(Circulation. 2000;102:1014.)
© 2000 American Heart Association, Inc.
Clinical Investigation and Reports |
From the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (K.M.); the Preventive Cardiology and Therapeutics Program (S.Y., J.B., F.Z.) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.C.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia (D.H.); Dante Pazzanese Cardiology Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil (L.P.); Rush-Presbyterian St. Lukes Medical Center, Chicago, Ill (J.C.); Hungary Institute of Cardiology, Budapest, Hungary (M.K.); and Postgraduate Medical School, Grochowski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland (A.B.).
BackgroundAlthough unstable coronary artery disease is the most common reason for admission to a coronary care unit, the long-term prognosis of patients with this diagnosis is unknown. This is particularly true for patients with diabetes mellitus, who are known to have a high morbidity and mortality after an acute myocardial infarction.
Methods and ResultsProspectively collected data from 6 different countries in the Organization to Assess Strategies for Ischemic Syndromes (OASIS) registry were analyzed to determine the 2-year prognosis of diabetic and nondiabetic patients who were hospitalized with unstable angina or nonQ-wave myocardial infarction. Overall, 1718 of 8013 registry patients (21%) had diabetes. Diabetic patients had a higher rate of coronary bypass surgery than nondiabetic patients (23% versus 20%, P<0.001) but had similar rates of catheterization and angioplasty. Diabetes independently predicted mortality (relative risk [RR], 1.57; 95% CI, 1.38 to 1.81; P<0.001), as well as cardiovascular death, new myocardial infarction, stroke, and new congestive heart failure. Moreover, compared with their nondiabetic counterparts, women had a significantly higher risk than men (RR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.60 to 2.44; and RR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.56, respectively). Interestingly, diabetic patients without prior cardiovascular disease had the same event rates for all outcomes as nondiabetic patients with previous vascular disease.
ConclusionsHospitalization for unstable angina or nonQ-wave myocardial infarction predicts a high 2-year morbidity and mortality; this is especially evident for patients with diabetes. Diabetic patients with no previous cardiovascular disease have the same long-term morbidity and mortality as nondiabetic patients with established cardiovascular disease after hospitalization for unstable coronary artery disease.
Key Words: diabetes mellitus angina myocardial infarction prognosis
This article has been cited by other articles:
![]() |
A. Z. Fu, Y. Qiu, L. Radican, and B. J. Wells Health Care and Productivity Costs Associated With Diabetic Patients With Macrovascular Comorbid Conditions Diabetes Care, December 1, 2009; 32(12): 2187 - 2192. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. E Farkouh Review: diabetes is not a coronary disease equivalent Evid. Based Med., October 1, 2009; 14(5): 136 - 137. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
The BARI 2D Study Group A Randomized Trial of Therapies for Type 2 Diabetes and Coronary Artery Disease N. Engl. J. Med., June 11, 2009; 360(24): 2503 - 2515. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. W. Worm, S. De Wit, R. Weber, C. A. Sabin, P. Reiss, W. El-Sadr, A. D. Monforte, O. Kirk, E. Fontas, F. Dabis, et al. Diabetes Mellitus, Preexisting Coronary Heart Disease, and the Risk of Subsequent Coronary Heart Disease Events in Patients Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: The Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs (D:A:D Study) Circulation, February 17, 2009; 119(6): 805 - 811. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
F. Cosentino, L. Rydén, P. Francia, and L. G. Mellbin CHAPTER 14 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndrome ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, January 1, 2009; 2(1): med-9780199566990-chapter - med-9780199566990-chapter. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
W T. Cade Diabetes-Related Microvascular and Macrovascular Diseases in the Physical Therapy Setting Physical Therapy, November 1, 2008; 88(11): 1322 - 1335. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. D. Wiviott, E. Braunwald, D. J. Angiolillo, S. Meisel, A. J. Dalby, F. W.A. Verheugt, S. G. Goodman, R. Corbalan, D. A. Purdy, S. A. Murphy, et al. Greater Clinical Benefit of More Intensive Oral Antiplatelet Therapy With Prasugrel in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus in the Trial to Assess Improvement in Therapeutic Outcomes by Optimizing Platelet Inhibition With Prasugrel-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 38 Circulation, October 14, 2008; 118(16): 1626 - 1636. