Circulation. 2001;104:2158-2163
doi: 10.1161/hc4301.098254
doi: 10.1161/hc4301.098254
(Circulation. 2001;104:2158.)
© 2001 American Heart Association, Inc.
Clinical Investigation and Reports |
Sudden Cardiac Death in the United States, 1989 to 1998
From the Cardiovascular Health Branch, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga.
Correspondence to Dr Zhi-Jie Zheng, Cardiovascular Health Branch, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Mailstop K-47, Atlanta, GA 30341-3717. E-mail zzheng{at}cdc.gov
Background— Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a major clinical and public health problem.
Methods and Results— United States (US) vital statistics mortality data from 1989 to 1998 were analyzed. SCD is defined as deaths occurring out of the hospital or in the emergency room or as "dead on arrival" with an underlying cause of death reported as a cardiac disease (ICD-9 code 390 to 398, 402, or 404 to 429). Death rates were calculated for residents of the US aged 
35 years and standardized to the 2000 US population. Of 719 456 cardiac deaths among adults aged 35 years in 1998, 456 076 (63%) were defined as SCD. Among decedents aged 35 to 44 years, 74% of cardiac deaths were SCD. Of all SCDs in 1998, coronary heart disease (ICD-9 codes 410 to 414) was the underlying cause on 62% of death certificates. Death rates for SCD increased with age and were higher in men than women, although there was no difference at age 85 years. The black population had higher death rates for SCD than white, American Indian/Alaska Native, or Asian/Pacific Islander populations. The Hispanic population had lower death rates for SCD than the non-Hispanic population. From 1989 to 1998, SCD, as the proportion of all cardiac deaths, increased 12.4% (56.3% to 63.9%), and age-adjusted SCD rates declined 11.7% in men and 5.8% in women. During the same time, age-specific death rates for SCD increased 21% among women aged 35 to 44 years.
Conclusions— SCD remains an important public health problem in the US. The increase in death rates for SCD among younger women warrants additional investigation.
Key Words: death, sudden • heart diseases • mortality • epidemiology
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  E. Z. Soliman, M. A. Elsalam, and Y. Li The relationship between high resting heart rate and ventricular arrhythmogenesis in patients referred to ambulatory 24 h electrocardiographic recording Europace, November 3, 2009; (2009) eup344v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R J Sung and N-Y Chan Practice viewpoints: AICD, who and when? Heart Asia, October 15, 2009; 2009(10): 7 - 9. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Yannopoulos, M. Zviman, V. Castro, A. Kolandaivelu, R. Ranjan, R. F. Wilson, and H. R. Halperin Intra-Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Hypothermia With and Without Volume Loading in an Ischemic Model of Cardiac Arrest Circulation, October 6, 2009; 120(14): 1426 - 1435. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C R TAPPING and A D CULVERWELL Are radiologists able to manage serious anaphylactic reactions and cardiopulmonary arrest? Br. J. Radiol., October 1, 2009; 82(982): 793 - 799. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. E. Billman Cardiac autonomic neural remodeling and susceptibility to sudden cardiac death: effect of endurance exercise training Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, October 1, 2009; 297(4): H1171 - H1193. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. J. Shaw, J. K. Min, M. Budoff, H. Gransar, A. Rozanski, S. W. Hayes, J. D. Friedman, R. Miranda, N. D. Wong, and D. S. Berman Induced cardiovascular procedural costs and resource consumption patterns after coronary artery calcium screening: results from the EISNER (Early Identification of Subclinical Atherosclerosis by Noninvasive Imaging Research) study. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 29, 2009; 54(14): 1258 - 1267. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. S. Leon and U. G. Bronas Pathophysiology of Coronary Heart Disease and Biological Mechanisms for the Cardioprotective Effects of Regular Aerobic Exercise American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, September 1, 2009; 3(5): 379 - 385. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. M. Merchant, L. B. Becker, B. S. Abella, D. A. Asch, and P. W. Groeneveld Cost-Effectiveness of Therapeutic Hypothermia After Cardiac Arrest Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes, September 1, 2009; 2(5): 421 - 428. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. L. Akylbekova, R. S. Crow, W. D. Johnson, S. G. Buxbaum, S. Njemanze, E. Fox, D. F. Sarpong, H. A. Taylor, and C. Newton-Cheh Clinical Correlates and Heritability of QT Interval Duration in Blacks: The Jackson Heart Study Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol, August 1, 2009; 2(4): 427 - 432. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Zaman, G. Sivagangabalan, A. Narayan, A. Thiagalingam, D. L. Ross, and P. Kovoor Outcomes of Early Risk Stratification and Targeted Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Implantation After ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Treated With Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Circulation, July 21, 2009; 120(3): 194 - 200. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. P. Daubert Why Are (Only) Some Infarcted Hearts Arrhythmogenic? J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 7, 2009; 54(2): 174 - 175. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Hollenberg, G. Riva, K. Bohm, P. Nordberg, R. Larsen, J. Herlitz, H. Pettersson, M. Rosenqvist, and L. Svensson Dual dispatch early defibrillation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: the SALSA-pilot Eur. Heart J., July 2, 2009; 30(14): 1781 - 1789. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. C. Korngold, J. L. Januzzi Jr, M. L. Gantzer, M.V. Moorthy, N. R. Cook, and C. M. Albert Amino-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein as Predictors of Sudden Cardiac Death Among Women Circulation, June 9, 2009; 119(22): 2868 - 2876. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. G. Garza, M. C. Gratton, J. A. Salomone, D. Lindholm, J. McElroy, and R. Archer Improved Patient Survival Using a Modified Resuscitation Protocol for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Circulation, May 19, 2009; 119(19): 2597 - 2605. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. C. Reynolds, C. W. Callaway, S. R. El Khoudary, C. G. Moore, R. J. Alvarez, and J. C. Rittenberger Review of A Large Clinical Series: Coronary Angiography Predicts Improved Outcome Following Cardiac Arrest: Propensity-adjusted Analysis J Intensive Care Med, May 1, 2009; 24(3): 179 - 186. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Boriani, M. Biffi, C. Martignani, I. Diemberger, C. Valzania, M. Bertini, and A. Branzi Expenditure and value for money: the challenge of implantable cardioverter defibrillators QJM, May 1, 2009; 102(5): 349 - 356. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. J. Sparrow, N. Merchant, Y. L. Provost, D. J. Doyle, E. T. Nguyen, and N. S. Paul CT and MR Imaging Findings in Patients with Acquired Heart Disease at Risk for Sudden Cardiac Death1 RadioGraphics, May 1, 2009; 29(3): 805 - 823. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. A. Woodcock, P. M. Kistler, and Y.-K. Ju Phosphoinositide signalling and cardiac arrhythmias Cardiovasc Res, May 1, 2009; 82(2): 286 - 295. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Shephard and C. Semsarian Advances in the prevention of sudden cardiac death in the young Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease, April 1, 2009; 3(2): 145 - 155. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. S. Harris, D. Mozaffarian, M. Lefevre, C. D. Toner, J. Colombo, S. C. Cunnane, J. M. Holden, D. M. Klurfeld, M. C. Morris, and J. Whelan Towards Establishing Dietary Reference Intakes for Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acids J. Nutr., April 1, 2009; 139(4): 804S - 819S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Setoguchi, A. Nohria, J. A. Rassen, L. W. Stevenson, and S. Schneeweiss Maximum potential benefit of implantable defibrillators in preventing sudden death after hospital admission because of heart failure Can. Med. Assoc. J., March 17, 2009; 180(6): 611 - 616. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. M. Narayan and M. B. Stein Do depression or antidepressants increase cardiovascular mortality? The absence of proof might be more important than the proof of absence. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 17, 2009; 53(11): 959 - 961. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. J. Rashba Anger management may save your life new insights into emotional precipitants of ventricular arrhythmias. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 3, 2009; 53(9): 779 - 781. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. A. Koplan and W. G. Stevenson Ventricular Tachycardia and Sudden Cardiac Death Mayo Clin. Proc., March 1, 2009; 84(3): 289 - 297. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W.H. L. Kao, D. E. Arking, W. Post, T. D. Rea, N. Sotoodehnia, R. J. Prineas, B. Bishe, B. Q. Doan, E. Boerwinkle, B. M. Psaty, et al. Genetic Variations in Nitric Oxide Synthase 1 Adaptor Protein Are Associated With Sudden Cardiac Death in US White Community-Based Populations Circulation, February 24, 2009; 119(7): 940 - 951. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Iwami, G. Nichol, A. Hiraide, Y. Hayashi, T. Nishiuchi, K. Kajino, H. Morita, H. Yukioka, H. Ikeuchi, H. Sugimoto, et al. Continuous Improvements in "Chain of Survival" Increased Survival After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests: A Large-Scale Population-Based Study Circulation, February 10, 2009; 119(5): 728 - 734. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. A. Ewy and K. B. Kern Recent advances in cardiopulmonary resuscitation: cardiocerebral resuscitation. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 13, 2009; 53(2): 149 - 157. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Burst Stimulation Improves Hemodynamics During Resuscitation after Prolonged Ventricular Fibrillation. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol, January 1, 2009; 2: 57 - 62.
