doi: 10.1161/hc4301.098284
(Circulation. 2001;104:2182.)
© 2001 American Heart Association, Inc.
Clinical Investigation and Reports |
Vitamin C Inhibits Endothelial Cell Apoptosis in Congestive Heart Failure
From Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Frankfurt, Germany (L.R., J.H., A.H., A.A., A.M.Z., S.D.); INSERM U141, IFR "Circulation," Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (Z.M., A.T.); and Institut d’Hématologie et d’Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France (B.H., J.-M.F.).
Correspondence to Stefanie Dimmeler, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Cardiology, University of Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany. E-mail dimmeler{at}em.uni-frankfurt.de
Background— Proinflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor-
and oxidative stress induce apoptotic cell death in endothelial cells (ECs). Systemic inflammation and increased oxidative stress in congestive heart failure (CHF) coincide with enhanced EC apoptosis and the development of endothelial dysfunction. Therefore, we investigated the effects of antioxidative vitamin C therapy on EC apoptosis in CHF patients.
Methods and Results— Vitamin C dose dependently suppressed the induction of EC apoptosis by tumor necrosis factor- and angiotensin II in vitro as assessed by DNA fragmentation, DAPI nuclear staining, and MTT viability assay. The antiapoptotic effect of vitamin C was associated with reduced cytochrome C release from mitochondria and the inhibition of caspase-9 activity. To assess EC protection by vitamin C in CHF patients, we prospectively randomized CHF patients in a double-blind trial to vitamin C treatment versus placebo. Vitamin C administration to CHF patients markedly reduced plasma levels of circulating apoptotic microparticles to 32±8% of baseline levels, whereas placebo had no effect (87±14%, P<0.005). In addition, vitamin C administration suppressed the proapoptotic activity on EC of the serum of CHF patients (P<0.001).
Conclusions— Administration of vitamin C to CHF patients suppresses EC apoptosis in vivo, which might contribute to the established functional benefit of vitamin C supplementation on endothelial function.
Key Words: endothelium • apoptosis • inflammation • heart failure • antioxidants
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