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Natarajan, A. G Zaman, and S. M Marshall Platelet hyperactivity in type 2 diabetes: role of antiplatelet agents Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research, June 1, 2008; 5(2): 138 - 144. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Dickinson, D. P Hancock, P. Petocz, A. Ceriello, and J. Brand-Miller High-glycemic index carbohydrate increases nuclear factor-{kappa}B activation in mononuclear cells of young, lean healthy subjects Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, May 1, 2008; 87(5): 1188 - 1193. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. Ohno, S. Takamoto, and N. Motomura Diabetic Retinopathy and Coronary Artery Disease From the Cardiac Surgeon's Perspective Ann. Thorac. Surg., February 1, 2008; 85(2): 681 - 689. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H. Wienbergen, J. Senges, and A. K. Gitt Should We Prescribe Statin and Aspirin for Every Diabetic Patient?: Is it time for a polypill? Diabetes Care, February 1, 2008; 31(Supplement_2): S222 - S225. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. W. Nesto LDL Cholesterol Lowering in Type 2 Diabetes: What Is the Optimum Approach? Clin. Diabetes, January 1, 2008; 26(1): 8 - 13. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Kapur and R. De Palma Mortality after myocardial infarction in patients with diabetes mellitus Heart, December 1, 2007; 93(12): 1504 - 1506. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Norhammar, J. Lindback, L. Ryden, L. Wallentin, U. Stenestrand, and on behalf of the Register of Information and Knowl Improved but still high short- and long-term mortality rates after myocardial infarction in patients with diabetes mellitus: a time-trend report from the Swedish Register of Information and Knowledge about Swedish Heart Intensive Care Admission Heart, December 1, 2007; 93(12): 1577 - 1583. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. M. Westerhout, M. S. Lauer, S. James, Y. Fu, L. Wallentin, P. W. Armstrong, and for the GUSTO IV ACS Investigators Electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy in GUSTO IV ACS: an important risk marker of mortality in women Eur. Heart J., September 1, 2007; 28(17): 2064 - 2069. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. M. Donahoe, G. C. Stewart, C. H. McCabe, S. Mohanavelu, S. A. Murphy, C. P. Cannon, and E. M. Antman Diabetes and Mortality Following Acute Coronary Syndromes JAMA, August 15, 2007; 298(7): 765 - 775. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Wong, F. Tan, and P. Lee The State of Lipid Control in Patients with Diabetes in a Public Health Care Centre Asia Pac J Public Health, July 1, 2007; 19(3): 16 - 21. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Authors/Task Force Members, L. Ryden, E. Standl, M. Bartnik, G. V. d. Berghe, J. Betteridge, M.-J. de Boer, F. Cosentino, B. Jonsson, M. Laakso, et al. Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases: full text: The Task Force on Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) Eur. Heart J. Suppl., June 1, 2007; 9(suppl_C): C3 - C74. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. S. Fox, S. Coady, P. D. Sorlie, R. B. D'Agostino Sr, M. J. Pencina, R. S. Vasan, J. B. Meigs, D. Levy, and P. J. Savage Increasing Cardiovascular Disease Burden Due to Diabetes Mellitus: The Framingham Heart Study Circulation, March 27, 2007; 115(12): 1544 - 1550. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. H. Mehta, S. Milford-Beland, E. D. Peterson, D. L. Bhatt, M. E. Farkouh, G. X. Brogan, W. B. Gibler, E. M. Ohman, and M. T. Roe Characterizing Young Patients With Diabetes and Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes Diabetes Care, March 1, 2007; 30(3): 731 - 733. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. Reasner Rational therapy of mixed dyslipidaemia in a patient with diabetes The British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease, January 1, 2007; 7(1): 25 - 30. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. M. Westerhout, Y. Fu, M. S. Lauer, S. James, P. W. Armstrong, E. Al-Hattab, R. M. Califf, M. L. Simoons, L. Wallentin, E. Boersma, et al. Short- and Long-Term Risk Stratification in Acute Coronary Syndromes: The Added Value of Quantitative ST-Segment Depression and Multiple Biomarkers J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 5, 2006; 48(5): 939 - 947. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. P Gale, C. Kashinath, and P. Brooksby The association between hyperglycaemia and elevated troponin levels on mortality in acute coronary syndromes Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research, September 1, 2006; 3(2): 80 - 83. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Sulfi and A. D Timmis Review: Heart failure complicating acute myocardial infarction in patients with diabetes: pathophysiology and management strategies The British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease, September 1, 2006; 6(5): 191 - 196. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. H. Knopp, M. d'Emden, J. G. Smilde, S. J. Pocock, and on behalf of the ASPEN Study Group Efficacy and Safety of Atorvastatin in the Prevention of Cardiovascular End Points in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes: The Atorvastatin Study for Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease Endpoints in Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (ASPEN) Diabetes Care, July 1, 2006; 29(7): 1478 - 1485. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. S. Brown, E. Vittinghoff, F. Lin, L. M. Nyberg, J. W. Kusek, and A. M. Kanaya Prevalence and Risk Factors for Urinary Incontinence in Women With Type 2 Diabetes and Impaired Fasting Glucose: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2002. Diabetes Care, June 1, 2006; 29(6): 1307 - 1312. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Z. T. Bloomgarden Cardiovascular Disease Diabetes Care, May 1, 2006; 29(5): 1160 - 1166. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
B. V. Howard, L. G. Best, J. M. Galloway, W. J. Howard, K. Jones, E. T. Lee, R. E. Ratner, H. E. Resnick, and R. B. Devereux Coronary Heart Disease Risk Equivalence in Diabetes Depends on Concomitant Risk Factors Diabetes Care, February 1, 2006; 29(2): 391 - 397. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. M. Grundy Diabetes and Coronary Risk Equivalency: What does it mean? Diabetes Care, February 1, 2006; 29(2): 457 - 460. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H. N. Ginsberg REVIEW: Efficacy and Mechanisms of Action of Statins in the Treatment of Diabetic Dyslipidemia J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., February 1, 2006; 91(2): 383 - 392. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. Scognamiglio, C. Negut, A. Ramondo, A. Tiengo, and A. Avogaro Detection of Coronary Artery Disease in Asymptomatic Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 3, 2006; 47(1): 65 - 71. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. A Leiter, D J. Betteridge, A. R Chacra, A. Chait, E. Ferrannini, S. M Haffner, T. Kadowaki, J. Tuomilehto, P. Zimmet, C. B Newman, et al. AUDIT study. Evidence of global undertreatment of dyslipidaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus The British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease, January 1, 2006; 6(1): 31 - 40. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. Scognamiglio, C. Negut, A. Ramondo, A. Tiengo, and A. Avogaro Detection of Coronary Artery Disease in Asymptomatic Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., December 13, 2005; (2005) j.jacc.2005.10.008v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H. Zhou, D. J.M. Isaman, S. Messinger, M. B. Brown, R. Klein, M. Brandle, and W. H. Herman A Computer Simulation Model of Diabetes Progression, Quality of Life, and Cost Diabetes Care, December 1, 2005; 28(12): 2856 - 2863. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Juutilainen, S. Lehto, T. Ronnemaa, K. Pyorala, and M. Laakso Type 2 Diabetes as a "Coronary Heart Disease Equivalent": An 18-year prospective population-based study in Finnish subjects Diabetes Care, December 1, 2005; 28(12): 2901 - 2907. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. Heeschen Biomarkers in acute coronary syndromes and their role in diabetic patients Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research, October 1, 2005; 2(3): 122 - 127. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. M Safley and S. P Marso Diabetes and percutaneous coronary intervention in the setting of an acute coronary syndrome Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research, October 1, 2005; 2(3): 128 - 135. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Bartnik, K. Malmberg, and L. Ryden Management of patients with type 2 diabetes after acute coronary syndromes Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research, October 1, 2005; 2(3): 144 - 154. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Roffi Early invasive strategy in the diabetic patient with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes Eur. Heart J. Suppl., October 1, 2005; 7(suppl_K): K19 - K22. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Z. T. Bloomgarden Inflammation, Atherosclerosis, and Aspects of Insulin Action Diabetes Care, September 1, 2005; 28(9): 2312 - 2319. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