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. J. Bobrow, M. Zuercher, G. A. Ewy, L. Clark, V. Chikani, D. Donahue, A. B. Sanders, R. W. Hilwig, R. A. Berg, and K. B. Kern Gasping During Cardiac Arrest in Humans Is Frequent and Associated With Improved Survival Circulation, December 9, 2008; 118(24): 2550 - 2554. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. W. Neumar, J. P. Nolan, C. Adrie, M. Aibiki, R. A. Berg, B. W. Bottiger, C. Callaway, R. S.B. Clark, R. G. Geocadin, E. C. Jauch, et al. Post-Cardiac Arrest Syndrome: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Treatment, and Prognostication A Consensus Statement From the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (American Heart Association, Australian and New Zealand Council on Resuscitation, European Resuscitation Council, Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, InterAmerican Heart Foundation, Resuscitation Council of Asia, and the Resuscitation Council of Southern Africa); the American Heart Association Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee; the Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia; the Council on Cardiopulmonary, Perioperative, and Critical Care; the Council on Clinical Cardiology; and the Stroke Council Circulation, December 2, 2008; 118(23): 2452 - 2483. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Breitenstein, S.F. Stampfli, G.G. Camici, A. Akhmedov, H.R. Ha, F. Follath, A. Bogdanova, T.F. Luscher, and F.C. Tanner Amiodarone Inhibits Arterial Thrombus Formation and Tissue Factor Translation Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, December 1, 2008; 28(12): 2231 - 2238. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. A. Noseworthy and C. Newton-Cheh Genetic Determinants of Sudden Cardiac Death Circulation, October 28, 2008; 118(18): 1854 - 1863. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Rosso, E. Kogan, B. Belhassen, U. Rozovski, M. M. Scheinman, D. Zeltser, A. Halkin, A. Steinvil, K. Heller, M. Glikson, et al. J-Point Elevation in Survivors of Primary Ventricular Fibrillation and Matched Control Subjects: Incidence and Clinical Significance J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 7, 2008; 52(15): 1231 - 1238. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. K. Triedman Should patients with congenital heart disease and a systemic ventricular ejection fraction less than 30% undergo prophylactic implantation of an ICD?: Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Implantation Guidelines Based Solely on Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Do Not Apply to Adults With Congenital Heart Disease Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol, October 1, 2008; 1(4): 307 - 316. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Council on School Health Medical Emergencies Occurring at School Pediatrics, October 1, 2008; 122(4): 887 - 894. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Ding, W. Hua, H. Niu, K. Chen, and S. Zhang Primary prevention of sudden cardiac death using implantable cardioverter defibrillators Europace, September 1, 2008; 10(9): 1034 - 1041. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. A. Herzog, J. W. Strief, A. J. Collins, and D. T. Gilbertson Cause-specific mortality of dialysis patients after coronary revascularization: why don't dialysis patients have better survival after coronary intervention? Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., August 1, 2008; 23(8): 2629 - 2633. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Hollenberg, J. Herlitz, J. Lindqvist, G. Riva, K. Bohm, M. Rosenqvist, and L. Svensson Improved Survival After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Is Associated With an Increase in Proportion of Emergency Crew-Witnessed Cases and Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Circulation, July 22, 2008; 118(4): 389 - 396. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. S Harris The omega-3 index as a risk factor for coronary heart disease Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, June 1, 2008; 87(6): 1997S - 2002S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Byrne, O. Constant, Y. Smyth, G. Callagy, P. Nash, K. Daly, and J. Crowley Multiple source surveillance incidence and aetiology of out-of-hospital sudden cardiac death in a rural population in the West of Ireland Eur. Heart J., June 1, 2008; 29(11): 1418 - 1423. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Deo, F. Lin, E. Vittinghoff, Z. H. Tseng, S. B. Hulley, and M. G. Shlipak Kidney Dysfunction and Sudden Cardiac Death Among Women With Coronary Heart Disease Hypertension, June 1, 2008; 51(6): 1578 - 1582. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. L. Vetter, J. Elia, C. Erickson, S. Berger, N. Blum, K. Uzark, and C. L. Webb Cardiovascular Monitoring of Children and Adolescents With Heart Disease Receiving Medications for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young Congenital Cardiac Defects Committee and the Council on Cardiovascular Nursing Circulation, May 6, 2008; 117(18): 2407 - 2423. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. L. Carroll and G. A. Hamilton Long-term Effects of Implanted Cardioverter-Defibrillators on Health Status, Quality of Life, and Psychological State Am. J. Crit. Care., May 1, 2008; 17(3): 222 - 230. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Nichol, J. Rumsfeld, B. Eigel, B. S. Abella, D. Labarthe, Y. Hong, R. E. O'Connor, V. N. Mosesso, R. A. Berg, B. B. Leeper, et al. Essential Features of Designating Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest as a Reportable Event: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee; Council on Cardiopulmonary, Perioperative, and Critical Care; Council on Cardiovascular Nursing; Council on Clinical Cardiology; and Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group Circulation, April 29, 2008; 117(17): 2299 - 2308. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. J. Bobrow, L. L. Clark, G. A. Ewy, V. Chikani, A. B. Sanders, R. A. Berg, P. B. Richman, and K. B. Kern Minimally Interrupted Cardiac Resuscitation by Emergency Medical Services for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest JAMA, March 12, 2008; 299(10): 1158 - 1165. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. de Lorgeril, P. Salen, T. Corcos, P. Defaye, M. Juneau, B. Pavy, and N. Saoudi Is moderate drinking as effective as cholesterol lowering in reducing mortality in high-risk coronary patients? Eur. Heart J., January 1, 2008; 29(1): 4 - 6. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. M. Albert, E. G. Nam, E. B. Rimm, H. W. Jin, R. J. Hajjar, D. J. Hunter, C. A. MacRae, and P. T. Ellinor Cardiac Sodium Channel Gene Variants and Sudden Cardiac Death in Women Circulation, January 1, 2008; 117(1): 16 - 23. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. M. Narayan, M. R. Franz, G. Lalani, J. Kim, and A. Sastry T-Wave Alternans, Restitution of Human Action Potential Duration, and Outcome J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., December 18, 2007; 50(25): 2385 - 2392. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Boriani, R. Ricci, T. Toselli, R. Ferrari, A. Branzi, and M. Santini Implantable cardioverter defibrillators: from evidence of trials to clinical practice Eur. Heart J. Suppl., December 1, 2007; 9(suppl_I): I66 - I73. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Halperin, N. Paradis, V. Mosesso Jr, G. Nichol, M. Sayre, J. P. Ornato, M. Gerardi, V. M. Nadkarni, R. Berg, L. Becker, et al. Recommendations for Implementation of Community Consultation and Public Disclosure Under the Food and Drug Administration's "Exception From Informed Consent Requirements for Emergency Research": A Special Report From the American Heart Association Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee and Council on Cardiopulmonary, Perioperative and Critical Care: Endorsed by the American College of Emergency Physicians and the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Circulation, October 16, 2007; 116(16): 1855 - 1863. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. H. Curtis, S. M. Al-Khatib, A. M. Shea, B. G. Hammill, A. F. Hernandez, and K. A. Schulman Sex Differences in the Use of Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators for Primary and Secondary Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death JAMA, October 3, 2007; 298(13): 1517 - 1524. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. F. Hernandez, G. C. Fonarow, L. Liang, S. M. Al-Khatib, L. H. Curtis, K. A. LaBresh, C. W. Yancy, N. M. Albert, and E. D. Peterson Sex and Racial Differences in the Use of Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators Among Patients Hospitalized With Heart Failure JAMA, October 3, 2007; 298(13): 1525 - 1532. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. H Ibrahim Recent advances and controversies in adult cardiopulmonary resuscitation Postgrad. Med. J., October 1, 2007; 83(984): 649 - 654. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. E. Buxton, K. L. Lee, G. E. Hafley, L. A. Pires, J. D. Fisher, M. R. Gold, M. E. Josephson, M. H. Lehmann, E. N. Prystowsky, and for the MUSTT Investigators Limitations of Ejection Fraction for Prediction of Sudden Death Risk in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: Lessons From the MUSTT Study J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 18, 2007; 50(12): 1150 - 1157. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. K. Grogaard, L. Wik, M. Eriksen, M. Brekke, and K. Sunde Continuous Mechanical Chest Compressions During Cardiac Arrest to Facilitate Restoration of Coronary Circulation With Percutaneous Coronary Intervention J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 11, 2007; 50(11): 1093 - 1094. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S Galea, S Blaney, A Nandi, R Silverman, D Vlahov, G Foltin, M Kusick, M Tunik, and N Richmond Explaining Racial Disparities in Incidence of and Survival from Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Am. J. Epidemiol., September 1, 2007; 166(5): 534 - 543. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Ali and A. M. Zafari Narrative Review: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care: Review of the Current Guidelines Ann Intern Med, August 7, 2007; 147(3): 171 - 179. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. J. Cantillon, K. M. Stein, S. M. Markowitz, S. Mittal, B. K. Shah, D. P. Morin, E. S. Zacks, M. Janik, S. Ageno, A. C. Mauer, et al. Predictive Value of Microvolt T-Wave Alternans in Patients With Left Ventricular Dysfunction J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 10, 2007; 50(2): 166 - 173. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. H. Birnie MB ChB MD, C. Sambell BSc, H. Johansen PhD, K. Williams MS, R. Lemery MD, M. S. Green MD, M. H. Gollob MD, D. S. Lee MD PhD, and A. S.L. Tang MD Use of implantable cardioverter defibrillators in Canadian and US survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest Can. Med. Assoc. J., July 3, 2007; 177(1): 41 - 46. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. L. Jardine, C. J. Charles, C. M. Frampton, and A. M. Richards Cardiac sympathetic nerve activity and ventricular fibrillation during acute myocardial infarction in a conscious sheep model Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, July 1, 2007; 293(1): H433 - H439. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. T Carew, W. Zhang, and T. D Rea Chronic health conditions and survival after out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest Heart, June 1, 2007; 93(6): 728 - 731. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. G. Tingley, L. Pawlikowska, J. G. Zaroff, T. Kim, T. Nguyen, S. G. Young, K. Vranizan, P.-Y. Kwok, M. A. Whooley, and B. R. Conklin Gene-trapped mouse embryonic stem cell-derived cardiac myocytes and human genetics implicate AKAP10 in heart rhythm regulation PNAS, May 15, 2007; 104(20): 8461 - 8466. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. J. Zimetbaum A 59-Year-Old Man Considering Implantation of a Cardiac Defibrillator JAMA, May 2, 2007; 297(17): 1909 - 1916. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. G. Stiell, R. G. Walker, L. P. Nesbitt, F. W. Chapman, D. Cousineau, J. Christenson, P. Bradford, S. Sookram, R. Berringer, P. Lank, et al. BIPHASIC Trial: A Randomized Comparison of Fixed Lower Versus Escalating Higher Energy Levels for Defibrillation in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Circulation, March 27, 2007; 115(12): 1511 - 1517. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. C. Keeley and L. D. Hillis Primary PCI for Myocardial Infarction with ST-Segment Elevation N. Engl. J. Med., January 4, 2007; 356(1): 47 - 54. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. L. Weisfeldt and S. J. Zieman Advances In The Prevention And Treatment Of Cardiovascular Disease Health Aff., January 1, 2007; 26(1): 25 - 37. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. D. Rea, M. Helbock, S. Perry, M. Garcia, D. Cloyd, L. Becker, and M. Eisenberg Increasing Use of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation During Out-of-Hospital Ventricular Fibrillation Arrest: Survival Implications of Guideline Changes Circulation, December 19, 2006; 114(25): 2760 - 2765. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Losert, F. Sterz, K. Kohler, G. Sodeck, R. Fleischhackl, P. Eisenburger, A. Kliegel, H. Herkner, H. Myklebust, J. Nysaether, et al. Quality of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Among Highly Trained Staff in an Emergency Department Setting Arch Intern Med, November 27, 2006; 166(21): 2375 - 2380. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Developed in Collaboration With the European Heart, D. P. Zipes, A. J. Camm, M. Borggrefe, A. E. Buxton, B. Chaitman, M. Fromer, G. Gregoratos, G. Klein, A. J. Moss, et al. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death--Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 5, 2006; 48(5): 1064 - 1108. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Developed in Collaboration With the European Heart, D. P. Zipes, A. J. Camm, M. Borggrefe, A. E. Buxton, B. Chaitman, M. Fromer, G. Gregoratos, G. Klein, A. J. Moss, et al. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 5, 2006; 48(5): e247 - e346. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. P. Zipes, D. P. Zipes, A. J. Camm, M. Borggrefe, A. E. Buxton, B. Chaitman, M. Fromer, G. Gregoratos, G. Klein, A. J. Moss, et al. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death--executive summary: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for Management of Patients with Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death) Developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society. Eur. Heart J., September 1, 2006; 27(17): 2099 - 2140. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Writing Committee Members, D. P. Zipes, A. J. Camm, M. Borggrefe, A. E. Buxton, B. Chaitman, M. Fromer, G. Gregoratos, G. Klein, A. J. Moss, et al. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death) Developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society Europace, September 1, 2006; 8(9): 746 - 837. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. E. H. Ong, J. P. Ornato, D. P. Edwards, H. S. Dhindsa, A. M. Best, C. S. Ines, S. Hickey, B. Clark, D. C. Williams, R. G. Powell, et al. Use of an automated, load-distributing band chest compression device for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest resuscitation. JAMA, June 14, 2006; 295(22): 2629 - 2637. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Gerber, S. J. Jacobsen, R. L. Frye, S. A. Weston, J. M. Killian, and V. L. Roger Secular Trends in Deaths From Cardiovascular Diseases: A 25-Year Community Study Circulation, May 16, 2006; 113(19): 2285 - 2292. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. A. Cesario and G. W. Dec Implantable Cardioverter- Defibrillator Therapy in Clinical Practice J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 18, 2006; 47(8): 1507 - 1517. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Sotoodehnia, D. S. Siscovick, M. Vatta, B. M. Psaty, R. P. Tracy, J. A. Towbin, R. N. Lemaitre, T. D. Rea, J. P. Durda, J. M. Chang, et al. {beta}2-Adrenergic Receptor Genetic Variants and Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death Circulation, April 18, 2006; 113(15): 1842 - 1848. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Aufderheide, M. F. Hazinski, G. Nichol, S. S. Steffens, A. Buroker, R. McCune, E. Stapleton, V. Nadkarni, J. Potts, R. R. Ramirez, et al. Community Lay Rescuer Automated External Defibrillation Programs: Key State Legislative Components and Implementation Strategies: A Summary of a Decade of Experience for Healthcare Providers, Policymakers, Legislators, Employers, and Community Leaders From the American Heart Association Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology, and Office of State Advocacy Circulation, March 7, 2006; 113(9): 1260 - 1270. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Anand, A. N Mooss, and S. M Mohiuddin Review: Aldosterone Inhibition Reduces the Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death in Patients with Heart Failure Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, March 1, 2006; 7(1): 15 - 19. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. W. Israel and S. H. Hohnloser Automated external defibrillation in emergency medical systems: what has been achieved and where to go? Eur. Heart J., March 1, 2006; 27(5): 508 - 509. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Thom, N. Haase, W. Rosamond, V. J. Howard, J. Rumsfeld, T. Manolio, Z.-J. Zheng, K. Flegal, C. O'Donnell, S. Kittner, et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics--2006 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee Circulation, February 14, 2006; 113(6): e85 - e151. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. M. Narayan T-Wave Alternans and the Susceptibility to Ventricular Arrhythmias J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 17, 2006; 47(2): 269 - 281. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|