Circulation. 2001;104:2746-2753
doi: 10.1161/hc4601.099487
doi: 10.1161/hc4601.099487
(Circulation. 2001;104:2746.)
© 2001 American Heart Association, Inc.
Clinical Cardiology: New Frontiers |
Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases
Part I: General Considerations, the Epidemiologic Transition, Risk Factors, and Impact of Urbanization
From the Population Health Research Institute and Division of Cardiology (S.Y., S.O., S.A.), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (S.R.), New Delhi, India.
Correspondence to Salim Yusuf, Population Health Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, 2nd Floor, McMaster Clinic, Hamilton General Hospital, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, ON L8L 2X2, Canada. E-mail yusufs{at}mcmaster.ca
This two-part article provides an overview of the global burden of atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease. Part I initially discusses the epidemiologic transition which has resulted in a decrease in deaths in childhood due to infections, with a concomitant increase in cardiovascular and other chronic diseases; and then provides estimates of the burden of cardiovascular (CV) diseases with specific focus on the developing countries. Next, we summarize key information on risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and indicate that their importance may have been underestimated. Then, we describe overarching factors influencing variations in CVD by ethnicity and region and the influence of urbanization. Part II of this article describes the burden of CV disease by specific region or ethnic group, the risk factors of importance, and possible strategies for prevention.
Key Words: heart diseases • epidemiology • prevention
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T. A. Gaziano Cardiovascular Disease in the Developing World and Its Cost-Effective Management Circulation, December 6, 2005; 112(23): 3547 - 3553. [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. A. Gaziano, K. Steyn, D. J. Cohen, M. C. Weinstein, and L. H. Opie Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Hypertension Guidelines in South Africa: Absolute Risk Versus Blood Pressure Level Circulation, December 6, 2005; 112(23): 3569 - 3576. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. W. Ryan, E. D. Peterson, A. Y. Chen, M. T. Roe, E. M. Ohman, C. P. Cannon, P. B. Berger, J. F. Saucedo, E. R. DeLong, S.-L. Normand, et al. Optimal Timing of Intervention in Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes: Insights From the CRUSADE (Can Rapid risk stratification of Unstable angina patients Suppress ADverse outcomes with Early implementation of the ACC/AHA guidelines) Registry Circulation, November 15, 2005; 112(20): 3049 - 3057. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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V. Fuster Where Am I Going? The Future of Academic Cardiovascular Medicine J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 4, 2005; 46(7_Suppl_A): 1A - 4A. [Full Text] [PDF]
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 F. Espinosa-Larranaga, M. Vejar-Jalaf, and R. Medina-Santillan The importance of low serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) as a cardiovascular risk factor Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research, October 1, 2005; 2(1_suppl): S1 - S8. [Abstract] [PDF]
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S. Ebrahim and L. Smeeth Non-communicable diseases in low and middle-income countries: a priority or a distraction? Int. J. Epidemiol., October 1, 2005; 34(5): 961 - 966. [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. D. Smith, R. Harbord, J. Milton, S. Ebrahim, and J. A.C. Sterne Does Elevated Plasma Fibrinogen Increase the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease?: Evidence from a Meta-Analysis of Genetic Association Studies Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., October 1, 2005; 25(10): 2228 - 2233. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. He, D. Gu, X. Wu, K. Reynolds, X. Duan, C. Yao, J. Wang, C.-S. Chen, J. Chen, R. P. Wildman, et al. Major Causes of Death among Men and Women in China N. Engl. J. Med., September 15, 2005; 353(11): 1124 - 1134. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A S Wierzbicki, S Nishtar, P J Lumb, M Lambert-Hammill, C N Turner, M A Crook, M S Marber, and J Gill Metabolic syndrome and risk of coronary heart disease in a Pakistani cohort Heart, August 1, 2005; 91(8): 1003 - 1007. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Barnoya, S. A. Bialous, and S. A. Glantz Effective Interventions to Reduce Smoking-Induced Heart Disease Around the World: Time to Act Circulation, July 26, 2005; 112(4): 456 - 458. [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Ezzati, S. J. Henley, M. J. Thun, and A. D. Lopez Role of Smoking in Global and Regional Cardiovascular Mortality Circulation, July 26, 2005; 112(4): 489 - 497. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. V. Doobay and S. S. Anand Sensitivity and Specificity of the Ankle-Brachial Index to Predict Future Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., July 1, 2005; 25(7): 1463 - 1469. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 J. Genest, R. McPherson, J. Frohlich, and G. Fodor The analysis by Manuel and colleagues creates controversy with headlines, not data Can. Med. Assoc. J., April 12, 2005; 172(8): 1033 - 1034. [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. A. Blumenthal, A. Sherwood, M. A. Babyak, L. L. Watkins, R. Waugh, A. Georgiades, S. L. Bacon, J. Hayano, R. E. Coleman, and A. Hinderliter Effects of Exercise and Stress Management Training on Markers of Cardiovascular Risk in Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial JAMA, April 6, 2005; 293(13): 1626 - 1634. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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