B. Staels and J.-C. Fruchart Therapeutic Roles of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Agonists Diabetes, August 1, 2005; 54(8): 2460 - 2470. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. Whiteley, S. Padmanabhan, D. Hole, and C. Isles Should Diabetes Be Considered a Coronary Heart Disease Risk Equivalent?: Results from 25 years of follow-up in the Renfrew and Paisley Survey Diabetes Care, July 1, 2005; 28(7): 1588 - 1593. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A.-M. Svensson, D. K. McGuire, P. Abrahamsson, and M. Dellborg Association between hyper- and hypoglycaemia and 2 year all-cause mortality risk in diabetic patients with acute coronary events Eur. Heart J., July 1, 2005; 26(13): 1255 - 1261. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H. S. Gurm, I. J. Sarembock, D. J. Kereiakes, J. J. Young, R. A. Harrington, N. Kleiman, F. Feit, K. Wolski, J. A. Bittl, R. Wilcox, et al. Use of Bivalirudin During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: An Analysis From the Randomized Evaluation in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Linking Angiomax to Reduced Clinical Events (REPLACE)-2 Trial J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 21, 2005; 45(12): 1932 - 1938. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. de Araujo Goncalves, J. Ferreira, C. Aguiar, and R. Seabra-Gomes TIMI, PURSUIT, and GRACE risk scores: sustained prognostic value and interaction with revascularization in NSTE-ACS Eur. Heart J., May 1, 2005; 26(9): 865 - 872. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
F. A. McAlister, S. R. Majumdar, S. Blitz, B. H. Rowe, J. Romney, and T. J. Marrie The Relation Between Hyperglycemia and Outcomes in 2,471 Patients Admitted to the Hospital With Community-Acquired Pneumonia Diabetes Care, April 1, 2005; 28(4): 810 - 815. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. D. Persell and D. W. Baker Aspirin Use Among Adults With Diabetes: Recent Trends and Emerging Sex Disparities Arch Intern Med, December 13, 2004; 164(22): 2492 - 2499. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S G Wannamethee, A G Shaper, and L Lennon Cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality in older men with diabetes and in men with coronary heart disease Heart, December 1, 2004; 90(12): 1398 - 1403. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. K. Taneja, J. Collinson, M. D. Flather, A. Bakhai, D. P. de Arenaza, D. Wang, J. Adgey, and K. A.A. Fox Mortality following non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome: 4 years follow-up of the PRAIS UK Registry (Prospective Registry of Acute Ischaemic Syndromes in the UK) Eur. Heart J., November 2, 2004; 25(22): 2013 - 2018. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. Imperatore, B. L. Cadwell, L. Geiss, J. B. Saadinne, D. E. Williams, E. S. Ford, T. J. Thompson, K. M. Venkat Narayan, and E. W. Gregg Thirty-year Trends in Cardiovascular Risk Factor Levels among US Adults with Diabetes: National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1971-2000 Am. J. Epidemiol., September 15, 2004; 160(6): 531 - 539. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H. S. Lim, R. J. MacFadyen, and G. Y. H. Lip Diabetes Mellitus, the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, and the Heart Arch Intern Med, September 13, 2004; 164(16): 1737 - 1748. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T S Fergus, R Fazel, J Fang, S Chetcuti, D E Smith, E Kline-Rogers, K Munir, K A Eagle, and D Mukherjee Presentation, management, and outcomes of diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic patients admitted for acute coronary syndromes Heart, September 1, 2004; 90(9): 1051 - 1052. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Z. T. Bloomgarden Inpatient Diabetes Control: Rationale Diabetes Care, August 1, 2004; 27(8): 2074 - 2080. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
O. Vaccaro, L. E. Eberly, J. D. Neaton, L. Yang, G. Riccardi, J. Stamler, and for the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial R Impact of Diabetes and Previous Myocardial Infarction on Long-term Survival: 25-Year Mortality Follow-up of Primary Screenees of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Arch Intern Med, July 12, 2004; 164(13): 1438 - 1443. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. Franklin, R. J. Goldberg, F. Spencer, W. Klein, A. Budaj, D. Brieger, M. Marre, P. G. Steg, N. Gowda, J. M. Gore, et al. Implications of Diabetes in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes: The Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events Arch Intern Med, July 12, 2004; 164(13): 1457 - 1463. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. R. Wilson, B. A. Vakili, W. Sherman, T. A. Sanborn, and D. L. Brown Effect of Diabetes on Long-Term Mortality Following Contemporary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Analysis of 4,284 cases Diabetes Care, May 1, 2004; 27(5): 1137 - 1142. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
N. Winer and J. R. Sowers Epidemiology of Diabetes J. Clin. Pharmacol., April 1, 2004; 44(4): 397 - 405. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
