Circulation. 2001;104:2673-2678
doi: 10.1161/hc4601.099485
doi: 10.1161/hc4601.099485
(Circulation. 2001;104:2673.)
© 2001 American Heart Association, Inc.
Clinical Investigation and Reports |
Endothelial Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress, and Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
From the Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin, Abteilung Kardiologie, Hamburg, Germany.
Correspondence to Thomas Heitzer, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin, Abteilung Kardiologie, Martinistr 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany. E-mail heitzer{at}uke.uni-hamburg.de
Background— Endothelial function is impaired in coronary artery disease and may contribute to its clinical manifestations. Increased oxidative stress has been linked to impaired endothelial function in atherosclerosis and may play a role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular events. This study was designed to determine whether endothelial dysfunction and vascular oxidative stress have prognostic impact on cardiovascular event rates in patients with coronary artery disease.
Methods and Results— Endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilation was determined in 281 patients with documented coronary artery disease by measuring forearm blood flow responses to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside using venous occlusion plethysmography. The effect of the coadministration of vitamin C (24 mg/min) was assessed in a subgroup of 179 patients. Cardiovascular events, including death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, coronary angioplasty, and coronary or peripheral bypass operation, were studied during a mean follow-up period of 4.5 years. Patients experiencing cardiovascular events (n=91) had lower vasodilator responses to acetylcholine (P<0.001) and sodium nitroprusside (P<0.05), but greater benefit from vitamin C (P<0.01). The Cox proportional regression analysis for conventional risk factors demonstrated that blunted acetylcholine-induced vasodilation (P=0.001), the effect of vitamin C (P=0.001), and age (P=0.016) remained independent predictors of cardiovascular events.
Conclusions— Endothelial dysfunction and increased vascular oxidative stress predict the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease. These data support the concept that oxidative stress may contribute not only to endothelial dysfunction but also to coronary artery disease activity.
Key Words: antioxidants • coronary disease • endothelium • free radicals • prognosis
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N. Werner, S. Wassmann, P. Ahlers, S. Kosiol, and G. Nickenig Circulating CD31+/Annexin V+ Apoptotic Microparticles Correlate With Coronary Endothelial Function in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, January 1, 2006; 26(1): 112 - 116. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Al-Benna, C. A. Hamilton, J. D. McClure, P. N. Rogers, G. A. Berg, I. Ford, C. Delles, and A. F. Dominiczak Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Determines Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Dysfunction in Saphenous Veins From Patients With Coronary Artery Disease Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, January 1, 2006; 26(1): 218 - 223. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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N. L. Mills, H. Tornqvist, S. D. Robinson, M. Gonzalez, K. Darnley, W. MacNee, N. A. Boon, K. Donaldson, A. Blomberg, T. Sandstrom, et al. Diesel Exhaust Inhalation Causes Vascular Dysfunction and Impaired Endogenous Fibrinolysis Circulation, December 20, 2005; 112(25): 3930 - 3936. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. Hesse, H. Siedler, S. P. Luntz, B. M. Arendt, R. Goerlich, R. Fricker, M. Heer, and W. E. Haefeli Modulation of endothelial and smooth muscle function by bed rest and hypoenergetic, low-fat nutrition J Appl Physiol, December 1, 2005; 99(6): 2196 - 2203. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. Mollnau, M. Oelze, M. August, M. Wendt, A. Daiber, E. Schulz, S. Baldus, A. L. Kleschyov, A. Materne, P. Wenzel, et al. Mechanisms of Increased Vascular Superoxide Production in an Experimental Model of Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, December 1, 2005; 25(12): 2554 - 2559. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Ruano, J. Lopez-Miranda, F. Fuentes, J. A. Moreno, C. Bellido, P. Perez-Martinez, A. Lozano, P. Gomez, Y. Jimenez, and F. Perez Jimenez Phenolic Content of Virgin Olive Oil Improves Ischemic Reactive Hyperemia in Hypercholesterolemic Patients J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 15, 2005; 46(10): 1864 - 1868. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Svatikova, R. Wolk, L. O. Lerman, L. A. Juncos, E. L. Greene, J. P. McConnell, and V. K. Somers Oxidative stress in obstructive sleep apnoea Eur. Heart J., November 2, 2005; 26(22): 2435 - 2439. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. K. Bendall, N. J. Alp, N. Warrick, S. Cai, D. Adlam, K. Rockett, M. Yokoyama, S. Kawashima, and K. M. Channon Stoichiometric Relationships Between Endothelial Tetrahydrobiopterin, Endothelial NO Synthase (eNOS) Activity, and eNOS Coupling in Vivo: Insights From Transgenic Mice With Endothelial-Targeted GTP Cyclohydrolase 1 and eNOS Overexpression Circ. Res., October 28, 2005; 97(9): 864 - 871. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. G. Herman and S. Moncada Therapeutic potential of nitric oxide donors in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis Eur. Heart J., October 1, 2005; 26(19): 1945 - 1955. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J A Vita Endothelial function and clinical outcome Heart, October 1, 2005; 91(10): 1278 - 1279. [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Munzel, A. Daiber, and A. Mulsch Explaining the Phenomenon of Nitrate Tolerance Circ. Res., September 30, 2005; 97(7): 618 - 628. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. Schnabel, S. Blankenberg, E. Lubos, K. J. Lackner, H. J. Rupprecht, C. Espinola-Klein, N. Jachmann, F. Post, D. Peetz, C. Bickel, et al. Asymmetric Dimethylarginine and the Risk of Cardiovascular Events and Death in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: Results from the AtheroGene Study Circ. Res., September 2, 2005; 97(5): e53 - e59. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Sherwood, A. L. Hinderliter, L. L. Watkins, R. A. Waugh, and J. A. Blumenthal Impaired Endothelial Function in Coronary Heart Disease Patients With Depressive Symptomatology J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 16, 2005; 46(4): 656 - 659. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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V. Mellin, M. Isabelle, A. Oudot, C. Vergely-Vandriesse, C. Monteil, B. Di Meglio, J. P. Henry, B. Dautreaux, L. Rochette, C. Thuillez, et al. Transient reduction in myocardial free oxygen radical levels is involved in the improved cardiac function and structure after long-term allopurinol treatment initiated in established chronic heart failure Eur. Heart J., August 1, 2005; 26(15): 1544 - 1550. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. Thanyasiri, D. S. Celermajer, and M. R. Adams Endothelial dysfunction occurs in peripheral circulation patients with acute and stable coronary artery disease Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, August 1, 2005; 289(2): H513 - H517. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. Sydow, C. E Mondon, and J. P Cooke Insulin resistance: potential role of the endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor ADMA Vascular Medicine, July 1, 2005; 10(1_suppl): S35 - S43. [Abstract] [PDF]
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R. H Boger, E. Schwedhelm, R. Maas, S. Quispe-Bravo, and C. Skamira ADMA and oxidative stress may relate to the progression of renal disease: rationale and design of the VIVALDI study Vascular Medicine, July 1, 2005; 10(1_suppl): S97 - S102. [Abstract] [PDF]
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