsu, and K. Hasegawa Leptin induces elongation of cardiac myocytes and causes eccentric left ventricular dilatation with compensation Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, May 1, 2007; 292(5): H2387 - H2396. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. M. Howard-Alpe, J. W. Sear, and P. Foex Methods of detecting atherosclerosis in non-cardiac surgical patients; the role of biochemical markers Br. J. Anaesth., December 1, 2006; 97(6): 758 - 769. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Teta, M. Maillard, A. Tedjani, J. Passlick-Deetjen, and M. Burnier The effect of pH-neutral peritoneal dialysis fluids on adipokine secretion from cultured adipocytes Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., November 28, 2006; (2006) gfl698v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. U. Momin, N. Melikian, A. M. Shah, D. J. Grieve, S. B. Wheatcroft, L. John, A. El Gamel, J. B. Desai, T. Nelson, C. Driver, et al. Leptin is an endothelial-independent vasodilator in humans with coronary artery disease: evidence for tissue specificity of leptin resistance Eur. Heart J., October 1, 2006; 27(19): 2294 - 2299. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Wolk and V. K. Somers Leptin and vascular function: friend or foe? Eur. Heart J., October 1, 2006; 27(19): 2263 - 2265. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Mertens, R. V Considine, M. Van der Planken, and L. F Van Gaal Hemostasis and fibrinolysis in non-diabetic overweight and obese men and women. Is there still a role for leptin? Eur. J. Endocrinol., September 1, 2006; 155(3): 477 - 484. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M.-H. Gannage-Yared, S. Khalife, M. Semaan, F. Fares, S. Jambart, and G. Halaby Serum adiponectin and leptin levels in relation to the metabolic syndrome, androgenic profile and somatotropic axis in healthy non-diabetic elderly men. Eur. J. Endocrinol., July 1, 2006; 155(1): 167 - 176. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Langenberg, J. Bergstrom, C. Scheidt-Nave, J. Pfeilschifter, and E. Barrett-Connor Cardiovascular Death and the Metabolic Syndrome: Role of adiposity-signaling hormones and inflammatory markers. Diabetes Care, June 1, 2006; 29(6): 1363 - 1369. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. Taneli, S. Yegane, C. Ulman, H. Tikiz, A. R. Bilge, Z. Ari, and B. S. Uyanik Increased Serum Leptin Concentrations in Patients with Chronic Stable Angina Pectoris and ST-Elevated Myocardial Infarction Angiology, May 1, 2006; 57(3): 267 - 272. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Furuya, M. Odamaki, H. Kumagai, and A. Hishida Beneficial effects of icodextrin on plasma level of adipocytokines in peritoneal dialysis patients Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., February 1, 2006; 21(2): 494 - 498. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Nishio, M. Sakurai, T. Kusuyama, M. Shigemitsu, T. Fukui, K. Kawamura, S. Itoh, N. Konno, and T. Katagiri A Randomized Comparison of Pioglitazone to Inhibit Restenosis After Coronary Stenting in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes Care, January 1, 2006; 29(1): 101 - 106. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Pladevall, B. Singal, L. K. Williams, C. Brotons, H. Guyer, J. Sadurni, C. Falces, M. Serrano-Rios, R. Gabriel, J. E. Shaw, et al. A Single Factor Underlies the Metabolic Syndrome: A confirmatory factor analysis Diabetes Care, January 1, 2006; 29(1): 113 - 122. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Canavan, R. O. Salem, S. Schurgin, P. Koutkia, I. Lipinska, M. Laposata, and S. Grinspoon Effects of Physiological Leptin Administration on Markers of Inflammation, Platelet Activation, and Platelet Aggregation during Caloric Deprivation J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2005; 90(10): 5779 - 5785. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. S. Elbatarny and D. H. Maurice Leptin-mediated activation of human platelets: involvement of a leptin receptor and phosphodiesterase 3A-containing cellular signaling complex Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, October 1, 2005; 289(4): E695 - E702. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. F. Bodary, S. Gu, Y. Shen, A. H. Hasty, J. M. Buckler, and D. T. Eitzman Recombinant Leptin Promotes Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, August 1, 2005; 25(8): e119 - e122. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Perego, P. Pizzocri, D. Corradi, F. Maisano, M. Paganelli, P. Fiorina, M. Barbieri, A. Morabito, G. Paolisso, F. Folli, et al. Circulating Leptin Correlates with Left Ventricular Mass in Morbid (Grade III) Obesity before and after Weight Loss Induced by Bariatric Surgery: A Potential Role for Leptin in Mediating Human Left Ventricular Hypertrophy J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., July 1, 2005; 90(7): 4087 - 4093. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. D. Knudson, U. D. Dincer, C. Zhang, A. N. Swafford Jr., R. Koshida, A. Picchi, M. Focardi, G. M. Dick, and J. D. Tune Leptin receptors are expressed in coronary arteries, and hyperleptinemia causes significant coronary endothelial dysfunction Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, July 1, 2005; 289(1): H48 - H56. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. E. Ostberg, M. J. H. Attar, V. Mohamed-Ali, and G. S. Conway Adipokine Dysregulation in Turner Syndrome: Comparison of Circulating Interleukin-6 and Leptin Concentrations with Measures of Adiposity and C-Reactive Protein J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2005; 90(5): 2948 - 2953. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. M. Stuveling, S. J. L. Bakker, H. L. Hillege, P. E. de Jong, R. O. B. Gans, and D. de Zeeuw Biochemical risk markers: a novel area for better prediction of renal risk? Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., March 1, 2005; 20(3): 497 - 508. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. M. Purdham, M.-X. Zou, V. Rajapurohitam, and M. Karmazyn Rat heart is a site of leptin production and action Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, December 1, 2004; 287(6): H2877 - H2884. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Wolk, P. Berger, R. J. Lennon, E. S. Brilakis, B. D. Johnson, and V. K. Somers Plasma leptin and prognosis in patients with established coronary atherosclerosis J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 2, 2004; 44(9): 1819 - 1824. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. S. Daskalopoulou, D. P. Mikhailidis, and M. Elisaf Prevention and Treatment of the Metabolic Syndrome Angiology, November 1, 2004; 55(6): 589 - 612. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. E. Wisse The Inflammatory Syndrome: The Role of Adipose Tissue Cytokines in Metabolic Disorders Linked to Obesity J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., November 1, 2004; 15(11): 2792 - 2800. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Tsuda, I. Nishio, A. S.M. Shamsuzzaman, M. Winnicki, R. Wolk, A. Svatikova, D. E. Davison, V. K. Somers, B. G. Phillips, and P. B. Berger Leptin, C-Reactive Protein, and Nitric Oxide Production in Healthy Humans * Response Circulation, September 28, 2004; 110(13): e330 - e330. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F.-P. Xu, M.-S. Chen, Y.-Z. Wang, Q. Yi, S.-B. Lin, A. F. Chen, and J.-D. Luo Leptin Induces Hypertrophy via Endothelin-1-Reactive Oxygen Species Pathway in Cultured Neonatal Rat Cardiomyocytes Circulation, September 7, 2004; 110(10): 1269 - 1275. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. P. Reilly, N. Iqbal, M. Schutta, M. L. Wolfe, M. Scally, A. R. Localio, D. J. Rader, and S. E. Kimmel Plasma Leptin Levels Are Associated with Coronary Atherosclerosis in Type 2 Diabetes J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 2004; 89(8): 3872 - 3878. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.-C. Fruchart, M. C. Nierman, E. S. G. Stroes, J. J. P. Kastelein, and P. Duriez New Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis and Patient Risk Assessment Circulation, June 15, 2004; 109(23_suppl_1): III-15 - III-19. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Iwashima, T. Katsuya, K. Ishikawa, N. Ouchi, M. Ohishi, K. Sugimoto, Y. Fu, M. Motone, K. Yamamoto, A. Matsuo, et al. Hypoadiponectinemia Is an Independent Risk Factor for Hypertension Hypertension, June 1, 2004; 43(6): 1318 - 1323. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. S.M. Shamsuzzaman, M. Winnicki, R. Wolk, A. Svatikova, B. G. Phillips, D. E. Davison, P. B. Berger, and V. K. Somers Independent Association Between Plasma Leptin and C-Reactive Protein in Healthy Humans Circulation, May 11, 2004; 109(18): 2181 - 2185. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Ohashi, N. Ouchi, S. Kihara, T. Funahashi, T. Nakamura, S. Sumitsuji, T. Kawamoto, S. Matsumoto, H. Nagaretani, M. Kumada, et al. Adiponectin I164T mutation is associated with the metabolic syndrome and coronary artery disease J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 7, 2004; 43(7): 1195 - 1200. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Prabhakaran and S. S Anand The metabolic syndrome: an emerging risk state for cardiovascular disease Vascular Medicine, February 1, 2004; 9(1): 55 - 68. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Rahmouni and W. G. Haynes Leptin and the Cardiovascular System Recent Prog. Horm. Res., January 1, 2004; 59(1): 225 - 244. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Schafer, M. Halle, C. Goeschen, C. Dellas, M. Pynn, D. J. Loskutoff, and S. Konstantinides Leptin Promotes Vascular Remodeling and Neointimal Growth in Mice Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, January 1, 2004; 24(1): 112 - 117. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Wolk, B. D. Johnson, and V. K. Somers Leptin and the ventilatory response to exercise in heart failure J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 5, 2003; 42(9): 1644 - 1649. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Wolk, P. Berger, R. J. Lennon, E. S. Brilakis, and V. K. Somers Body Mass Index: A Risk Factor for Unstable Angina and Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Angiographically Confirmed Coronary Artery Disease Circulation, November 4, 2003; 108(18): 2206 - 2211. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Piatti, C. Di Mario, L. D. Monti, G. Fragasso, F. Sgura, A. Caumo, E. Setola, P. Lucotti, E. Galluccio, C. Ronchi, et al. Association of Insulin Resistance, Hyperleptinemia, and Impaired Nitric Oxide Release With In-Stent Restenosis in Patients Undergoing Coronary Stenting Circulation, October 28, 2003; 108(17): 2074 - 2081. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. S. M. Shamsuzzaman, B. J. Gersh, and V. K. Somers Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Implications for Cardiac and Vascular Disease JAMA, October 8, 2003; 290(14): 1906 - 1914. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Piemonti, G. Calori, A. Mercalli, G. Lattuada, P. Monti, M. P. Garancini, F. Costantino, G. Ruotolo, L. Luzi, and G. Perseghin Fasting Plasma Leptin, Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha} Receptor 2, and Monocyte Chemoattracting Protein 1 Concentration in a Population of Glucose-Tolerant and Glucose-Intolerant Women: Impact on cardiovascular mortality Diabetes Care, October 1, 2003; 26(10): 2883 - 2889. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. P. Reilly and D. J. Rader The Metabolic Syndrome: More Than the Sum of Its Parts? Circulation, September 30, 2003; 108(13): 1546 - 1551. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Tomaszewski, F. J. Charchar, M. Przybycin, L. Crawford, A. M. Wallace, K. Gosek, G. D. Lowe, E. Zukowska-Szczechowska, W. Grzeszczak, N. Sattar, et al. Strikingly Low Circulating CRP Concentrations in Ultramarathon Runners Independent of Markers of Adiposity: How Low Can You Go? Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, September 1, 2003; 23(9): 1640 - 1644. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Rajapurohitam, X. T. Gan, L. A. Kirshenbaum, and M. Karmazyn The Obesity-Associated Peptide Leptin Induces Hypertrophy in Neonatal Rat Ventricular Myocytes Circ. Res., August 22, 2003; 93(4): 277 - 279. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D D Sin and S F P Man Impaired lung function and serum leptin in men and women with normal body weight: a population based study Thorax, August 1, 2003; 58(8): 695 - 698. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Saaresranta and O. Polo Sleep-disordered breathing and hormones Eur. Respir. J., July 1, 2003; 22(1): 161 - 172. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Sattar, J. Ramsay, L. Crawford, H. Cheyne, and I. A. Greer Classic and Novel Risk Factor Parameters in Women With a History of Preeclampsia Hypertension, July 1, 2003; 42(1): 39 - 42. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. A. Anderson, A. M. Wallace, N. Sattar, N. Kumar, and K. Sundaram Evidence for Tissue Selectivity of the Synthetic Androgen 7{alpha}-Methyl-19-Nortestosterone in Hypogonadal Men J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2003; 88(6): 2784 - 2793. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Sattar, C. G Perry, and J. R Petrie Type 2 diabetes as an inflammatory disorder The British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease, January 1, 2003; 3(1): 36 - 41. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. G. Patel, J. C. Holder, S. A. Smith, S. Kumar, and M. C. Eggo Differential Regulation of Lipogenesis and Leptin Production by Independent Signaling Pathways and Rosiglitazone During Human Adipocyte Differentiation Diabetes, January 1, 2003; 52(1): 43 - 50. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Kratz, A. von Eckardstein, M. Fobker, A. Buyken, N. Posny, H. Schulte, G. Assmann, and U. Wahrburg The Impact of Dietary Fat Composition on Serum Leptin Concentrations in Healthy Nonobese Men and Women J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2002; 87(11): 5008 - 5014. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Singhal, I. S. Farooqi, T. J. Cole, S. O'Rahilly, M. Fewtrell, M. Kattenhorn, A. Lucas, and J. Deanfield Influence of Leptin on Arterial Distensibility: A Novel Link Between Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease? Circulation, October 8, 2002; 106(15): 1919 - 1924. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. J Krentz Type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: do they share common antecedents? The British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease, September 1, 2002; 2(5): 370 - 378. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. E. Pontiroli, P. Pizzocri, F. Folli, N. Sattar, P. W. Macfarlane, C. J. Packard, A. Kelly, J. Shepherd, A. Gaw, A. M. Wallace, et al. Plasma Leptin Levels and Coronary Heart Disease * Response Circulation, August 27, 2002; 106 (9): e42 - e42. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Corica, A. Corsonello, F. Perticone, P. F. Bodary, and D. T. Eitzman Effects of Leptin on Platelet Function in Obese Patients JAMA, July 17, 2002; 288(3): 313 - 314. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Winnicki, V. K. Somers, V. Accurso, B. G. Phillips, M. Puato, P. Palatini, and P. Pauletto Fish-Rich Diet, Leptin, and Body Mass Circulation, July 16, 2002; 106(3): 289 - 291. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Bernal-Mizrachi, S. Weng, B. Li, L. A. Nolte, C. Feng, T. Coleman, J. O. Holloszy, and C. F. Semenkovich Respiratory Uncoupling Lowers Blood Pressure Through a Leptin-Dependent Mechanism in Genetically Obese Mice Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, June 1, 2002; 22(6): 961 - 968. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. F. Bodary, R. J. Westrick, K. J. Wickenheiser, Y. Shen, and D. T. Eitzman Effect of Leptin on Arterial Thrombosis Following Vascular Injury in Mice JAMA, April 3, 2002; 287(13): 1706 - 1709. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|