I. Gustafsson, B. Brendorp, M. Seibaek, H. Burchardt, P. Hildebrandt, L. Kober, C. Torp-Pedersen, and DIAMOND Study Group Influence of diabetes and diabetes-gender interaction on the risk of death in patients hospitalized with congestive heart failure J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 3, 2004; 43(5): 771 - 777. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. D. Lee, A. R. Folsom, J. S. Pankow, F. L. Brancati, and For the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Cardiovascular Events in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Adults With or Without History of Myocardial Infarction Circulation, February 24, 2004; 109(7): 855 - 860. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Norhammar, K. Malmberg, E. Diderholm, B. Lagerqvist, B. Lindahl, L. Ryden, and L. Wallentin Diabetes mellitus: the major risk factor in unstable coronary artery disease even after consideration of the extent of coronary artery disease and benefits of revascularization J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., February 18, 2004; 43(4): 585 - 591. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Roffi and E. J. Topol Percutaneous coronary intervention in diabetic patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes Eur. Heart J., February 1, 2004; 25(3): 190 - 198. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Clement, S. S. Braithwaite, M. F. Magee, A. Ahmann, E. P. Smith, R. G. Schafer, and I. B. Hirsch Management of Diabetes and Hyperglycemia in Hospitals Diabetes Care, February 1, 2004; 27(2): 553 - 591. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Hanefeld, M. Cagatay, T. Petrowitsch, D. Neuser, D. Petzinna, and M. Rupp Acarbose reduces the risk for myocardial infarction in type 2 diabetic patients: meta-analysis of seven long-term studies Eur. Heart J., January 1, 2004; 25(1): 10 - 16. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Trovati and F. Cavalot Optimization of Hypolipidemic and Antiplatelet Treatment in the Diabetic Patient with Renal Disease J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., January 1, 2004; 15(90010): S12 - 20. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
J. E. Ho, F. Paultre, and L. Mosca Is Diabetes Mellitus a Cardiovascular Disease Risk Equivalent for Fatal Stroke in Women?: Data From the Women's Pooling Project Stroke, December 1, 2003; 34(12): 2812 - 2816. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. T. Hurst and R. W. Lee Increased Incidence of Coronary Atherosclerosis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Mechanisms and Management Ann Intern Med, November 18, 2003; 139(10): 824 - 834. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H. D. Sesso, R. S. Chen, G. J. L'Italien, P. Lapuerta, W. C. Lee, and R. J. Glynn Blood Pressure Lowering and Life Expectancy Based on a Markov Model of Cardiovascular Events Hypertension, November 1, 2003; 42(5): 885 - 890. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. F. Luscher, M. A. Creager, J. A. Beckman, and F. Cosentino Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Pathophysiology, Clinical Consequences, and Medical Therapy: Part II Circulation, September 30, 2003; 108(13): 1655 - 1661. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Becker, G. Bos, F. de Vegt, P. J Kostense, J. M Dekker, G. Nijpels, R. J Heine, L. M Bouter, and C. D.A Stehouwer Cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes: comparison with nondiabetic individuals without and with prior cardiovascular disease: 10-year follow-up of the Hoorn Study Eur. Heart J., August 1, 2003; 24(15): 1406 - 1413. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. Zhang, A. Zalewski, Y. Liu, T. Mazurek, S. Cowan, J. L. Martin, S. M. Hofmann, H. Vlassara, and Y. Shi Diabetes-Induced Oxidative Stress and Low-Grade Inflammation in Porcine Coronary Arteries Circulation, July 29, 2003; 108(4): 472 - 478. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Natarajan, Y. Liao, G. Cao, S. R. Lipsitz, and D. L. McGee Sex Differences in Risk for Coronary Heart Disease Mortality Associated With Diabetes and Established Coronary Heart Disease Arch Intern Med, July 28, 2003; 163(14): 1735 - 1740. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Brandle, M. B. Davidson, D. L. Schriger, B. Lorber, and W. H. Herman Cost Effectiveness of Statin Therapy for the Primary Prevention of Major Coronary Events in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes Care, June 1, 2003; 26(6): 1796 - 1801. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Z. T. Bloomgarden Inflammation and Insulin Resistance Diabetes Care, June 1, 2003; 26(6): 1922 - 1926. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. A. Alter, Y. Khaykin, P. C. Austin, J. V. Tu, and J. E. Hux Processes and Outcomes of Care for Diabetic Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients in Ontario: Do physicians undertreat? Diabetes Care, May 1, 2003; 26(5): 1427 - 1434. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
F. A. McAlister, J. Man, L. Bistritz, H. Amad, and P. Tandon Diabetes and Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: An examination of perioperative glycemic control and outcomes Diabetes Care, May 1, 2003; 26(5): 1518 - 1524. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. W. Massing, K. A. Foley, C. A. Sueta, M. Chowdhury, D. P. Biggs, C. M. Alexander, and R. J. Simpson Jr. Trends in Lipid Management Among Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: Has diabetes received the attention it deserves? Diabetes Care, April 1, 2003; 26(4): 991 - 997. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. E. Eberly, J. D. Cohen, R. Prineas, and L. Yang Impact of Incident Diabetes and Incident Nonfatal Cardiovascular Disease on 18-Year Mortality: The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial experience Diabetes Care, March 1, 2003; 26(3): 848 - 854. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. Ballinger Do all diabetic patients need statins? A view from primary care The British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease, January 1, 2003; 3(1): 58 - 61. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
References Circulation, December 17, 2002; 106(25): 3373 - 3421. [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
N. N. Wahab, E. A. Cowden, N. J. Pearce, M. J. Gardner, H. Merry, J. L. Cox, and ICONS Investigators Is blood glucose an independent predictor of mortality in acute myocardial infarction in the thrombolytic era? J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 20, 2002; 40(10): 1748 - 1754. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. Chyun, V. Vaccarino, J. Murillo, L. H. Young, and H. M. Krumholz Cardiac Outcomes After Myocardial Infarction in Elderly Patients With Diabetes Mellitus Am. J. Crit. Care., November 1, 2002; 11(6): 504 - 519. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. Ryden and K. Malmberg Who are the enemies? Diabetes mellitus -- a major risk factor for ischaemic myocardial injury: new directions in the management of acute coronary syndromes in the diabetic patient Eur. Heart J. Suppl., November 1, 2002; 4(suppl_G): G21 - G25. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. Y. Goraya, C. L. Leibson, P. J. Palumbo, S. A. Weston, J. M. Killian, E. A. Pfeifer, S. J. Jacobsen, R. L. Frye, and V.e. L. Roger Coronary atherosclerosis in diabetes mellitus: A population-based autopsy study J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 4, 2002; 40(5): 946 - 953. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. M. Haffner and R. B. Goldberg New Strategies for the Treatment of Diabetic Dyslipidemia Diabetes Care, July 1, 2002; 25(7): 1237 - 1239. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. A. Beckman, M. A. Creager, and P. Libby Diabetes and Atherosclerosis: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Management JAMA, May 15, 2002; 287(19): 2570 - 2581. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
F. J. Th. Wackers and B. L. Zaret Detection of Myocardial Ischemia in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus Circulation, January 1, 2002; 105(1): 5 - 7. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Roffi, D. P. Chew, D. Mukherjee, D. L. Bhatt, J. A. White, C. Heeschen, C. W. Hamm, D. J. Moliterno, R. M. Califf, H. D. White, et al. Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors Reduce Mortality in Diabetic Patients With Non-ST-Segment-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes Circulation, December 4, 2001; 104(23): 2767 - 2771. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. J. Mukamal, R. W. Nesto, M. C. Cohen, J. E. Muller, M. Maclure, J. B. Sherwood, and M. A. Mittleman Impact of Diabetes on Long-Term Survival After Acute Myocardial Infarction: Comparability of risk with prior myocardial infarction Diabetes Care, August 1, 2001; 24(8): 1422 - 1427. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
F. B. Hu, M. J. Stampfer, C. G. Solomon, S. Liu, W. C. Willett, F. E. Speizer, D. M. Nathan, and J. E. Manson The Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Mortality From All Causes and Coronary Heart Disease in Women: 20 Years of Follow-up Arch Intern Med, July 23, 2001; 161(14): 1717 - 1723. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
I. Gustafsson and P. Hildebrandt Blood glucose in the CCU: time to measure Eur. Heart J., July 1, 2001; 22(13): 1061 - 1062. [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. A. Beller Coronary Heart Disease in the First 30 Years of the 21st Century: Challenges and Opportunities : The 33rd Annual James B. Herrick Lecture of the Council on Clinical Cardiology of the American Heart Association Circulation, May 22, 2001; 103(20): 2428 - 2435. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
|
Circulation Home | Subscriptions | Archives | Feedback | Authors | Help | AHA Journals Home | Search Copyright © 2000 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. Unauthorized use prohibited. |